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opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Data from: Radial stem growth of the clonal shrub Alnus alnobetula at treeline is constrained by summer temperature and winter desiccation and differs in carbon allocation strategy compared to co-occurring Pinus cembra

Data are documented in the following article: Oberhuber W., G Wieser, F. Bernich, A. Gruber (2022) Radial stem growth of the clonal shrub Alnus alnobetula at treeline is constrained by summer temperature and winter desiccation and differs in carbon allocation strategy compared to co-occurring Pinus cembra. Forests 2022, 13, 440. doi: 10.3390/f13030440.   Summary: Global change is affecting species areal distribution in many regions. A better understanding of how land-use change and climate warming affects shrub growth is essential for improved predictions of forest dynamics at the alpine treeline. Evaluation of radial stem growth of the clonal shrub Alnus alnobetula (= Alnus viridis) and the co-occurring tree species Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) within an alpine treeline ecotone revealed that mean ring width of nitrogen fixing A. alnobetula was about four times lower compared to P. cembra. Our findings are based on ring width data from A. alnobetula and P. cembra stems sampled at the alpine treeline ecotone on Mt. Patscherkofel (47°12’N, 11°27’E, Central European Alps, Austria, elevation range 2050 to 2190 m asl). Ring width time series include 86 radii from 51 stems of A. alnobetula (stems had mean age of 18±7 yrs) and 24 radii from 16 stems of P. cembra (18±4 yrs). We explain our findings by different carbon allocation strategies, i.e., preference of “vertical” stem growth in late successional P. cembra vs. favoring “horizontal” spread in the pioneer shrub A. alnobetula. By favouring clonal propagation over individual stem growth A. alnobetula is able to quickly spread at the alpine treeline ecotone.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2013View details →

Supplementary material 3 from: Bongard C, Butler K, Fulthorpe R (2013) Investigation of fungal root colonizers of the invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum and co-occurring local native plants in a field and woodland area in Southern Ontario. Nature Conservation 4: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.4.3578

Supplementary material 3 from: Bongard C, Butler K, Fulthorpe R (2013) Investigation of fungal root colonizers of the invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum and co-occurring local native plants in a field and woodland area in Southern Ontario. Nature Conservation 4: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.4.3578

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2019View details →

Elevation modulates the phenotypic responses to light of four co-occurring Pyrenean forest tree species

Data on plant water potential for seedlings of four Pyrenean tree species planted along an elevation gradient. The dataset contains three files: <ol> <li>Biomass.txt: Data on plant biomass per fraction (leaf, stem and roots) 4 years after plantation. Included variables: - Piso (factor): elevational stage at which the seedling was planted. Two levels: montane (M) or subalpine (S) - Luz (factor): whether the seedling was plantes at a gap or in the understory. Two levels: gap (O) or understroy (T) - N (numeric): number of plant in that plot - Sp (factor): species. Four levels: BEPE (Betula pendula) / PISY (Pinus sylvestris) / PIUN (Pinus uncinata) / ABAL (Abies alba) - Planta (factor): code to identify uniquely each plant - File (factor): code to identify uniquely each plant - GLI (num): Global Light Index, the amount of irradiance that receives each seedling - Code (factor): code to identify uniquely each plant - PLB (numeric): total plant biomass (g) - LFB (numeric): leaf biomass (g) - STB (numeric): stem biomass (g) - RTB (numeric): root biomass (g) - LMF (numeric): leaf mass fraction (LFB/PLB) - SMF (numeric): stem mass fraction (STB/PLB) - RMF (numeric): root mass fraction (RTB/PLB) - SLA (numeric): specific leaf area - H (numeric): plant height (mm) - D (numeric): plant diameter at root collar (mm) - PB2 (numeric): total plant biomass without considering leaves (g) - SF2 (numeric): stem mass fraction without considering leaves (STB/PB2) - RF2 (numeric): root mass fraction without considering leaves (RTB/PB2)</li> <li>init_biomass.txt: for biomass at the moment of plantation - Piso (factor): elevational stage at which the seedling was planted. Two levels: montane (M) or subalpine (S) - N (numeric): number of plant - Sp (factor): species. Four levels: BEPE (Betula pendula) / PISY (Pinus sylvestris) / PIUN (Pinus uncinata) / ABAL (Abies alba) - Planta (factor): code to identify uniquely each plant - File (numeric): code to identify uniquely each plant - PB (numeric): total plant biomass (g) - LB (numeric): leaf biomass (g) - SB (numeric): stem biomass (g) - RB (numeric): root biomass (g)</li> <li>WaterPot.txt: data on plant water potential for seedlings of four Pyrenean tree species planted along an elevation gradient during a period of intense drought - Piso (factor): elevational stage at which the seedling was planted. Two levels: montane (M) or subalpine (S) - Luz (factor): whether the seedling was plantes at a gap or in the understory. Two levels: gap (O) or understroy (T) - N (numeric): number of plant  - Parcela (factor): identifier ofthe plot - Sp (factor): species. Four levels: BEPE (Betula pendula) / PISY (Pinus sylvestris) / PIUN (Pinus uncinata) / ABAL (Abies alba) - Estacion (factor): the moment for the measurement. One level: September - GLI (numeric): global light index, the ration of total irradiance received by the plant at the moment of plantation - WPt (numeric): water potential (bars)</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Network data and script accompanying the paper "Operationalizing anthropological theory: four techniques to simplify networks of co-occurring ethnographic codes"

