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80 results for “cognitive abilities”
Data from: Social complexity affects cognitive abilities but not brain structure in a Poecilid fish
<p>Some cognitive abilities are suggested to be the result of a complex social life, allowing individuals to achieve higher fitness through advanced strategies. However, most evidence is correlative. Here, we provide an experimental investigation of how group size and composition affect brain and cognitive development in the guppy (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>). For six months, we reared sexually mature females in one of three social treatments: a small conspecific group of three guppies, a large heterospecific group of three guppies and three splash tetras (<em>Copella arnoldi</em>) – a species that co-occurs with the guppy in the wild, and a large conspecific group of six guppies. We then tested the guppies' performance in self-control (inhibitory control), operant conditioning (associative learning), and cognitive flexibility (reversal learning) tasks. Using X-ray imaging, we measured their brain size and major brain regions. Larger groups of six individuals, both conspecific and heterospecific groups, showed better cognitive flexibility than smaller groups, but no difference in self-control and operant conditioning tests. Interestingly, while social manipulation had no significant effect on brain morphology, relatively larger telencephalons were associated with better cognitive flexibility. This suggests alternative mechanisms beyond brain region size enabled greater cognitive flexibility in individuals from larger groups. Although there is no clear evidence for the impact on brain morphology, our research shows that living in larger social groups can enhance cognitive flexibility. This indicates that the social environment plays a role in the cognitive development of guppies.</p>
Effects of brain maintenance and cognitive reserve on age-related decline in three cognitive abilities
<p><strong>Objectives </strong></p> <p>Age-related cognitive changes can be influenced by both brain maintenance (BM), which refers to the relative absence over time of changes in neural resources or neuropathologic changes, and cognitive reserve (CR), which encompasses brain processes that allow for better-than-expected behavioral performance given the degree of life-course related brain changes. This study evaluated the effects of age, BM, and CR on longitudinal changes over two visits, 5 years apart, in three cognitive abilities that capture most of age-related variability.</p> <p><strong>Method </strong></p> <p>Participants included 254 healthy adults aged 20–80 years at recruitment. Potential BM was estimated using whole brain cortical thickness and white matter mean diffusivity at both visits. Education and IQ (estimated with AMNART) were tested as moderating factors for cognitive changes in the three cognitive abilities.</p> <p><strong> Results </strong></p> <p>Consistent with BM—after accounting for age, sex, and baseline performance—individual differences in the preservation of mean diffusivity and cortical thickness were independently associated with relative preservation in the three abilities. Consistent with CR—after accounting for age, sex, baseline performance, and structural brain changes—higher IQ, but not education, was associated with reduced 5-year decline in Reasoning (𝛽=0.387, p=0.002), and education was associated with reduced decline in Speed (𝛽=0.237, p=0.039). <strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Discussion</strong></p> <p>These results demonstrate that both CR and BM can moderate cognitive changes in healthy aging and that the two mechanisms can make differential contributions to preserved cognition.</p>
Stability and change in male fertility patterns by cognitive ability across 32 birth cohorts
<p>The relationship between cognitive ability (CA) and childbearing remains unsettled. Using Norwegian administrative registers with population coverage, we study how male lifetime fertility patterns differ across cognitive score groups, and how these changed across the 1950–1981 birth cohorts, covering a period characterized by rapid social and economic change. The analyses reveal systematic differences in fertility and fertility timing across CA groups, with high-scoring males having delayed but ultimately higher fertility than lower-scoring males. This pattern remains stable over time despite strong trends towards delayed and reduced fertility. The overall positive relationship between CA and fertility is primarily driven by high rates of childlessness in the lowest-scoring group, with low-scoring males showing higher rates of parity progression conditional on having children.</p>
Stability and change in male fertility patterns by cognitive ability across 32 birth cohorts
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Effects of brain maintenance and cognitive reserve on age-related decline in three cognitive abilities
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Data from: Social complexity affects cognitive abilities but not brain structure in a Poecilid fish
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Data from: Song learning and cognitive ability are not consistently related in a songbird
Learned aspects of song have been hypothesized to signal cognitive ability in songbirds. We tested this hypothesis in hand-reared song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) that were tutored with playback of adult songs during the critical period for song learning. The songs developed by the 19 male subjects were compared to the model songs to produce two measures of song learning: the proportion of notes copied from models and the average spectrogram cross-correlation between copied notes and model notes. Song repertoire size, which reflects song complexity, was also measured. At 1 year of age, subjects were given a battery of five cognitive tests that measured speed of learning in the context of a novel foraging task, color association, color reversal, detour-reaching, and spatial learning. Bivariate correlations between the three song measures and the five cognitive measures revealed no significant associations. As in other studies of avian cognition, different cognitive measures were for the most part not correlated with each other, and this result remained true when 22 hand-reared female song sparrows were added to the analysis. General linear mixed models controlling for effects of neophobia and nest of origin indicated that all three song measures were associated with better performance on color reversal and spatial learning but were associated with worse performance on novel foraging and detour-reaching. Overall, the results do not support the hypothesis that learned aspects of song signal cognitive ability.
