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136 results for “cognitive development”
To What Extent Cognitive-Driven Development Improves Code Readability?
<p>Cognitive-Driven Development (CDD) is a coding design technique<br> that aims to reduce the cognitive effort that developers place in<br> understanding a given code unit (e.g., a class). By following CDD de-<br> sign practices, it is expected that the coding units to be smaller, and,<br> thus, easier to maintain and evolve. However, it is so far unknown<br> whether these smaller code units coded using CDD standards are,<br> indeed, easier to understand. In this work we aim to assess to what<br> extent CDD improves code readability. To achieve this goal, we<br> conducted a two-phase study. We start by inviting professional<br> software developers to vote (and justify their rationale) on the most<br> readable pair of code snippets (from a set of 10 pairs); one of the<br> pairs was coded using CDD practices. We received 133 answers.<br> In the second phase, we applied the state-of-the art readability<br> model on the 10-pairs of CDD-driven refactorings. We observed<br> some conflicting results. On the one hand, developers perceived<br> that seven (out of 10) CDD-driven refactorings were more readable<br> than their counterparts; for two other CDD-driven refactorings,<br> developers were undecided, while only in one of the CDD-driven<br> refactorings, developers preferred the original code snippet. On<br> the other hand, we noticed that only one CDD-driven refactorings<br> have better performance readability, assessed by state-of-the-art<br> readability models. Our results provide initial evidence that CDD<br> could be an interesting approach for software design</p>
Figure 1 Scatter Plot of Standardized Residual by Standardized Predicted Value-Potential Predictability of ZPD of Children's Cognitive Development
<p>One of the essential assumptions that should be met in regression analysis is the linearity of<br> the data. The result of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that regression model is linear; F<br> (1, 39) = 8.429, P <0.05 for model 1 and F (2, 38) = 8.648, P<0.05 for model 2. Moreover, Scatter<br> plot shows (Figure1) that there is no funnel shaped or crescent shaped cloud. This indicates that two<br> assumptions of linearity and homogeneity of variance have been met.</p>
Figure 1.Flowchart of the CoDOA.-Realizing an Optimization Approach Inspired from Piaget's Theory on Cognitive Development
<p>The objective of this paper is to introduce an artificial intelligence based optimization<br> approach, which is inspired from Piaget’s theory on cognitive development. The approach has been<br> designed according to essential processes that an individual may experience while learning<br> something new or improving his / her knowledge. These processes are associated with the Piaget’s<br> ideas on an individual’s cognitive development. The approach expressed in this paper is a simple<br> algorithm employing swarm intelligence oriented tasks in order to overcome single-objective<br> optimization problems. For evaluating effectiveness of this early version of the algorithm, test<br> operations have been done via some benchmark functions. The obtained results show that the<br> approach / algorithm can be an alternative to the literature in terms of single-objective optimization.<br> The authors have suggested the name: Cognitive Development Optimization Algorithm (CoDOA)<br> for the related intelligent optimization approach.</p>
Figure 4. A graphic on values of TP, TN, FP, and FN for each different application process.-Cognitive Development Optimization Algorithm Based Support Vector Machines for Determining Diabetes
<p>This study has proposed a diabetes diagnosis system, which is formed via both Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Cognitive Development Optimization Algorithm (CoDOA). In this approach, the training process of the SVM has been supported with the CoDOA and after determining the most optimum sigma (σ) parameter of the Gauss (RBF) kernel function (so the most optimum SVM), a better classification formation has been tried to be achieved. In the context of the study, diabetes data set, which is related to Pima Indians, has been used for evaluating effectiveness of the proposed approach and after six different application processes, it was seen that the approach is well-enough on classification, which means being capable of determining diabetes. There are also some future works regarding the developed CoDOA-SVM based approach. In this context, there will be some more works for improving classification accuracy and also setting different optimization plans on i.e. different parameters of the kernel function. Additionally, it is aimed to evaluate the approach with datasets belonging to different diseases.</p>
Figure 3. A brief schema of the CoDOA-SVM approach-Cognitive Development Optimization Algorithm Based Support Vector Machines for Determining Diabetes
<p>In the Equation 23, TP stands for true classified diabetes positive individuals; TN stands for true classified diabetes negative individuals; FP stands for false classified diabetes positive individuals and finally, FN stands for false classified diabetes negative individuals. • After determining good (optimum) particles, default CoDOA steps are run. • After achieving the total iteration number, it is allowed to train the SVM via optimum Gauss (RBF) kernel function parameters, by using the optimum particle value [sigma (σ) value]. • The trained SVM is now ready for the classification and so is diabetes determination process.<br> A brief schema of the CoDOA-SVM approach is also provided in Figure 3.</p>
Figure 1. Maximum margin hyper-plane (Cortes & Vapnik, 1995).-Cognitive Development Optimization Algorithm Based Support Vector Machines for Determining Diabetes
<p>In other words, it aims to find the state in which the distance between the two classes is the maximum. The hallmarks of this classification reasoning are the support vectors chosen from the training set, and they are located on the closest points of both classes (Javed, Ayyaz, & Mehmood, 2007). In Figure 1, an example of support vectors and a maximum margin hyper-plane (in other words, an optimum separating hyper- plane) is shown (Cortes & Vapnik, 1995).</p>
Data and supplementary material for the paper "Development of an IntelliCage based Cognitive Bias Test for Mice."
