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38 results for “cognitive reserve”
Effects of brain maintenance and cognitive reserve on age-related decline in three cognitive abilities
<p><strong>Objectives </strong></p> <p>Age-related cognitive changes can be influenced by both brain maintenance (BM), which refers to the relative absence over time of changes in neural resources or neuropathologic changes, and cognitive reserve (CR), which encompasses brain processes that allow for better-than-expected behavioral performance given the degree of life-course related brain changes. This study evaluated the effects of age, BM, and CR on longitudinal changes over two visits, 5 years apart, in three cognitive abilities that capture most of age-related variability.</p> <p><strong>Method </strong></p> <p>Participants included 254 healthy adults aged 20–80 years at recruitment. Potential BM was estimated using whole brain cortical thickness and white matter mean diffusivity at both visits. Education and IQ (estimated with AMNART) were tested as moderating factors for cognitive changes in the three cognitive abilities.</p> <p><strong> Results </strong></p> <p>Consistent with BM—after accounting for age, sex, and baseline performance—individual differences in the preservation of mean diffusivity and cortical thickness were independently associated with relative preservation in the three abilities. Consistent with CR—after accounting for age, sex, baseline performance, and structural brain changes—higher IQ, but not education, was associated with reduced 5-year decline in Reasoning (𝛽=0.387, p=0.002), and education was associated with reduced decline in Speed (𝛽=0.237, p=0.039). <strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Discussion</strong></p> <p>These results demonstrate that both CR and BM can moderate cognitive changes in healthy aging and that the two mechanisms can make differential contributions to preserved cognition.</p>
Effects of brain maintenance and cognitive reserve on age-related decline in three cognitive abilities
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Age-specific activation patterns and inter-subject similarity during verbal working-memory maintenance and Cognitive Reserve
<p>Cognitive Reserve, according to a recent consensus definition of the NIH-funded Reserve and Resilience collaboratory (<a href="https://reserveandresilience.com/">https://reserveandresilience.com/</a>), is constituted by any mechanism contributing to cognitive performance beyond, or interacting with, brain structure in the widest sense. To identity multivariate activation patterns fulfilling this postulate, we investigated a verbal Sternberg fMRI task and imaged 181 people with age coverage in the ranges 20-30 (44 participants) and 55-70 (137 participants). Beyond task performance, participants were characterized in terms of demographics, and neuropsychological assessments of vocabulary, episodic memory, perceptual speed, and abstract fluid reasoning. Participants studied an array of either 1, 3, or 6 upper-case letters for 3 seconds (=encoding phase), then a blank fixation screen was presented for 7 seconds (=maintenance phase), to be probed with a lower-case letter to which they responded with a differential button press whether the letter was part of the studied array or not (=retrieval phase). We focused on identifying maintenance-related activation patterns showing memory-load increases in pattern score on an individual-participant level for both age groups. We found such a pattern that increased with memory load for all but one person in the young participants (p<0.001), and such a pattern for all participants in the older group (p<0.001). Both patterns showed broad topographic similarities; however, relationships to task performance and neuropsychological characteristics were markedly different and point to individual differences in Cognitive Reserve. Beyond the derivation of group-level activation patterns, we also investigated the inter-subject spatial similarity of individual working-memory rehearsal patterns in the older participants' group as a function of neuropsychological and task performance, education and mean cortical thickness. Higher task accuracy and neuropsychological function was reliably associated with higher inter-subject similarity of individual-level activation patterns in older participants.</p>
Perioperative Cognitive Function - Dexmedetomidine and Cognitive Reserve
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00561678. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Age-specific activation patterns and inter-subject similarity during verbal working-memory maintenance and Cognitive Reserve
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A neural implementation of cognitive reserve: insights from a longitudinal fMRI study of set-switching in aging
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Supplementary materials for: Influence of cognitive reserve on cognitive trajectories: role of brain pathologies
<p><span><b>Background and Objectives:</b> </span>Evidence on the association of the cognitive reserve (CR) with the cognitive trajectories is limited. We aimed to examine the influence of CR indicator on domain-specific cognitive trajectories taking brain pathologies into account.</p> <p><span><b>Methods:</b> Within the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1,697 dementia-free participants (mean age: 79.6 years) were followed up to 21 years. CR indicator encompassing education, early-life, mid-life, and late-life cognitive activities, and late-life social activity was ascertained at baseline and categorized as tertiles (the lowest, middle, and highest). Global cognition, episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, visuospatial ability, and perceptual speed were assessed annually with 19 tests, from which composite scores were derived. During the follow-up, 648 died and underwent autopsies to evaluate brain pathologies. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results:</b> Among the participants, the score of the CR indicator ranged from -8.00 to 5.74 (mean: 0.00±2.23). In multi-adjusted mixed-effect models, compared to the lowest CR, the highest was related to a slower decline in global cognition (β=0.028, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.012 to 0.043), episodic memory (β=</span>0.028, 95% CI: 0.010 to 0.047<span>) and working memory (β=0.019, 95% CI: 0.005 to 0.033) during the follow-up. In brain pathological data analysis, the association of the highest CR with cognitive function changes remained significant among participants with high Alzheimer's disease pathology or gross infarcts.</span></p> <p><b>Discussion</b><span><b>:</b> High CR indicator is associated with preserved global cognitive function, episodic memory, and working memory, even in the presence of brain pathologies. </span>Our findings highlight the important role of high CR accumulation in the prevention of cognitive decline.</p>
The Effect of Cognitive Reserve on Outcome After Stroke or Traumatic Brain Injury
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05407948. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 30.
Effects of a Computerized Cognitive Stimulation Intervention Adapted to the Level of Cognitive Reserve
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06279325. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Cognitive Reserve and Response to Speech-Language Intervention in Bilingual Speakers With Primary Progressive Aphasia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05741853. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 15.
Implication of Cognitive Reserve in Non-pharmacological Intervention Outcomes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06563453. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
EMRESERVA to Enhance Cognitive Reserve in Multiple Sclerosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05546424. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 45.
Change in Connectivity After mTBI Depending on Cognitive Reserve
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05593172. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
Perioperative Cognitive Protection - Cognitive Exercise and Cognitive Reserve (The Neurobics Trial)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02230605. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Enhancing Cognitive Reserve of the Offsprings of Bipolar and Schizophrenic Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03722082. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Identification of a Resting Bold Connectome Associated with Cognitive Reserve - Data and code archive
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Supplementary materials for: Influence of cognitive reserve on cognitive trajectories: role of brain pathologies
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cognitive reserve in patients
<p>dataset for publication</p>
Use of Sevoflurane to Test Concept of Cognitive Reserve
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06490588. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Cognitive Protection - Dexmedetomidine and Cognitive Reserve
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00455143. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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