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125 results for “cold tolerance”
Data from: Heat tolerance is more variable than cold tolerance across species of Iberian lizards after controlling for intraspecific variation
<ol> <li>The widespread observation that heat tolerance is less variable than cold tolerance ('cold-tolerance asymmetry') leads to the prediction that species exposed to temperatures near their thermal maxima should have reduced evolutionary potential for adapting to climate warming. However, the prediction is largely supported by species-level global studies based on single estimates of both physiological metrics per taxon.</li> <li>We ask if cold-tolerance asymmetry holds for Iberian lizards after accounting for intraspecific variation in critical thermal maxima (CT<i><sub>max</sub></i>) and minima (CT<i><sub>min</sub></i>). To do so, we quantified CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> and CT<i><sub>min</sub></i> for 58 populations of 15 Iberian lizard species (299 individuals). Then, we randomly selected one population from each study species (population sample = 15 CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> and CT<i><sub>min</sub></i> values), tested for variance homoscedasticity across species, and repeated the test for thousands of population samples as if we had undertaken the same study thousands of times, each time sampling one different population per species.</li> <li>The ratio of variances in CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> to CT<i><sub>min</sub></i> across species varied up to 16-fold depending on the populations chosen. Variance ratios show how much CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> departs from the cross-species mean compared to CT<i><sub>min</sub></i>, with a unitary ratio indicating equal variance of both thermal limits. Sampling one population per species was six times more likely to result in the observation of greater CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> variance ('heat-tolerance asymmetry') than cold-tolerance asymmetry. The null hypothesis of equal variance was twice as likely for cases of cold-tolerance asymmetry than for the opposite scenario.</li> <li>Range-wide, population-level studies that quantify heat and cold tolerance of individual species are urgently needed to ascertain the global prevalence of cold-tolerance asymmetry. While broad latitudinal clines of cold tolerance have been strongly supported, heat tolerance might respond to smaller-scale climatic and habitat factors hence go unnoticed in global studies. Studies investigating physiological responses to climate change should incorporate the extent to which thermal traits are characteristic of individuals, populations and/or species.</li> </ol>
Data from: Heat tolerance is more variable than cold tolerance across species of Iberian lizards after controlling for intraspecific variation
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Measures of cold tolerance in diploid and triploid Daphnia clones exposed to two temperatures
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Data from: Distinct cold tolerance traits independently vary across genotypes in Drosophila melanogaster
The ability to cope with low temperature is a critical adaptation in thermally variable environments. Cold hardiness is comprised of several traits, including minimum temperatures for growth and activity, ability to survive severe cold, and ability to recover normal function after cold subsides. Across species, these traits are correlated and share physiological mechanisms, suggesting they were shaped by shared evolutionary processes. However, the extent cold hardiness traits and their associated mechanisms covary within populations has not been assessed. We measured five cold hardiness traits – critical thermal minimum (CTmin), chill coma recovery (CCR), acute and chronic cold tolerance, and cold-induced changes in locomotor behavior – along with cold-induced expression of two genes with known roles in cold hardiness (<i>Heat Shock Protein 70</i> and <i>Frost</i>) – across 12 lines of <i>D. melanogaster</i> derived from a single population. We observed significant genetic variation in all traits, but few correlated across genotypes, and these correlations were sex-dependent. Further, cold-induced gene expression varied by genotype, but there was no evidence supporting our hypothesis that cold-hardy lines would have either higher baseline expression or induction of stress genes. These results suggest cold hardiness traits possess unique mechanisms and may have the capacity to evolve independently.
Data from: Ovary development and cold tolerance of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) in the central plains of Kansas, United States
Environmental challenges presented by temperature variation can be overcome through phenotypic plasticity in small invasive ectotherms. We tested the effect of thermal exposure to 21, 18, and 11°C throughout the whole life cycle of individuals, thermal exposure of adults reared at 25°C to 15 and 11°C for a 21-d period, and long (14:10 hr) and short (10:14 hr) photoperiod on ovary size and development in Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) cultured from a recently established population in Topeka, Kansas (United States). Examination of the response to temperature and photoperiod variation in this central plains population provides insight into the role of phenotypic plasticity in a climate that is warmer than regions in North America where D. suzukii was initially established. We found both low temperature and short photoperiod resulted in reduced ovary size and level of development. In particular, reduced ovary development was observed following exposure to 15°C, indicating that ovary development in females from the central plains population is more sensitive to lower temperature compared with populations examined from the northern United States and southern Canada. We also provide evidence that D. suzukii reared at 25°C are capable of short-term hardening when exposed to −6°C following 4°C acclimation, contrary to previous reports indicating flies reared at warm temperatures do not rapidly-cold harden. Our study highlights the central role of phenotypic plasticity in response to winter-like laboratory conditions and provides an important geographic comparison to previously published assessments of ovary development and short-term hardening survival response for D. suzukii collected in cooler climates.