Data for the Project 'Discriminative ability of instrumented cognitive-motor assessments to distinguish fallers from non-fallers'
<p>Data for the project 'Discriminative ability of instrumented cognitive-motor assessments to distinguish fallers from non-fallers' including a complete dataset with all variables collected in this project ('Data_Discriminative ability of instrumented assessments_for publication.xlsx') and a corresponding README file ('README-File_Data_Discriminative ability of instrumented cognitive-motor assessments to distingush fallers from non-fallers.txt'). The latter provides (1) general information, (2) sharing and access information, (3) data and file overview, (4) methodological information, and (5) data-specific information.</p>
Stress axis programming generates long-term effects on cognitive abilities in a cooperative breeder
<p><span>The ability to flexibly adjust behaviour to social and non-social challenges is important for successfully navigating variable environments. Social competence, i.e., adaptive behavioural flexibility in the social domain, allows individuals to optimize their expression of social behaviour. Behavioural flexibility outside the social domain aids in coping with ecological challenges. However, it is unknown if social and non-social behavioural flexibility share common underlying cognitive mechanisms. Support for such shared mechanism would be provided if the same neural mechanisms in the brain affected social and non-social behavioural flexibility similarly. We used individuals of the cooperatively-breeding fish <em>Neolamprologus pulcher</em> that had undergone early-life programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis by exposure to (i) cortisol, (ii) the glucocorticoid-receptor antagonist mifepristone or (iii) control treatments, and where effects of stress-axis programming on social flexibility occurred. One year after the treatments, adults learned a colour-discrimination task, and subsequently, a reversal-learning task testing for behavioural flexibility. Early-life mifepristone treatment only marginally affected learning performance, whereas cortisol treatment significantly reduced behavioural flexibility. Thus, early-life cortisol treatment reduced both social and non-social behavioural flexibility, suggesting a shared cognitive basis of behavioural flexibility. Further our findings imply that early-life stress programming affects the ability of organisms to flexibly cope with environmental stressors.</span></p>
Constitutive depletion of brain serotonin differentially affects rats' social and cognitive abilities
<p><strong>Background</strong> Central serotonin is an essential neuromodulator for mental disorders. It appears a promising transdiagnostic marker of distinct psychiatric disorders and a common modulator of some of their key behavioral symptoms. We aimed to identify the behavioral markers of serotonergic function in rats and compare them to human deficits.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong> We applied a comprehensive profiling approach in adult male <em>Tph2<sup>−/−</sup></em> rats constitutively lacking central serotonin. Under classical and ethological testing conditions, we tested each individual’s cognitive, social and non-social abilities and characterized the group organization (i.e. social network, hierarchy). Using unsupervised machine learning, we identified the functions most dependent on central serotonin.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong> In classical procedures, <em>Tph2<sup>−/−</sup></em> rats presented an unexpected normal cognitive profile. Under the complex and experimenter-free conditions of their home-cage, the same <em>Tph2<sup>−/−</sup></em> rats presented drastic changes in their daily life. Brain serotonin depletion induced compulsive aggression and sexual behavior, hyperactive and hypervigilant stereotyped behavior, reduced self-care and body weight, and exacerbated corticosterone levels. Group-housed <em>Tph2<sup>−/−</sup></em> rats showed strong social disorganization with disrupted social networks and hierarchical structure, which may arise from communication deficits and cognitive blunting.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong> Serotonin depletion induced a profile reminiscent of the symptomatology of impulse control and anxiety disorders. Serotonin was necessary for behavioral adaptation to dynamic social environments. In classical testing conditions, our animal model challenged the concept of an essential role of serotonin in decision-making, flexibility, and impulsivity, although developmental compensations may have occurred. These contrasting findings highlight the need to generalize the evaluation of animal models’ multidimensional functions within the complexity of the social living environment.</p>
