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32 results for “collective decision”
Mitigating Biases in Collective Decision-Making: Enhancing Performance in the Face of Fake News
<p>Data supporting "Mitigating Biases in Collective Decision-Making: Enhancing Performance in the Face of Fake News". <br><br></p> <p> If you use this dataset in your own research, please cite this paper:</p> <p>```<br>@misc{abels2024mitigating,<br> title={Mitigating Biases in Collective Decision-Making: Enhancing Performance in the Face of Fake News}, <br> author={Axel Abels and Elias Fernandez Domingos and Ann Nowé and Tom Lenaerts},<br> year={2024},<br> eprint={2403.08829},<br> archivePrefix={arXiv},<br> primaryClass={cs.HC}<br>}<br>```</p> <p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>column name</strong></td> <td><strong>description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>treatment</td> <td>identifier for the set of headlines presented to the participant</td> </tr> <tr> <td>trial</td> <td>trial/round in which the headline was presented </td> </tr> <tr> <td>arm</td> <td>which "arm" the headline was presented as (0=left, 1=middle, 2=right)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>advice</td> <td>the participant's response (0=very unlikely, 0.25=unlikely, 0.5=undecided, 0.75=likely, 1=very likely)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>genuine</td> <td>whether the headline was genuine (1) or altered (0)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>headline</td> <td>the headline as shown to the participant</td> </tr> <tr> <td>original</td> <td>the headline before a possible alteration</td> </tr> <tr> <td>expert_id</td> <td>participant's identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sentiment</td> <td>whether the headline reported a negative (-1) or positive (1) outcome</td> </tr> <tr> <td>expert:ethnicity</td> <td>the participant's ethnicity</td> </tr> <tr> <td>expert:sex</td> <td>the participant's sex</td> </tr> <tr> <td>expert:age</td> <td>the participant's age</td> </tr> <tr> <td>outcome:white, outcome:black, outcome:young, outcome:old, outcome:male, outcome:female</td> <td>whether the headline reported a negative (-1) or positive (1) or neutral (0) outcome for the specified group</td> </tr> <tr> <td>trial_time</td> <td>how long the participant took to respond to the trial/round</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>abstract</strong><br>Individual and social biases undermine the effectiveness of human advisers by inducing judgment errors which can disadvantage protected groups. In this paper, we study the influence these biases can have in the pervasive problem of fake news by evaluating human participants' capacity to identify false headlines. By focusing on headlines involving sensitive characteristics, we gather a comprehensive dataset to explore how human responses are shaped by their biases. Our analysis reveals recurring individual biases and their permeation into collective decisions. We show that demographic factors, headline categories, and the manner in which information is presented significantly influence errors in human judgment. We then use our collected data as a benchmark problem on which we evaluate the efficacy of adaptive aggregation algorithms. In addition to their improved accuracy, our results highlight the interactions between the emergence of collective intelligence and the mitigation of participant biases. </p>
Preserving and sharing born-digital and hybrid objects from and across the National Collection (Decision-Making Model)
<p>When considering the complex challenges faced by cultural heritage organisations in collecting, preserving and sharing born digital and hybrid objects, it becomes clear that the process of defining solutions as a community of practice is in its early probing phase: characterised as tentative, exploratory, questioning, experimental. The workshops within this Preserving and sharing born-digital and hybrid objects from and across the National Collection project, which examined the case studies from multiple angles, yielded a richly discursive examination of the main considerations.</p> <p>This Decision Model represents an attempt to create a structured representation of those main considerations and the discourse from the workshops, to codify the main decision-making processes that an organisation may go through when assessing an acquisition of such an object, categorised into high level areas. It attempts to create a traversable system that could be used by collections professionals in their work - policy makers, managers, collections management or digital preservation practitioners, conservators.</p>
Photomorphogenesis for Robot Self-assembly: Adaptivity, Collective Decision-making, and Self-repair