Genome-wide association mapping to identify genetic loci for cold tolerance and cold recovery during germination in rice
<p>To investigate the genetic architecture underlying cold tolerance during germination in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a novel diversity panel of 257 rice accessions from around the world and 5,185 SNP markers from a 7K SNP marker array. Genotyping was performed using a 7K Illumina iSelect custom-designed array by following the Infinium HD Array Ultra Protocol. The 7K array, called the C7AIR, was designed by Dr. Susan McCouch's Lab at Cornell University and consists of 7,098 SNPs (Morales et al. 2020, under review). After genotyping 257 rice accessions with the 7K array (C7AIR), poor-performing SNP markers (SNPs of call rate <90%; minor allele frequency <5%; or heterozygosity >20%) were removed from the dataset. For our study, a subset of 5,185 high-quality SNP markers obtained after filtering was used to perform the genome-wide association analysis. The dataset representing the genotype data of 5,185 SNP markers by 257 rice accessions is presented here.</p>
Divergence in cold tolerance promotes niche differentiation between diploid and polyploid kiwifruits along an altitudinal gradient in Southwest China
<p>Polyploidization is hypothesized to improve the freezing resistance of plants in cold regions. However, adaptive strategies and key physiological mechanisms involved in the freezing resistant ability of polyploids remain unclear. In <em>Actinidia chinensis</em> (kiwifruits), the tetraploids and hexaploids occupy higher altitude habitats with colder climates than the diploids, providing a study system to investigate mechanisms responsible for differentiation in freezing resistance between cytotypes. We characterized environmental conditions of their natural distribution areas, and measured leaf-level traits of cold damages and water relations at typical sites of each cytotype along an altitudinal gradient. Polyploids showed lower semi-lethal temperature (LT<sub>50</sub>) than ice nucleation temperature (INT), reflecting a tolerance strategy to cope with freezing events in the plateau regions. More negative turgor loss points and larger cell elastic modulus of polyploids could help to alleviate damages from freezing-induced cell dehydration, thus strengthening their tolerance to lower subzero temperatures (lower LT<sub>50</sub>). The increased supercooling capacity of polyploids (lower INT) might correlate with less extracellular ice formation due to lower osmotic potential at full turgor, apoplastic water fraction and tissue capacitance. Our study uncovers a greater cold tolerance in polyploid kiwifruits than diploids, and suggests the potential linkage between freezing tolerance and water relations. Taken together, such a divergence in stress resistance may underlie the niche shift of polyploid plants towards harsh environments.</p>
Cold tolerance of Trachymyrmex fungus gardening ants and Leucocoprinus symbionts
<p><span>Symbionts can have profound effects on host fitness, adaptations, and range distributions. </span><span>Stress-induced evolution is difficult to show in obligate symbioses, however, adaptive evolution within an obligate symbiosis can be investigated experimentally or by correlating trait variation with stress along an ecological cline (i.e., temperature-stress gradient).</span></p> <p><span>We investigated the cold-tolerance of the fungus-growing ant <em>Trachymyrmex septentrionalis</em> by performing cold-tolerance assays comparing two populations collected from either the southernmost range of their distribution (Bastrop, TX) or from a site that is approximately 600 km further north (Norman, Oklahoma). We first compared isolated fungal symbionts grown on artificial media to determine cold-tolerance of fungus alone. Subsequently, we conducted cross-fostering experiments between northern and southern host and symbionts to test for synergisms between the partners in generating adaptations of cold tolerance. </span></p> <p><span>Ants of the northern fungal populations were more cold-adapted then southern fungal populations. Northern nests were deeper and northern colonies initially rejected fungi from the southern population. The cross-fostering experiments demonstrated that only one partner must be cold tolerant to confer maximum cold-tolerance to the ant-fungus symbiosis, because northern ants growing southern fungus under cold stress performed just as well as northern ants growing northern fungi. </span></p> <p><span>Our results suggest that cold stress has been an important selective factor during the migration of this ant-fungus symbiosis into northern latitudes during the last 10,000 years, and that cold tolerance likely is an energetically demanding trait that may be traded off with other aspects of the symbiosis' life history. The symbiosis also appears to have evolved several additional adaptations that increase survival in cold environments, such as building deeper nests that insulate the fungi from cold surface </span></p>
What can cold-induced transcriptomes of Arctic Brassicaceae tell us about the evolution of cold tolerance?
