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9 results for “collar camera”
Spatial behavior and diet data for discrete-choice analyses: data observed and classified from GPS video camera collars worn by female members of the Fortymile Caribou Herd across Alaska, USA, and Yukon, Canada
<p>Competition for resources and space can drive forage selection of large herbivores from the bite through the landscape scale. Animal behavior and foraging patterns are also influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Fine-scale mechanisms of density-dependent foraging at the bite scale are likely consistent with density-dependent behavioral patterns observed at broader scales, but few studies have directly tested this assertion. Here, we tested if space use intensity, a proxy of spatiotemporal density, affects foraging mechanisms at fine spatial scales similarly to density-dependent effects observed at broader scales in caribou. We specifically assessed how behavioral choices are affected by space use intensity and environmental processes using behavioral state and forage selection data from caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus granti</i>) observed from GPS video-camera collars using a multivariate discrete-choice modeling framework. We found that the probability of eating shrubs increased with increasing caribou space use intensity and cover of <i>Salix</i> spp. shrubs, whereas the probability of eating lichen decreased. Insects also affected fine-scale foraging behavior by reducing the overall probability of eating. Strong eastward winds mitigated the negative effects of insects and resulted in higher probabilities of eating lichen. Lastly, caribou exhibited foraging functional responses wherein their probability of selecting each food type increased as the availability (% cover) of that food increased. Space use intensity signals of fine-scale foraging were consistent with density-dependent responses observed at larger scales and with recent evidence suggesting declining reproductive rates in the same caribou population. Our results highlight the potential risks of overgrazing on sensitive forage species such as lichen. Remote investigation of the functional responses of foraging behaviors provides exciting future applications where spatial models can identify high-quality habitats for conservation.</p>
Spatial behavior and diet data for discrete-choice analyses: data observed and classified from GPS video camera collars worn by female members of the Fortymile Caribou Herd across Alaska, USA, and Yukon, Canada
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Selection of summer feeding sites and food resources by female migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) determined using camera collars
<p>Female migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) depend on the availability of summer habitat resources to meet the needs associated with lactation and the accumulation of fat reserves to survive when resources are less abundant. Because of the large scales at which habitat and resource data are usually available, information on how female migratory caribou select habitat and resources at fine scales in the wild is lacking. To document selection of summer feeding sites, we equipped 52 female caribou with camera collars from 2016 to 2018. We collected a total of 65,150 10-sec videos between June 1st and September 1st for three years with contrasted spring phenology. We determined the selection at the feeding site scale (3rd scale of Johnson) and food item scale (4th scale of Johnson) using resource selection probability functions. This data base contains the data of the behaviors observed, habitat used as feeding site, habitat unused has habitat, consumed and unconsumed resources, insect presence and other variables.</p>
Assessing the potential of camera traps for estimating activity pattern compared to collar-mounted activity sensors: A case study on Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in South-Eastern Norway
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>The diel activity patterns of animals convey information about physiology, ecological niches and animal behaviour relevant for both applied conservation and more theoretical research. However, these patterns are challenging to study in the field. The current gold-standard approach to quantify the movements and activity patterns of medium to large wildlife species is to use Global Positioning Systems (GPS) collars equipped with activity sensors (e.g., accelerometers). A more recent approach consists of inferring activity patterns from the time-stamped pictures of wildlife obtained from the camera traps now routinely used in wildlife monitoring projects. However, few studies have attempted to validate estimates of activity patterns obtained from camera traps against those obtained from activity sensors. In this study, we compared the diel activity pattern of the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx inferred from detections by a network of over 300 camera traps active between 2010 and 2020, to activity patterns obtained from 18 GPS-collared lynx (8 females, 10 males) equipped with 2-axis accelerometer sensors, in the same area of southern Norway. Our results suggest that camera traps can be used to estimate diel activity curves that are comparable to those obtained from accelerometers. In our study 75 detections were sufficient to approximate the diel activity pattern obtained from accelerometer. Subsampling indicated that a low number of detections results in a coarser approximation of the diel activity pattern.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Assessing the potential of camera traps for estimating activity pattern compared to collar-mounted activity sensors: A case study on Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in South-Eastern Norway
