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22 results for “coercion”
Data from: Remodeling male coercion and the evolution of sexual autonomy by mate choice
<p><span>Models of sexual conflict over mating, including conflict over indirect benefits of mate choice, have generally presumed that female resistance to male coercion must involve direct confrontation, which can lead to sexually antagonistic co-evolutionary arms-races. We built a quantitative model examining the largely ignored possibility that females may evolve new, additional mate preferences for new male traits that undermine male capacity to coerce. Thus, females may "remodel" the coercive capacity of the male phenotype in order to enhance their own sexual autonomy – a novel alternative mechanism by which females may avoid arms-races. We demonstrate that evolutionary "remodeling" is possible, in spite of costs to males, because females that prefer males with protective, autonomy-enhancing traits (traits correlated with lower coercion effectiveness) are likelier to gain indirect benefits of having attractive mates. Our analysis reveals new possibilities for the evolution of systems of sexual conflict over indirect benefits, showing that </span><span>autonomy-enhancing male traits </span><span>can act as a "public good," benefiting all females regardless of mating preferences, leading to oscillatory dynamics; and that preferences for more protective male traits will often be favored relative to preferences for less protective traits, potentially leading to an evolutionary "snowball" of expanding sexual autonomy.</span></p>
Data from: Remodeling male coercion and the evolution of sexual autonomy by mate choice
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Implementation of guidelines on prevention of coercion and violence (PreVCo) in psychiatry
<p><span><span>Fifty-four psychiatric wards in Germany treating voluntary and involuntary patients were randomly allocated to either an intervention or to a waiting list condition. The intervention consisted of the implementation of three out of 12 suggested recommendations as selected by the ward teams, supported by external study workers. As the primary outcome measure, the number of coercive measures used per bed and month in the final 3 months of the intervention period was determined. Secondary outcomes were the cumulative duration of coercive measures used per bed and months and assaults per bed and month. </span></span><span><span>Achieved guideline adherence was measured by a fidelity scale developed for this purpose during a pilot study for the PreVCo Rating Tool. After a 3-month baseline collection period under routine conditions, randomisation was done after matching wards pairwise according to frequency of coercive measures used and scores on the PreVCo Rating Tool at baseline. </span></span></p>
Sexual coercion in a natural mandrill population
<p>Each prediction (and the test for male aggression ~ rank) corresponds to a differrent table and R script. The legends of the tables are within the corresponding script.</p> <p> </p>
Addressing Reproductive Coercion in HEalth Settings - Kenya
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03534401. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Reducing Coercion in Norway (RECON)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03989765. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Implementation of guidelines on prevention of coercion and violence (PreVCo) in psychiatry
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Data for: Male coercion and female injury in a sexually cannibalistic mantis
<p>Sexual conflict can generate male traits that enhance mating success but lead to injury in females. Pre-copulatory sexual cannibalism—where females eat males without mating—has the potential to select for harmful coercive traits as well, but few examples are known. Here, we show that males of the highly cannibalistic Springbok mantis, <i>Miomantis caffra</i>, wrestle females during pre-mating interactions. We find that most initial contacts between males and females involve a violent struggle whereby each sex tries be the first to grasp hold of the other with their raptorial forelegs. When females win the struggle, they always cannibalise males. However, when males grasp females first, they dramatically increase the chance of mating. We also find striking evidence that males wound females with their fore-tibial claws during struggles, resulting in haemolymph loss and scar tissue formation. Taken together, our results show how males can overcome the threat of cannibalism by coercively wrestling females. We argue that pre-copulatory injury in this species is likely a negative pleiotropic side-effect of selection on claws to capture prey.</p>
Data from: Female resistance to sexual coercion can evolve to preserve the indirect benefits of mate choice
Sexual conflict over the indirect benefits of mate choice may arise when traits in one sex limit the ability of the other sex to freely choose mates but when these coercive traits are not necessarily directly harmful (i.e. forced fertilization per se). While we might hypothesize that females can evolve resistance in order to retain the indirect, genetic benefits (reflected in offspring attractiveness) of mating with attractive males, up to now it has been difficult to evaluate potential underlying mechanisms. Traditional theoretical approaches do not usually conceptually distinguish between female preference for male mating display and female resistance to forced fertilization, yet sexual conflict over indirect benefits implies the simultaneous action of all of these traits. Here we present an integrative theoretical framework that draws together concepts from both sexual selection and sexual conflict traditions, allowing for the simultaneous coevolution of displays and preferences, and of coercion and resistance. We demonstrate that it is possible for resistance to coercion to evolve in the absence of direct costs of mating to preserve the indirect benefits of mate choice. We find that resistance traits that improve the efficacy of female mating preference can evolve as long as females are able to attain some indirect benefits of mating with attractive males, even when both attractive and unattractive males can coerce. These results reveal new evolutionary outcomes that were not predicted by prior theories of indirect benefits or sexual conflict.
Adaptation and Testing of the Addressing Reproductive Coercion in HEalth Settings (ARCHES) Intervention in Bangladesh
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03539315. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Coercion in Same-Day Research Consent
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07380035. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of a Standardized Post-coercion Review Session.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03512925. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data for: Male coercion and female injury in a sexually cannibalistic mantis
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Data from: Female resistance to sexual coercion can evolve to preserve the indirect benefits of mate choice
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Data from: Male monkeys use punishment and coercion to de-escalate costly intergroup fights
In numerous social species, males direct aggression towards female group members during intergroup fights, and this behaviour is commonly thought to function as mate guarding, even though males often target non-receptive females. In studying intergroup fights in a wild population of vervet monkeys, we found that male intragroup aggression was primarily directed towards individuals who had either just finished exhibiting, or were currently attempting to instigate intergroup aggression. Targeted females were less likely to instigate intergroup aggression in the future, indicating that male intragroup aggression functioned as coercion (when directed towards those who were currently trying to instigate a fight) and punishment (when directed towards those who had recently fought). These manipulative tactics effectively prevented intergroup encounters from escalating into fights and often de-escalated ongoing conflicts. Males who were likely sires were those most likely to use punishment/coercion, particularly when they were wounded, and therefore less able to protect vulnerable offspring should a risky intergroup fight erupt. This work, along with our previous finding that females use punishment and rewards to recruit males into participating in intergroup fights, highlights the inherent conflict of interest that exists between the sexes, as well as the role that social incentives can play in resolving this conflict. Furthermore, unlike other studies which have found punishment to be used asymmetrically between partners, these works represent a novel example of reciprocal punishment in a non-human animal.
Data from: Male monkeys use punishment and coercion to de-escalate costly intergroup fights
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Data from: Neutral fitness outcomes contradict inferences of sexual ‘coercion’ derived from male’s damaging mating tactic in a widow spider
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Joint Crisis Plans or Crisis Cards for People With Severe Mental Disorders to Reduce Coercion in Psychiatric Care.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03240380. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Sexual Coercion in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists (LHRHa )
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06840847. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Psychiatry and Individual Liberties: a Study of Institutions Characterized by a Reduced Use of Coercion
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05136989. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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