Testing the Ability of JNJ-18038683 to Improve Cognition and Reduce Depressive Symptoms in Stable Bipolar Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02466685. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Self-Help Plus to Enhance Early Development: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Maternal Mental Health, Child Cognitive Abilities, and Socio-Behavioral Skills Among South Sudanese Refugee Mother
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07062341. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Efficacy and Safety of Memantine Hydrochloride in Enhancing the Cognitive Abilities of Young Adults With Down Syndrome
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01112683. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Song learning and cognitive ability are not consistently related in a songbird
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Examining relationship between auditory brainstem responses, cognitive ability, and speech-in-noise perception among young adults with normal hearing thresholds
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Stress axis programming generates long-term effects on cognitive abilities in a cooperative breeder
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Blood-based epigenome-wide analyses of cognitive abilities
<p>CpGs and corresponding mean weights for DNAm-based prediction of cognitive abilities (6 traits)</p>
Brain size, gut size and cognitive abilities: the energy trade-offs tested in artificial selection experiment
<p>The enlarged brains of homeotherms bring behavioural advantages, but also incur high energy expenditures. The 'Expensive Brain' (EB) hypothesis posits that the energetic costs of the enlarged brain and the resulting increased cognitive abilities (CA) were met either by increased energy turnover or reduced allocation to other expensive organs, such as the gut.</p> <p><span>We tested the EB hypothesis by analyzing correlated responses to selection in an experimental evolution model system, which comprises line types of laboratory mice selected for high or low basal (BMR), or high maximum (VO<sub>2max</sub>) metabolic rates. The traits are implicated in the evolution of homeothermy, having been pre-requisites for the encephalisation and exceptional CA of mammals, including humans.<i> </i>High-BMR mice had bigger guts, but not brains, than mice of other line types. Yet, they were superior to the other line types in the cognitive tasks carried out in both reward and avoidance learning contexts. Furthermore, the high-BMR mice had higher neuronal plasticity (indexed as the long-term potentiation, LTP) than their counterparts. Our data indicate that the evolutionary increase of CA in mammals was initially associated with increased BMR and brain plasticity. It was also fueled by an enlarged gut, which was not traded off for brain size.</span></p>
Influence of unspecific visual-perceptual-cognitive task constrains on jump ability and reactive strength in soccer players
<p>Open Data: Influence of unspecific visual-perceptual-cognitive task constrains on jump ability and reactive strength in soccer players</p>
Data from: General perceptual-cognitive abilities: age and position in soccer
Various studies suggest the importance of sport-specific cognitive and perceptual abilities in soccer. However, the role of general perceptual-cognitive abilities and the relation of age respective to position have not been clarified for soccer in detail. Therefore, it was the objective of the present study to determine the relation of age and position to general perceptual-cognitive abilities. 178 highly talented male soccer players (mean age 16.2, age range 10 to 33 years) were involved. The participants performed computer-based sustained attention and anticipation (using Vienna Test System) tests. 139 subjects (mean age 16.6) took part in visual and acoustic reaction tests (using Talent Diagnostic System). The soccer players, subdivided into age and position groups, were recruited from a youth academy of a professional soccer club and played at the highest and 2nd highest national soccer competition for their age. Group differences were tested using analysis of variance. Correlations were analyzed for age and abilities. Significant correlations and group differences were found for age and sustained attention tasks. Significant differences for position groups were observed with regard to acoustic reaction time (ART). Further, we found statistical tendencies for group differences regarding the visual reaction time (VRT), indicating that midfielders outperform defenders and strikers in simple reaction tasks. Improved skills in sustained attention tasks resulted for defenders, who worked faster and more precisely in figural tasks. Regarding general anticipation tasks differences were not found. No group differences were found in basic anticipation tasks. Our study indicates that additional research is needed to further clarify the development of general perceptual-cognitive abilities and position-specific differences in the above abilities of highly talented soccer players.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.