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Data from: Through the eye of a Gobi khulan – application of camera collars for ecological research of far-ranging species in remote and highly variable ecosystems
The Mongolian Gobi-Eastern Steppe Ecosystem is one of the largest remaining natural drylands and home to a unique assemblage of migratory ungulates. Connectivity and integrity of this ecosystem are at risk if increasing human activities are not carefully planned and regulated. The Gobi part supports the largest remaining population of the Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus; locally called "khulan"). Individual khulan roam over areas of thousands of square kilometers and the scale of their movements is among the largest described for terrestrial mammals, making them particularly difficult to monitor. Although GPS satellite telemetry makes it possible to track animals in near-real time and remote sensing provides environmental data at the landscape scale, remotely collected data also harbors the risk of missing important abiotic or biotic environmental variables or life history events. We tested the potential of animal born camera systems ("camera collars") to improve our understanding of the drivers and limitations of khulan movements. Deployment of a camera collar on an adult khulan mare resulted in 7,881 images over a one-year period. Over half of the images showed other khulan and 1,630 images showed enough of the collared khulan to classify the behaviour of the animals seen into several main categories. These khulan images provided us with: i) new insights into important life history events and grouping dynamics, ii) allowed us to calculate time budgets for many more animals than the collared khulan alone, and iii) provided us with a training dataset for calibrating data from accelerometer and tilt sensors in the collar. The images also allowed to document khulan behaviour near infrastructure and to obtain a day-time encounter rate between a specific khulan with semi-nomadic herders and their livestock. Lastly, the images allowed us to ground truth the availability of water by: i) confirming waterpoints predicted from other analyses, ii) detecting new waterpoints, and iii) compare precipitation records for rain and snow from landscape scale climate products with those documented by the camera collar. We discuss the added value of deploying camera collars on a subset of animals in remote, highly variable ecosystems for research and conservation.
Behavior and diet data collected from i) GPS video camera collars and ii) fecal samples collected from individuals from the Fortymile Caribou Herd
<p>Summer diets are crucial for large herbivores in the subarctic and are affected by weather, harassment from insects and a variety of environmental changes linked to climate. Yet understanding foraging behavior and diet of large herbivores is challenging in the subarctic because of their remote ranges. <a name="_Hlk82429015">We used GPS video-camera collars to observe behaviors and summer diets of the migratory Fortymile Caribou Herd (<i>Rangifer tarandus granti</i>) across Alaska, USA and the Yukon, Canada.</a> First, we characterized caribou behavior. Second, we tested if videos could be used to quantify changes in the probability of eating events. Third, we estimated summer diets at the finest taxonomic resolution possible through videos. Finally, we compared summer diet estimates from video collars to microhistological analysis of fecal pellets. We classified 18,134 videos from 30 female caribou over two summers (2018 – 2019). Caribou behaviors included eating (mean = 43.5%), ruminating (25.6%), travelling (14.0%), stationary awake (11.3%) and napping (5.1%). Eating was restricted by insect harassment. We classified forage(s) consumed in 5,549 videos where diet composition (monthly) highlighted a strong tradeoff between lichens and shrubs; shrubs dominated diets in June and July when lichen use declined. We identified 63 species, 70 genus and 33 family groups of summer forages from videos. After adjusting for digestibility, monthly estimates of diet composition were strongly correlated at the scale of the forage functional type (i.e., forage groups comprised of forbs, graminoids, mosses, shrubs, and lichens; <i>r = </i>0.79, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Using video collars, we identified i) a pronounced tradeoff in summer foraging between lichens and shrubs and ii) the costs of insect harassment on eating. Understanding caribou foraging ecology is needed to plan for their long-term conservation across the circumpolar north and video collars can provide a powerful approach across remote regions.</p>
Data from: Through the eye of a Gobi khulan – application of camera collars for ecological research of far-ranging species in remote and highly variable ecosystems
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Behavior and diet data collected from i) GPS video camera collars and ii) fecal samples collected from individuals from the Fortymile Caribou Herd
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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