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14 results for “coastal sand dunes”
Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) decrease nymphal infection prevalence for tick-borne pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a coastal dune ecosystem
<p>1. Understanding which factors determine tick-borne disease hazard can contribute to effective disease control. In Europe, the hazard of the pathogens <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> s.l. and <em>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</em> is determined by local tick densities (mainly <em>Ixodes ricinus</em>) and the reservoir competence of the host species community. Sand lizards (<em>Lacerta agilis</em>) are common hosts for larvae and nymphs of <em>I. ricinus</em> and non-competent reservoirs for both pathogens. Consequently, high relative abundance of <em>L. agilis</em> is hypothesized to be associated with lower infection prevalence in nymphs. Here, we aimed to test whether this effectively occurs in natural settings.</p> <p>2. We sampled different habitat types within a heterogenous dune landscape at the Dutch coast and estimated 1) <em>L. agilis</em> densities, 2) host community competence, 3) the density and infection prevalence of questing<em> I. ricinus</em> ticks, and 4) the number and infection prevalence of ticks feeding on <em>L. agilis</em>.</p> <p>3. Captured <em>L. agilis</em> had high tick burdens and contributed substantially to feeding <em>I. ricinus</em> larvae in their natural habitat. <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. and <em>A. phagocytophilum</em> were virtually absent from feeding larvae and nymphs.</p> <p>4. The nymphal infection prevalence of both pathogens in questing ticks was lower in habitat types where <em>L. agilis</em> was more abundant. Hence, <em>L. agilis</em> strongly reduced community competence.</p> <p>5. The density of questing nymphs was higher in habitat types with denser vegetation and also varied more between habitat types than infection prevalence. As a result, nymphal density had a stronger effect on the density of infected ticks than did nymphal infection prevalence.</p> <p>6. Synthesis and applications. Coastal dune habitats favourable for <em>L. agilis</em> have lower densities of questing nymphs, and a lower human infection hazard. These results might be applicable to similar ecosystems where <em>L. agilis</em> is present. From a public health perspective, this underlines the importance of preserving early successional habitat, as encroaching shrubs are associated with higher tick-borne disease hazard, and vegetation removal might be a solution to reduce hazard in coastal dunes. The high degree of spatial heterogeneity in the abundance of tick-borne pathogens also poses opportunities to manage recreational activities to limit human exposure to tick-borne diseases.</p>
Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) decrease nymphal infection prevalence for tick-borne pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a coastal dune ecosystem
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Image 4 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Image 4. Citrullus colocynthes
Image 6 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Image 6. Gisekia pharnaceoides
Image 3 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Image 3. Bulbostylis barbata
Image 8 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Image 8. Pedalium murex
Figure 1 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Figure 1. Study area
Image 1 in Coastal sand dune flora in the Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, southern India
Image 1. Sand dune in Manapadu Village
FIGURE 2 in Scaevola rialagartensis (Goodeniaceae), a new species from coastal sand dunes of Rio Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Illustration of Scaevola rialagartensis. a, portion of the habit; b, branch with flowers and fruits; c, detail of the leaf; d, portion of the inflorescence; e, flower with stigma details; f, stamen, g, portion of the infrutescence; h, fruit, longitudinal section; i, seed covered with the aril; j, seeds. Illustration by Edmundo Saavedra based on the holotype specimen G. Castillo-Campos & J.J. Pale P. 29321.
FIGURE 3 in Scaevola rialagartensis (Goodeniaceae), a new species from coastal sand dunes of Rio Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Scaevola rialagartensis Cast.-Campos sp. nov. in its habitat. a) shrub lying on the sand dune and parasitized by Cassytha filiformis L.; b) branch with inflorescences, flowers in anthesis, and revolute leaves. (Photos G. Castillo-Campos).
FIGURE 3. Salacia frutiplatensis a in Salacia frutiplatensis (Celastraceae, Salacioideae), a new species of the coastal sand dunes of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Salacia frutiplatensis a) mature fruits; b) branch with immature fruit; c) immature fruit on tree branch; d) cross-sectional view of a fruit with seeds coated with mucilaginous aril; e) fruit shell without seeds; f) seeds without mucilaginous aril. (Photographs by G. Castillo-Campos).
FIGURE 2 in Salacia frutiplatensis (Celastraceae, Salacioideae), a new species of the coastal sand dunes of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Illustration of Salacia frutiplatensis. a, branch with fruit; b, c, leaves; d, petiole; e, f, flowers; g, infructescence; h, i, fruit, cross-section; j, k, l, seeds with and without aril; m, seed, cross-section. Illustration by Edmundo Saavedra based on the holotype specimen G. Castillo-Campos & O. Palacios W. 29785 and G. CastilloCampos & M. Escamilla 29844.
FIGURE 1 in Salacia frutiplatensis (Celastraceae, Salacioideae), a new species of the coastal sand dunes of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Location map of Salacia frutiplatensis Cast.-Campos, sp. nov. on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
FIGURE 1 in Scaevola rialagartensis (Goodeniaceae), a new species from coastal sand dunes of Rio Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Location map of Scaevola rialagartensis Cast.-Campos sp. nov.
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