This repository accompanies the paper<a href="https://rdcu.be/dbuhi"> "Operationalizing anthropological theory: four techniques to simplify networks of co-occurring ethnographic codes"</a>, by Cottica et al. It contains: <ol> <li>A data file, containing networks of co-occurrence of ethnographic codes from three ethnographies. Data are pseudonymized (see the paper for details).</li> <li>A script that, when run on the data, produces simplified versions of each network. Simplifications follow four different techniques, described in the paper. Each technique relies on a tuning parameter, so that, for each network and each techniques, the script produces several simplified networks, each one associated with a unique value of the tuning parameter.</li> </ol> The data file format is that of a Tulip perspective. To open, download Tulip (https://tulip.labri.fr), launch it and open the file from within the Tulip GUI. The script file is in Python. To run, open it from within the Tulip IDE first.

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Tree-Ring Data for Co-Occurring White Spruce and Paper Birch at an Intermediate Aged Stand in the Bonanza Creek LTER Regional Site Network - 2018

This dataset contains tree ring widths of co-occurring white spruce and Alaska paper birch. The data were published as part of a 2021 article in Journal of Ecology.

openOpenMar 2021View details →

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Soil biogeochemical responses to multiple co-occurring forms of human-induced environmental change

Multiple forms of human-induced environmental change are impacting arid ecosystems. Climate change is increasing temperatures and altering precipitation patterns, and many rapidly-growing urban centers are in arid locations. Nitrogen deposition from air pollution accompanies urban activities in many of these locations. These forms of environmental stressors will certainly impact soil communities and the biogeochemical processes for which they are responsible. However, most studies investigate these multiple environmental change factors independently or sometimes in pairs, but rarely all together as co-occurring forms of change. We examined how the simultaneous manipulation of increasing temperatures, altered precipitation patterns (both pulse size and frequency), nitrogen deposition, and urbanization influenced soil respiration and mineral N pools in the Sonoran Desert. In a laboratory microcosm, we incubated soils collected from an urban vs. exurban site, from plots receiving ~20 yrs of experimental N fertilization vs. control plots. The microcosm soils were incubated at ambient vs. +2 degree C temperatures under a factorial precipitation treatment of decreased frequency and increased pulse size. We measured the response of soil respiration rates and inorganic N pools to these co-occurring forms of environmental change.

openCC0Mar 2023View details →

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Putative mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes co-occurring with other antibiotic resistance genes are widespread in the human gut microbiome

The dataset from the article Putative mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes co-occurring with other antibiotic resistance genes are widespread in the human gut microbiome

Figure 7 in Looks can be deceiving: contrasting temperature characteristics of two morphologically similar kelp species co-occurring in the Arctic

Figure 7: Effect of temperature on the relative abundance of different ontogenetic stages during gametogenesis of Laminaria digitata (left) and Hedophyllum nigripes (right) in a temperature gradient after seven days (above) and 14 days (below; mean of n = 3–4; SD not shown for clarity). Only the most developed stage was counted per female gametophyte. †All gametophytes died.

Figure 6 in Looks can be deceiving: contrasting temperature characteristics of two morphologically similar kelp species co-occurring in the Arctic

Figure 6: Sex ratio (female:male) of gametophytes of Laminaria digitata (left) and Hedophyllum nigripes (right) after 14 days in temperature gradients between 0 and 25 °C (L. digitata) and 22 °C (H. nigripes) (n = 4, mean ± SD). Different letters denote significant differences among temperatures within each species (L. digitata: Kruskal–Wallis test with multiple p-value comparison; H. nigripes: one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test). Please note that the marked deviation from an expected initial 50:50 ratio was due to applied seeding methods. †All gametophytes died.

Figure 4 in Looks can be deceiving: contrasting temperature characteristics of two morphologically similar kelp species co-occurring in the Arctic

Figure 4: Optimal quantum yield (FV/FM) of Laminaria digitata (top) and Hedophyllum nigripes (bottom) sporophytes in a temperature gradient (two weeks; left graph) and post-cultivation at 10 °C (one week; right graph). Horizontal lines represent the median; boxes, the interquartile range; whiskers, 1.5× of inter-quartile range (n = 5).

Figure 3 in Looks can be deceiving: contrasting temperature characteristics of two morphologically similar kelp species co-occurring in the Arctic

Figure 3: Photographic documentation of Laminaria digitata and Hedophyllum nigripes sporophytes exposed to a temperature gradient after post-cultivation at 10 °C. Images are not to scale. Triangular cuts marked individual sporophytes per replicate.

