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opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Data from: Testing metabolic cold adaptation and the climatic variability hypotheses across the latitudinal range of a widespread, supratidal water beetle

Temperature significantly impacts ectotherm physiology, with thermal and metabolic traits varying with latitude but the drivers of this variation remain unclear, despite obvious consequences in the face of ongoing global change. This study explores metabolic cold adaptation (MCA) and the climatic variability hypothesis (CVH) to evaluate local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity of metabolic rates and thermal limits in two populations of the supratidal rockpool beetle Ochthebius lejolisii from localities experiencing contrasting thermal variability. Reciprocal acclimation was conducted under spring temperature regimes of both localities, incorporating local diurnal variation. Metabolic rates were measured by closed respirometry, and thermal tolerance limits estimated through thermography. In line with MCA, the northern population (colder climate) showed higher metabolic rates and Q10s at lower temperatures than the southern population. As predicted by the CVH, the southern population (more variable climate) showed higher upper thermal tolerance but only the northern population was able to acclimate upper thermal limits. This pattern suggests the existence of trade-offs in thermal adaptation in this species, likely increasing the vulnerability of populations on Mediterranean coasts to the projected increases in extreme temperatures under ongoing climate change.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Structure and Mechanism of a Cold-Adapted Bacterial Lipase

Input files and structures used to obtain computational results published in: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00087?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=AM&rel=cite-as">Structure and Mechanism of a Cold-Adapted Bacterial Lipase</a> DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00087 See included README file and publication for more details. Funding This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, and the Research Council of Norway through a Centre of Excellence and project grant (Grant Nos. 262695 and 274858). Computational resources were provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in Ecology Of The Cold-Adapted Species Nebria Germari (Coleoptera: Carabidae): The Role Of Supraglacial Stony Debris As Refugium During The Current Interglacial Period

Fig. 3. Sampling data are expressed as average Activity Density (AD: number of individuals per day of trap activity). Whiskers represent standard deviation

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in Ecology Of The Cold-Adapted Species Nebria Germari (Coleoptera: Carabidae): The Role Of Supraglacial Stony Debris As Refugium During The Current Interglacial Period

Fig. 1. Map with the position of the two sampling sites (Agola and Sorapiss). At the top left, a picture of N. germari taken on Sorapiss. (Photo by D. Dalpiaz and F. Pupin/ Archive MUSE)

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Evolutionary footprints of cold adaptation in arctic-alpine Cochlearia (Brassicaceae) – evidence from freezing experiments and electrolyte leakage

As global warming progresses, plants may be forced to adapt to drastically changing environmental conditions. Arctic-alpine plants have been among the first to experience the effects of climate change. As a result, cold acclimation and freezing tolerance may become increasingly crucial for the survival as winter warming events and earlier snowmelt will cause increased exposure to occasional frost. The tribe Cochlearieae in the mustard family (Brassicaceae) offers an instructive system for studying cold adaptation in evolutionary terms, as the two sister genera Ionopsidium and Cochlearia are distributed among different ecological habitats throughout the European continent and the far north into circumarctic regions. By applying an electrolyte leakage assay to leaves obtained from plants cultivated under controlled temperature regimes in growth chambers, the freezing tolerance of different Ionopsidium and Cochlearia species was assessed measuring lethal freezing temperature values (LT50 and LT100), thereby allowing for a comparison across different species and accessions in their responses to cold. We hypothesized that, owing to varying selection pressures, geographically distant species would differ in freezing tolerance. Despite Ionopsidium occurring under warm and dry Mediterranean conditions and Cochlearia species distributed often at cold habitats, all accessions exhibited similar cold responses. The results may indicate that physiological adaptations of primary metabolic pathways to different stressors, such as salinity and drought, may confer an additional tolerance to cold; this is because all these stressors induce osmotic challenges.

Fig. 9 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 9 – Polynomial regression graph between elytra width of Nebria castanea females and the springtail abundance.

Fig. 7 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 7 – Boxplots of elytra width of Nebria castanea females as a function of landform. p-value of N. castanea morphometric analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test, that evaluate the presence of significant differences in body size between landforms with ice (active rock glacier) and without ice (fossil rock glacier and scree slope). Asterisk highlights significant values.

Fig. 3 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 3 – Boxplot of Nebria germarii body parameters as a function of sex (F=female; M=male). p-value of the Kruskal-Wallis tests for N. germarii body size as a function of sex. Asterisk highlights significant values.

Fig. 5 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 5 – PCA analysis graphs. Blue stars=active rock glacier specimens; Gold squares=fossil rock glacier specimens; Green dot=scree slope specimens.

Fig. 6 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 6 – Boxplot of head width of Nebria germarii females as a function of landform. p-value of N. germarii morphometric analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test, that evaluate the presence of significant differences in body size between landforms with ice (active rock glacier) and without ice (fossil rock glacier and scree slope). Asterisk highlights significant values.

Fig. 2 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 2 – Dorsal view of Nebria germarii and representation of the measured body parameters. For the meaning of the letters see the text (Photo by A. Carlin).

Fig. 4 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 4 – Boxplot of Nebria castanea body parameters as a function of sex (F=female; M=male). p-value of the Kruskal-Wallis tests for N. castanea body size as a function of sex. Asterisk highlights significant values.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Data from: A range-expanding butterfly is susceptible to cold and long winters but shows no signs of local adaptation to winter conditions

Numerous species shift or expand their ranges polewards in response to climate change. Even when expanding species follow their climatic niches, expanding range margin populations are likely to face unfamiliar environmental conditions and thus natural selection for local adaptation. The wall brown butterfly (Lasiommata megera) has expanded northwards in Sweden in the years 2000–2020, most likely as a result of climate change, and has previously been shown to have evolved local adaptations to northern daylength conditions. This evolution has occurred despite hypothesised genetic constraints to adaptation at range margins. We studied local adaptation to winter conditions in four of the previously-studied L. megera populations, using a common garden laboratory experiment with a warm and short, an intermediate, and a cold and long winter treatment. We compared the winter and post-winter survival of caterpillars from two southern core range and two northern range margin populations in Sweden. During the experiment, we measured metabolic rates of a subset of diapausing caterpillars to test whether populations differ in metabolic suppression during diapause. Further, we measured supercooling points, which reflect lower lethal temperature in L. megera, of the same subset of caterpillars. We also compared supercooling points between L. megera and three closely related species with more northern distributions. Few individuals survived the coldest treatment all the way to successful adult emergence, so L. megera seems susceptible to cold winters. Individuals of northern descent did not survive cold winters any better than individuals from southern populations. Similarly, there were no signs of local adaptation in metabolic rates or supercooling points. The comparison among species did not reveal any clear relationship between geographical distribution and supercooling point. Although northern winters probably exert strong selection on L. megera, we provide comprehensive evidence for the lack of local adaptation to winter conditions. This contrasts with the previous finding of quickly-evolved local adaptation in diapause timing, highlighting the need to consider how traits associated with different seasons differ in how they may evolve and facilitate climate change-induced range expansions.