<p>Little is known about the evolution of cold tolerance in polar plant species and how they differ from temperate relatives. To gain insight into their biology and the evolution of cold tolerance, we compared the molecular basis of cold response in three Arctic Brassicaceae species. We conducted a comparative time series experiment to examine transcriptional responses to low temperature. RNA was sampled at 22 °C, and after 3h, 6h, and 24h at 2 °C. We then identified sets of genes that were differentially expressed in response to cold and compared them between species, as well as to published data from the temperate <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. Most differentially expressed genes were species-specific, but a significant portion of the cold response was also shared among species. Among thousands of differentially expressed genes, ~200 were shared among the three Arctic species and <em>A. thaliana</em>, while ~100 were exclusively shared among the three Arctic species. Our results show that cold response differs markedly between Arctic Brassicaceae species, but likely builds on a conserved basis found across the family. They also confirm that highly polygenic traits such as cold tolerance may show little repeatability in their patterns of adaptation. </p>
Data from: Evolution of cold tolerance in the highly stress tolerant samphires and relatives (Salicornieae: Amaranthaceae)"
<p>Low temperature constitutes one of the main barriers to plant distributions, confining many clades to their ancestrally tropical biome. However, recent evidence suggests that transitions from tropical to temperate biomes may be more frequent than previously thought. Here, we study the evolution of cold and frost tolerance in the globally distributed and highly stress-tolerant Salicornieae (Salicornioideae, Amaranthaceae s.l.). We first generate a phylogenetic tree comprising almost all known species (85-90%), using newly generated (n = 106) and published nuclear-ribosomal and plastid sequences. Next, we use geographical occurrence data to document in which clades and geographical regions cold-tolerant species occur and reconstruct how cold tolerance evolved. Finally, we test for correlated evolution between frost tolerance and the annual life form. We find that frost tolerance has evolved independently in up to four Northern Hemisphere lineages but that annuals are no more likely to evolve frost tolerance than perennials, indicating the presence of different strategies for adapting to cold environments. Our findings add to mounting evidence for multiple independent out-of-the-tropics transitions among close relatives of flowering plants and raise new questions on the ecological and physiological mechanism(s) of adaptation to low temperatures in Salicornieae.</p>
Data for: An advanced systems biology framework of feature engineering for cold tolerance genes discovery from integrated omics and non-omics data in soybean
<p><span>Soybean [<em>Glycine max (L.) Merr.</em>] </span><span>serves as one of the most economically valuable crops globally, but it is sensitive to low temperatures during the crop growing season. Currently, agriculture around the world has faced more serious abiotic stresses due to climate change, so there is an urgent need to breed cold-tolerant cultivars to resist the changing environment. The cold-tolerant trait is a complex and quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes, environmental factors, and their interaction. A total of 56 soybean samples were used, including 28 resistant varieties and 28 susceptible varieties, in the field experiments. We selected 55 SNPs (which were mapped to 39 CTgenes) from the CTgenes for distinguishing cold-tolerant lines from cold-susceptible lines. The SNP data can be applied for soybean's cold-tolerant experiment, such as soybean marker-assisted selection, soybean varieties clustering, the systems biology analysis, and further validation. </span></p>
Estimating migration of the cold-tolerant leaf beetle Gonioctena quinquepunctata inside a mountain range in a spatially explicit context
<p>The cold-tolerant leaf beetle <em>Gonioctena quinquepunctata</em> displays a large but fragmented European distribution and is restricted to mountain regions in the southern part of its range. Using a RAD-seq-generated large SNP data set (> 10,000 loci), we investigated the geographic distribution of genetic variation within the Vosges mountains, where the species is common. To translate this pattern of variation in an estimate of its capacity to disperse, we simulated SNP data under a spatially explicit model of population evolution and compared the simulated and real data with an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach. For this purpose, we propose a new SNP statistic summarizing genetic variation in a spatially explicit context. The estimated number of effective migrants inferred with this statistic was compared to that derived from a combination of standard population genetic statistics often used in population genetic analyses. We conducted this ABC analysis with a relatively low number of data points compared to traditional ABC analyses, because spatially explicit models require long simulation times. A test of our overall strategy was conducted with simulated data and showed that it could provide a good estimate of the level of dispersal of an organism over its continuous geographic range. We suggest that the lower number of explored data points were at least partially compensated by the much larger number of simulations per data point associated with a large SNP data set. The results of our analyses suggested that this insect disperses well within the Vosges mountains, much more than was initially expected given the current and probably past fragmentation of its habitat and given the results of previous studies on genetic variation in other mountain leaf beetles.</p>
Data from: A test of the competitive ability – cold tolerance trade-off hypothesis in seasonally breeding beetles