<p>All raw data, R scripts for analysis and the supplementary material related to the paper "Development of an IntelliCage based Cognitive Bias Test for Mice." are available to the scientific public here. A preprint version of the paper will be published on bioRxiv. </p> <p>Version 2 contains R scripts, version 1 does not.</p> <p>Version 3: For better clarity, the data were saved as .ods files. Each .ods file contains the data for one developmental step. The R scripts are still available as .txt files. In addition, an ARRIVE checklist was added.</p> <p>Version 4: xlsx instead of ods fiels</p> <p>Version 5: Extended supplemet PDF file<br> Added GroupTwo_Entries and GroupThree_Entries txt files</p> <p>A pre-print version can be found at bioRxiv: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512853v1 </p>
Development and Evaluation of Virtual Reality Experiences for Cognitive Stimulation at the Sociosanitary Center El Carme
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06155721. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
A longitudinal study of motor and cognitive development in infants with congenital idiopathic clubfoot.
<p>Dataset of A longitudinal study of motor and cognitive development in infants with congenital idiopathic clubfoot.</p>
Interaction between Cognitive style and Gender when using Virtual laboratories in the development of laboratory skills of the Health Collages in Covied 19
<p>Interaction between Cognitive style and Gender when using Virtual laboratories in the development of laboratory skills of the Health Collages in Covied 19</p>
Cognitive flexibility supports the development of cumulative cultural learning in children
<p><span>The scale of cumulative cultural evolution (CCE), the improvement of cultural traits over generations via social transmission, is widely believed to be one of humans' most defining characteristics. Our capacity to build upon others' knowledge, skills, and technologies has produced the most diverse and complex technological repertoire on the planet. Despite growing interest in the field of CCE, the cognitive underpinnings supporting its development remain relatively understudied. In this study, we examined the role that cognitive flexibility plays in supporting cumulative cultural learning by studying U.S. children's (</span><span>N</span><span> = 167, 3-5-year-olds) propensity to relinquish an inefficient solution to a problem in favor of a more efficient alternative. We also examined whether children would resist revertin</span><span>g</span><span> back to earlier versions and omit redundant actions from previous behaviors. In contrast to previous work with chimpanzees, most children who first learned to solve a puzzlebox in a highly inefficient way switched to an observed, more efficient alternative. However, over multiple task interactions, 85% of children who did switch also reverted back to the original, inefficient method. Moreover, almost all children in a control condition (who first learned the efficient method before observing the inefficient method) switched to the inefficient method. This suggests that </span><span>children were keen to explore an alternative modeled solution but were overall conservative in reverting to their first-learned method across subsequent task interactions. We discuss these findings in the context of their implications for the cognitive ontogeny of CCE.</span></p>
Dataset from 'Billino, J., van Belle, G., Rossion, B., & Schwarzer, G. (2018). The nature of individual face recognition in preschool children: Insights from a gaze-contingent paradigm. Cognitive Development, 47, 168-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2018.06.007
<p>The folder contains a data file and a description file providing column labels.</p> <p>For further questions, please contact:<br> jutta.billino[at]psychol.uni-giessen.de</p>
Database on chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and its long-term development in patients with breast cancer - results from the observational CICARO Study
<p>Raw data and edited data on the observational CICARO-study on chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and its long-term development in patients with breast cancer</p>
Cognitive development among children in a low-income setting: cost-effectiveness analysis of a maternal nutrition education intervention in rural Uganda
<p><span>Inadequate nutrition and insufficient stimulation in early childhood can lead to long-term deficits in cognitive and social development. Evidence for policy and decision-making regarding the cost of delivering nutrition education is lacking in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). In rural Uganda, we conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the effect of a maternal nutrition education intervention on developmental outcomes among children aged 6–8 months. This intervention led to significantly improved cognitive scores when the children reached the age of 20–24 months. When considering the potential for this intervention's future implementation, the desired effects should be weighed against the increased costs.</span><span> This study therefore aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of this education intervention compared with current practice.</span><span> Health outcome data were based on the RCT. Cost data were collected via interviews with researchers involved in processing the intervention. This study considered a healthcare provider perspective for an 18-month time horizon.</span><span> The control group was considered as the current practice for the future large-scale implementation of this intervention. </span><span>A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed, including calculations of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). In addition, uncertainty in the results was characterized using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. The ICER for the education intervention compared with current practice was USD ($) 16.50 per cognitive composite score gained, with an incremental cost of </span><span>$265.79 and an incremental cognitive composite score of 16.11. The sensitivity analyses indicated the robustness of these results. The ICER was sensitive to changes in cognitive composite score and the cost of personnel, but the education intervention can be considered cost-effective compared with the current practice. The outcome of this study, including the cost analysis, health outcome, cost-effectiveness, and sensitivity analysis, can be useful to inform policymakers and stakeholders about effective resource allocation processes in Uganda and possibly other LMIC.</span></p>
Self-Help Plus to Enhance Early Development: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Maternal Mental Health, Child Cognitive Abilities, and Socio-Behavioral Skills Among South Sudanese Refugee Mother
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07062341. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Impact of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Development in Children Aged 6 to 24 Months
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06662045. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Digital Therapeutic Development of Virtual Cognitive-Affective Training for Opioid Use Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05034276. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Pilot Testing Into the Feasibility of the Developed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07235852. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Improving Growth and Cognitive Development of the Disadvantaged Young Children in Resource Poor Setting
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05805514. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Predicting Cognitive Development in Younger Stroke Patients Using the Oxford Cognitive Screen
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05612815. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 22.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.