<p>Self-assembly in biological systems is an inspiration for engineered large-scale multi-modular systems with desirable characteristics, such as robustness, scalability, and adaptivity. Previous works have shown that simple mobile robots can be used to emulate and study self-assembly behaviors. However, many of these studies were restricted to rather static and inflexible aggregations in predefined shapes, and were limited in adaptivity compared to that observed in nature. We propose a photomorphogenesis approach for robots using our vascular morphogenesis model---a light-stimuli directed method for multi-robot self-assembly inspired by the tissue growth of trees. Robots in the role of `leaves' collect a virtual resource that is proportional to a real, sensed environmental feature. This resource is then shared throughout the whole robot aggregate and determines where it grows or shrinks as a reaction to the dynamic environment. In our approach the robots use supplemental bioinspired models to collectively select a seed robot to decide who starts to self-assemble (and where), or to assemble static aggregations. The robots then use our vascular morphogenesis model to aggregate in a directed way preferring bright areas, hence resembling natural phototropism (growth towards light). In this assembly, they are adaptive and able to react to a dynamic environment by collectively and autonomously rearranging the aggregate, discarding outdated parts and growing new ones. In representative experiments, the self-assembling robots collectively make rational decisions on where to grow. Cutting off parts of the aggregate triggers a self-organizing repair process in the robots, and the parts regrow. All these capabilities of adaptivity, collective decision-making, and self-repair in our robot self-assembly originate directly from self-organized behavior of the vascular morphogenesis model. Our approach opens up opportunities for self-assembly with reconfiguration on short time-scales with high adaptivity of dynamic forms and structures.</p>
Collective Decision-Making and Change Detection with Bayesian Robots in Dynamic Environments
<p>The following folder structure holds all research data of my conducted experiments(h5-logfiles and plots). The Python-Script "show_h5.py" can be used to read out the logfile in h5-format (<em>$python3 show_h5.py expample_logfilename.h5</em>). However, this shouldn't be necessary because all plots are already generated.</p> <p>To find the results you want to see, this is a small guide through the structure:</p> <ol> <li> <p>First the trials are divided into the respective methods (PELT, DBB, DBBCPD). In the folders you find the experiments for the specific method.</p> </li> <li> <p>In the folder of PELT you find the results for the different feedback types and their combinations. The id for each feedback is noted in parentheses (e.g. XX_(id)_feedback_description). Feedback combinations have their ids added up (e.g. XX_(id1+...+idn)_feedback_description).</p> </li> <li> <p>In the folder to each feedback type the different test trials can be found. This means varying environment difficulties and parameter settings. In the name of the folders this information can be found (e.g. XX_method_environmentdifficulty_parametersetting).</p> </li> </ol> <p>All experiments follow the same procedure as long as it is stated otherwise. Each trial consists of 20 individual runs with a duration of 6000 seconds. At half time (3000 s) a change to the opposite fill ratio occurs (fill ratio of 1.0 defines a completely white and one of 0.0 a completely black environment).</p> <p><strong>Environment difficulty</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>0901 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.9 to 0.1</p> </li> <li> <p>0703 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.7 to 0.3</p> </li> <li> <p>0604 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.6 to 0.4</p> </li> <li> <p>055045 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.55 to 0.45</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Parameter Setting</strong></p> <p>The setting is in the name of the folder composed of: feedbackID: intervalLength amountNeighbors</p> <ul> <li> <p>3c:50s3n --> feedback 3c with a 50s interval and 3 neighbors</p> </li> </ul> <p>In these folders all plots of the respective runs can be found showing a Boxplot of all 20 runs and for each run the swarm belief, the decision distribution and the reset histogram (before/after the change)</p>
Videos from the paper "Best-of-N collective decisions on a hierarchy"
<p>Videos of the experiments performed with 100 agents in a square environment, with different hierarchical structures and different complexity of the decision making</p>
Data from: Habitat and social factors shape individual decisions and emergent group structure during baboon collective movement
For group-living animals traveling through heterogeneous landscapes, collective movement can be influenced by both habitat structure and social interactions. Yet research in collective behavior has largely neglected habitat influences on movement. Here we integrate simultaneous, high-resolution, tracking of wild baboons within a troop with a 3-dimensional reconstruction of their habitat to identify key drivers of baboon movement. A previously unexplored social influence – baboons' preference for locations that other troop members have recently traversed – is the most important predictor of individual movement decisions. Habitat is shown to influence movement over multiple spatial scales, from long-range attraction and repulsion from the troop's sleeping site, to relatively local influences including road-following and a short-range avoidance of dense vegetation. Scaling to the collective level reveals a clear association between habitat features and the emergent structure of the group, highlighting the importance of habitat heterogeneity in shaping group coordination.
Visual processing and collective motion-related decision-making in desert locusts
<p>Collectively moving groups of animals rely on decision-making of locally interacting individuals in order to maintain swarm cohesion. However, the complex and noisy visual environment poses a major challenge to the extraction and processing of relevant information. We addressed this challenge by studying swarming-related decision-making in desert locust nymphs. Controlled visual stimuli, in the form of random dot kinematograms, were presented to tethered locust nymphs in a trackball setup, while monitoring movement trajectory and walking parameters. In a complementary set of experiments, the neurophysiological basis of the observed behavioral responses was explored. Our results suggest that locusts utilize filtering and discrimination upon encountering multiple stimuli simultaneously. Specifically, we show that locusts are sensitive to differences in speed at the individual conspecific level, and to movement coherence at the group level, and may use these to filter out non-relevant stimuli. The locusts also discriminate and assign different weights to different stimuli, with an observed interactive effect of stimulus size, relative abundance, and motion direction. Our findings provide insights into the cognitive abilities of locusts in the domain of decision-making and visual-based collective motion and support locusts as a model for investigating sensory-motor integration and motion-related decision-making in the intricate swarm environment.</p>
Code and Datasets for "A simple mechanism for collective decision-making in the absence of payoff information"
<p>This repository contains R code and datasets used for analyses in the paper:</p> <p>"A simple mechanism for collective decision-making in the absence of payoff information"</p> <p>Published in <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</em> (PNAS) in 2023</p> <p>by Daniele Carlesso, Justin M. McNab, Christopher J. Lustri, Simon Garnier, and Chris. R. Reid.</p> <pre><code>✓ Ensure that all files are in the same folder for the code to run properly. ✓ the repository also includes a summary HTML file for easier visualisation. </code></pre> <p>Datasets:</p> <pre><code>• chain_growth.csv • cumsum_df.csv • growth_data.csv • GrowthMP.csv • JL_chaingrowth.csv • joining_distance.csv • leave_10.csv • leaving_positions.csv • timespent.csv • traffic_mean.csv </code></pre> <p>Code:</p> <pre><code>• Code.Rmd </code></pre> <p>Markdown summary:</p> <pre><code>• Code.html </code></pre>
Information collected during the post-breeding season guides future breeding decisions in a migratory bird
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Data from: Habitat and social factors shape individual decisions and emergent group structure during baboon collective movement
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Visual processing and collective motion-related decision-making in desert locusts
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Collective decision-making when quantity is more important than quality: Lessons from a kidnapping social parasite
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Data from: Sneeze to leave: African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) use variable quorum thresholds facilitated by sneezes in collective decisions.
In despotically driven animal societies, one or a few individuals tend to have a disproportionate influence on group decision-making and actions. However, global communication allows each group member to assess the relative strength of preferences for different options amongst their group-mates. Here, we investigate collective decisions by free-ranging African wild dog packs in Botswana. African wild dogs exhibit dominant-directed group living and take part in stereotyped social rallies: high energy greeting ceremonies that occur before collective movements. Not all rallies result in collective movements, for reasons that are not well understood. We show that the probability of rally success (i.e. group departure) is predicted by a minimum number of audible rapid nasal exhalations ('sneezes'), within the rally. Moreover, the number of sneezes needed for the group to depart (i.e. the quorum) was reduced whenever dominant individuals initiated rallies, suggesting that dominant participation increases the likelihood of a rally's success, but is not a prerequisite. As such, the 'will of the group' may override dominant preferences when the consensus of subordinates is sufficiently great. Our findings illustrate how specific behavioural mechanisms (here, sneezing) allow for negotiation (in effect, voting) that shapes decision-making in a wild, socially complex animal society.
Foraging through multiple nest holes: an impediment to collective decision-making in ants
<p>Raw Data: study investigating the impact of nest structure (number of nest entrances) on the ability of ant colonies to collectively exploit food resources and to select the most rewarding food source.</p>
Plasticity in Collective Decision-Making for Robots: Creating Global Reference Frames, Detecting Dynamic Environments, and Preventing Lock-ins
<p>Swarm robots operate as autonomous agents and a swarm as a whole gets autonomous by its capability of collective decision-making.<br> Despite intensive research on models of<br> collective decision-making, the implementation in multi-robot systems is still challenging.<br> Here, we advance the state of the art by introducing more plasticity to the decision-making process and by increasing the task difficulty.<br> Most studies on large-scale multi-robot decision-making are limited to one instance of an iterated exploration-dissemination phase followed by successful and permanent convergence.<br> We investigate a dynamic environment that requires constant collective monitoring of option qualities.<br> Once a significant change in qualities is detected by the swarm, it has to collectively reconsider its previous decision accordingly.<br> This is only possible by preventing lock-ins, a global consensus state of no return.<br> In addition, we introduce a task of increased difficulty as the robots must locate themselves to assess the quality of an option.<br> Using local communication, swarm robots propagate hop-count information throughout the swarm to form a global reference frame.<br> We successfully validate our implementation in many swarm robot experiments concerning robustness to disruptions of the reference frame, scalability, and adaptivity to a dynamic environment.</p>
Personalized Medicine Program on Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Characterization of the Patient's Genome for Clinical Decision Making and Systematic Collection of Real World Data to Improve Quality of Hea
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04212390. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 18.
Data from: Mid-sized groups perform best in a collective decision task in sticklebacks
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Data from: Collective decision making in guppies: a cross-population comparison study in the wild
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Data from: Sneeze to leave: African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) use variable quorum thresholds facilitated by sneezes in collective decisions.
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Collective decision-making appears more egalitarian in populations where group fission costs are higher
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.