<p><span>Closely related species that use similar resources often differ in their seasonal patterns of activity, but the factors that limit their distributions across seasons are unknown for most species. One hypothesis to explain seasonal variation in the distributions of species involves a trade-off between competitive ability and cold tolerance, where tolerance to the cold compromises competitive ability in warmer (benign) temperatures, either at the level of the individual or population.</span></p> <p><span>We tested both individual-level and population-level mechanisms of this hypothesis in two co-occurring species of temperate burying beetles (Silphidae: <em>Nicrophorus sayi</em>, <em>N. orbicollis</em>) that differ in their seasonal patterns of activity.</span></p> <p><span>We measured cold tolerance, breeding activity as a function of temperature, and competitive ability as a function of temperature and season.</span></p> <p><span>Consistent with our hypothesis, the mid-season <em>N. orbicollis</em> was less able to function at the cold temperatures that characterize early spring, when the early-season <em>N. sayi</em> is most active. The larger beetle, however, always won one-on-one competitive trials at warm temperatures, regardless of species, inconsistent with an individual-level trade-off. <em>N. orbicollis</em> was usually larger and successful when competing for the same carrion later in the season, mostly because of its larger population size, consistent with a trade-off between competitive ability and cold tolerance acting at the population level.</span></p> <p><span>Our findings suggest that cold temperatures limit the mid-season <em>N. orbicollis</em> from earlier spring emergence, while competitive pressure from the more abundant, larger <em>N. orbicollis</em> constrains the early-season <em>N. sayi</em> from remaining active through the summer.</span></p>
Effect of thermal acclimation on the tolerance of the peach fruit fly (Bactrocera zonata: Tephritidae) to heat and cold stress
<p>The effect of thermal acclimation on cold and heat tolerance of the peach fruit fly (<em>Bactrocera zonata</em>) was studied. Males and females were acclimated at 20, 25 and 30°C for up to 19 days following adult emergence. The critical thermal minimum (CT<sub>min</sub>) and maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) were subsequently recorded as well adult survival following acute exposure to chilling (0 or -3°C for 2 hours). Additionally, the survival of pupae subjected for two hours to temperatures ranging from -12°C to 5°C was determined.</p> <p>The raw data collected during this study is available in the provided data file.</p>
Fitness and cold tolerance of Spodoptera frugiperda fed on corn and two winter crops (Original data)
<p>草地贪夜蛾(FAW)草<em>地</em>贪夜蛾是一种主要的迁徙和多噬性害虫。FAW的越冬、迁徙和定植性状与植被和寄主适应性密切相关。在这项研究中,我们调查了春夏作物(玉米)和两种冬季作物(卷心菜,<em>芸苔</em>属和油菜,油菜,油菜)的产卵偏好,喂养<em>偏好,适应性</em>和耐寒性。结果表明,FAW可以通过喂食卷心菜和油菜来完成其生命周期,尽管健康状况不如玉米。以卷心菜为食的FAW存活率、雌蛹质量和宿主适宜性指数高于油菜,幼虫更喜欢以油菜叶为食,雌性更喜欢在油菜植株上产卵。此外,与玉米和油菜相比,以卷心菜为食的FAW幼虫从寒晕中恢复的时间最短,表明以卷心菜为食可提高FAW幼虫的耐寒性。因此,卷心菜可能是FAW的理想宿主,需要在冬季生存和繁殖。研究结果提高了我们对FAW寄主选择和适应的理解,为预测FAW冬季繁殖区奠定了基础。</p>
Cold comfort: metabolic rate and tolerance to low temperatures predict latitudinal distribution in ants
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Metabolic compensation has been proposed as a mean for ectotherms to cope with colder climates. For example, under the metabolic cold adaptation and the metabolic homeostasis hypotheses (MCA and MHH), it has been formulated that cold-adapted ectotherms should display both higher (MCA) and more thermally sensitive (MHH) metabolic rates (MRs) at lower temperatures. However, whether such compensation can truly be associated with distribution, and whether it interplays with cold-tolerance to support species' climatic niches, remains largely unclear despite broad ecological implications thereof. Here, we teased apart the relationship between MRs, cold-tolerance, and distribution, to test the MCA/MHH among 13 ant species. We report clear metabolic compensation effects, consistent with the MCA and MHH, where MR parameters strongly correlated with latitude and climatic factors across species' distributions. The combination of both cold-tolerance and MR further upheld the best predictions of species' climatic niches. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that the association of metabolic data with cold-tolerance supports better predictive models of climatic temperature and distribution in social insects than models including cold-tolerance alone. </span><span>These results also highlight that adaptation to higher latitudes in ants involved adjustments of both cold-tolerance and MRs, <span>to</span><span> </span>allow this extremely successful group of insects to thrive under colder climates. </span></p>
Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of ACZ885 in Pediatric Patients With the Following Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes: Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Muckle-Wells Syndrome, or Neonata
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01576367. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 7. Publications: 1.
Comparison of Efficacy and Tolerability of Two Cough Syrups in Cough Due to Cold in Children.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01968434. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of ACZ885 in Pediatric Patients With the Following Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes: Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Muckle-Wells Syndrome, or Neonata
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01302860. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 7. Publications: 1.
A Safety and Tolerability Study of BIVV020 in Adults With Cold Agglutinin Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04269551. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 6. Publications: 1.
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