Figure 2 in Looks can be deceiving: contrasting temperature characteristics of two morphologically similar kelp species co-occurring in the Arctic

Figure 2: Relative growth rates (RGR; % d−1) of Laminaria digitata (top) and Hedophyllum nigripes (bottom) sporophytes in a temperature gradient over the experimental time (14 days; left side of the dotted line) and recovery at 10 °C (one week; right side of the dotted line; n = 5, mean ± SD). Each value denotes the RGR between the indicated time point and the measuring day before.

Figure 1 in Looks can be deceiving: contrasting temperature characteristics of two morphologically similar kelp species co-occurring in the Arctic

Figure 1: Standardized growth rates (GR) based on surface area (%) of Laminaria digitata (white dots) and Hedophyllum nigripes (black dots) sporophytes over two weeks in a temperature gradient (n = 5, mean ± SD). Different letters denote significant differences within each species (ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test: α <0.05, A– D = L. digitata; a–c = H. nigripes). Asterisks indicate significant differences between standardized GR of L. digitata and H. nigripes (two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test).

Figure 5 in Looks can be deceiving: contrasting temperature characteristics of two morphologically similar kelp species co-occurring in the Arctic

Figure 5: Density of gametophytes of Laminaria digitata (A, C) and Hedophyllum nigripes (B, D) at day 7 (A, B) and day 14 (C, D) in temperature gradients between 0 and 25 °C (L. digitata) and 22 °C (H. nigripes) (n = 3–4, mean ± SD). Broken horizontal lines show the mean initial gametophyte density for each species after the acclimatization phase (day 0). †All gametophytes died.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

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Data from: Divergent physiological acclimation responses to warming between two co-occurring salamander species and implications for terrestrial survival

Small differences in physiological responses are known to influence demographic rates such as survival. We tested for differences in the physiological acclimation responses of two closely-related salamander species that often co-occur, Ambystoma maculatum and A. opacum. Specifically, we measured changes in critical thermal maxima (CTmax), standard metabolic rates (SMRs), and respiratory surface area water loss (RSAWL) following exposure to three temperature treatments under laboratory conditions. While the magnitude of RSAWL and CTmax acclimation responses to warming did not differ between the study species, SMR was maintained across acclimation temperatures among A. maculatum, but declined among A. opacum acclimated to warmer temperatures. Metabolic compensation may facilitate maintained A. maculatum activity levels during warm periods following the relatively cool spring breeding season. In contrast, metabolic suppression may allow A. opacum to conserve energy when exposed to surface conditions during fall breeding and nest guarding. We simulated how these different SMR responses would likely alter post-metamorphic survival in our study species using previously collected data representing six weeks under relatively warm seminatural conditions. Our simulation indicated that, following warming and under identical study conditions, metabolic compensation may allow juvenile A. maculatum to maintain survival likelihoods, whereas metabolic depression may cause juvenile A. opacum to experience increased survivorship. These findings underscore that comparable physiological responses among ecologically similar, sympatric species cannot be assumed. Further, results of this study suggest that metabolic responses may play an important role in amphibian species persistence as temperatures increase due to habitat modification and climate change.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7). in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)

Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2013View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Bongard C, Butler K, Fulthorpe R (2013) Investigation of fungal root colonizers of the invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum and co-occurring local native plants in a field and woodland area in Southern Ontario. Nature Conservation 4: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.4.3578

Supplementary material 1 from: Bongard C, Butler K, Fulthorpe R (2013) Investigation of fungal root colonizers of the invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum and co-occurring local native plants in a field and woodland area in Southern Ontario. Nature Conservation 4: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.4.3578

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Data from: Winter-moth populations are isolated on co-occurring tree species with contrasting budburst-phenology

Differences between neighbouring tree species in phenology could isolate populations of host-plant generalists that depend on matching the phenology of their host. We studied the relationship between the budburst phenology of two co-occurring tree species with early (hornbeams) and late (oaks) budburst, and the egg-hatching date of associated winter moths (Operophtera brumata) during two seasons (autumns starting in 2020 and 2021). A previous study in spring 2019 had found no winter moth larvae on the focal oaks, while we found them mainly on oaks with hornbeam neighbours in 2022. Congruently, adult winter moths were rarely encountered during the autumns of 2018 and 2019 and sparsely in 2020 and 2021, and then mainly near hornbeams.The vast majority of winter moths had early-hatching eggs when both hornbeams and oaks were present, matching the hornbeams rather than the oaks. Where hornbeam was absent in the neighbourhood, the few winter moths had late-hatching eggs.These results suggest that winter moth populations on hornbeam and oak are to some degree isolated from each other despite spatial proximity, so that recolonization of oaks by populations synchronized with budburst of hornbeam is slow. Therefore, trees would benefit from differing from their neighbours in budburst phenology with respect to herbivore damage.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →