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17 results for “collective decision-making”
Mitigating Biases in Collective Decision-Making: Enhancing Performance in the Face of Fake News
<p>Data supporting "Mitigating Biases in Collective Decision-Making: Enhancing Performance in the Face of Fake News". <br><br></p> <p> If you use this dataset in your own research, please cite this paper:</p> <p>```<br>@misc{abels2024mitigating,<br> title={Mitigating Biases in Collective Decision-Making: Enhancing Performance in the Face of Fake News}, <br> author={Axel Abels and Elias Fernandez Domingos and Ann Nowé and Tom Lenaerts},<br> year={2024},<br> eprint={2403.08829},<br> archivePrefix={arXiv},<br> primaryClass={cs.HC}<br>}<br>```</p> <p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>column name</strong></td> <td><strong>description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>treatment</td> <td>identifier for the set of headlines presented to the participant</td> </tr> <tr> <td>trial</td> <td>trial/round in which the headline was presented </td> </tr> <tr> <td>arm</td> <td>which "arm" the headline was presented as (0=left, 1=middle, 2=right)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>advice</td> <td>the participant's response (0=very unlikely, 0.25=unlikely, 0.5=undecided, 0.75=likely, 1=very likely)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>genuine</td> <td>whether the headline was genuine (1) or altered (0)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>headline</td> <td>the headline as shown to the participant</td> </tr> <tr> <td>original</td> <td>the headline before a possible alteration</td> </tr> <tr> <td>expert_id</td> <td>participant's identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td>sentiment</td> <td>whether the headline reported a negative (-1) or positive (1) outcome</td> </tr> <tr> <td>expert:ethnicity</td> <td>the participant's ethnicity</td> </tr> <tr> <td>expert:sex</td> <td>the participant's sex</td> </tr> <tr> <td>expert:age</td> <td>the participant's age</td> </tr> <tr> <td>outcome:white, outcome:black, outcome:young, outcome:old, outcome:male, outcome:female</td> <td>whether the headline reported a negative (-1) or positive (1) or neutral (0) outcome for the specified group</td> </tr> <tr> <td>trial_time</td> <td>how long the participant took to respond to the trial/round</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>abstract</strong><br>Individual and social biases undermine the effectiveness of human advisers by inducing judgment errors which can disadvantage protected groups. In this paper, we study the influence these biases can have in the pervasive problem of fake news by evaluating human participants' capacity to identify false headlines. By focusing on headlines involving sensitive characteristics, we gather a comprehensive dataset to explore how human responses are shaped by their biases. Our analysis reveals recurring individual biases and their permeation into collective decisions. We show that demographic factors, headline categories, and the manner in which information is presented significantly influence errors in human judgment. We then use our collected data as a benchmark problem on which we evaluate the efficacy of adaptive aggregation algorithms. In addition to their improved accuracy, our results highlight the interactions between the emergence of collective intelligence and the mitigation of participant biases. </p>
Preserving and sharing born-digital and hybrid objects from and across the National Collection (Decision-Making Model)
<p>When considering the complex challenges faced by cultural heritage organisations in collecting, preserving and sharing born digital and hybrid objects, it becomes clear that the process of defining solutions as a community of practice is in its early probing phase: characterised as tentative, exploratory, questioning, experimental. The workshops within this Preserving and sharing born-digital and hybrid objects from and across the National Collection project, which examined the case studies from multiple angles, yielded a richly discursive examination of the main considerations.</p> <p>This Decision Model represents an attempt to create a structured representation of those main considerations and the discourse from the workshops, to codify the main decision-making processes that an organisation may go through when assessing an acquisition of such an object, categorised into high level areas. It attempts to create a traversable system that could be used by collections professionals in their work - policy makers, managers, collections management or digital preservation practitioners, conservators.</p>
Photomorphogenesis for Robot Self-assembly: Adaptivity, Collective Decision-making, and Self-repair
<p>Self-assembly in biological systems is an inspiration for engineered large-scale multi-modular systems with desirable characteristics, such as robustness, scalability, and adaptivity. Previous works have shown that simple mobile robots can be used to emulate and study self-assembly behaviors. However, many of these studies were restricted to rather static and inflexible aggregations in predefined shapes, and were limited in adaptivity compared to that observed in nature. We propose a photomorphogenesis approach for robots using our vascular morphogenesis model---a light-stimuli directed method for multi-robot self-assembly inspired by the tissue growth of trees. Robots in the role of `leaves' collect a virtual resource that is proportional to a real, sensed environmental feature. This resource is then shared throughout the whole robot aggregate and determines where it grows or shrinks as a reaction to the dynamic environment. In our approach the robots use supplemental bioinspired models to collectively select a seed robot to decide who starts to self-assemble (and where), or to assemble static aggregations. The robots then use our vascular morphogenesis model to aggregate in a directed way preferring bright areas, hence resembling natural phototropism (growth towards light). In this assembly, they are adaptive and able to react to a dynamic environment by collectively and autonomously rearranging the aggregate, discarding outdated parts and growing new ones. In representative experiments, the self-assembling robots collectively make rational decisions on where to grow. Cutting off parts of the aggregate triggers a self-organizing repair process in the robots, and the parts regrow. All these capabilities of adaptivity, collective decision-making, and self-repair in our robot self-assembly originate directly from self-organized behavior of the vascular morphogenesis model. Our approach opens up opportunities for self-assembly with reconfiguration on short time-scales with high adaptivity of dynamic forms and structures.</p>
Collective Decision-Making and Change Detection with Bayesian Robots in Dynamic Environments
<p>The following folder structure holds all research data of my conducted experiments(h5-logfiles and plots). The Python-Script "show_h5.py" can be used to read out the logfile in h5-format (<em>$python3 show_h5.py expample_logfilename.h5</em>). However, this shouldn't be necessary because all plots are already generated.</p> <p>To find the results you want to see, this is a small guide through the structure:</p> <ol> <li> <p>First the trials are divided into the respective methods (PELT, DBB, DBBCPD). In the folders you find the experiments for the specific method.</p> </li> <li> <p>In the folder of PELT you find the results for the different feedback types and their combinations. The id for each feedback is noted in parentheses (e.g. XX_(id)_feedback_description). Feedback combinations have their ids added up (e.g. XX_(id1+...+idn)_feedback_description).</p> </li> <li> <p>In the folder to each feedback type the different test trials can be found. This means varying environment difficulties and parameter settings. In the name of the folders this information can be found (e.g. XX_method_environmentdifficulty_parametersetting).</p> </li> </ol> <p>All experiments follow the same procedure as long as it is stated otherwise. Each trial consists of 20 individual runs with a duration of 6000 seconds. At half time (3000 s) a change to the opposite fill ratio occurs (fill ratio of 1.0 defines a completely white and one of 0.0 a completely black environment).</p> <p><strong>Environment difficulty</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>0901 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.9 to 0.1</p> </li> <li> <p>0703 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.7 to 0.3</p> </li> <li> <p>0604 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.6 to 0.4</p> </li> <li> <p>055045 --> easy environment, fill ratio changed from 0.55 to 0.45</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Parameter Setting</strong></p> <p>The setting is in the name of the folder composed of: feedbackID: intervalLength amountNeighbors</p> <ul> <li> <p>3c:50s3n --> feedback 3c with a 50s interval and 3 neighbors</p> </li> </ul> <p>In these folders all plots of the respective runs can be found showing a Boxplot of all 20 runs and for each run the swarm belief, the decision distribution and the reset histogram (before/after the change)</p>
Visual processing and collective motion-related decision-making in desert locusts
<p>Collectively moving groups of animals rely on decision-making of locally interacting individuals in order to maintain swarm cohesion. However, the complex and noisy visual environment poses a major challenge to the extraction and processing of relevant information. We addressed this challenge by studying swarming-related decision-making in desert locust nymphs. Controlled visual stimuli, in the form of random dot kinematograms, were presented to tethered locust nymphs in a trackball setup, while monitoring movement trajectory and walking parameters. In a complementary set of experiments, the neurophysiological basis of the observed behavioral responses was explored. Our results suggest that locusts utilize filtering and discrimination upon encountering multiple stimuli simultaneously. Specifically, we show that locusts are sensitive to differences in speed at the individual conspecific level, and to movement coherence at the group level, and may use these to filter out non-relevant stimuli. The locusts also discriminate and assign different weights to different stimuli, with an observed interactive effect of stimulus size, relative abundance, and motion direction. Our findings provide insights into the cognitive abilities of locusts in the domain of decision-making and visual-based collective motion and support locusts as a model for investigating sensory-motor integration and motion-related decision-making in the intricate swarm environment.</p>
Code and Datasets for "A simple mechanism for collective decision-making in the absence of payoff information"
<p>This repository contains R code and datasets used for analyses in the paper:</p> <p>"A simple mechanism for collective decision-making in the absence of payoff information"</p> <p>Published in <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</em> (PNAS) in 2023</p> <p>by Daniele Carlesso, Justin M. McNab, Christopher J. Lustri, Simon Garnier, and Chris. R. Reid.</p> <pre><code>✓ Ensure that all files are in the same folder for the code to run properly. ✓ the repository also includes a summary HTML file for easier visualisation. </code></pre> <p>Datasets:</p> <pre><code>• chain_growth.csv • cumsum_df.csv • growth_data.csv • GrowthMP.csv • JL_chaingrowth.csv • joining_distance.csv • leave_10.csv • leaving_positions.csv • timespent.csv • traffic_mean.csv </code></pre> <p>Code:</p> <pre><code>• Code.Rmd </code></pre> <p>Markdown summary:</p> <pre><code>• Code.html </code></pre>
Visual processing and collective motion-related decision-making in desert locusts
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Collective decision-making when quantity is more important than quality: Lessons from a kidnapping social parasite
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Foraging through multiple nest holes: an impediment to collective decision-making in ants
<p>Raw Data: study investigating the impact of nest structure (number of nest entrances) on the ability of ant colonies to collectively exploit food resources and to select the most rewarding food source.</p>
Plasticity in Collective Decision-Making for Robots: Creating Global Reference Frames, Detecting Dynamic Environments, and Preventing Lock-ins
<p>Swarm robots operate as autonomous agents and a swarm as a whole gets autonomous by its capability of collective decision-making.<br> Despite intensive research on models of<br> collective decision-making, the implementation in multi-robot systems is still challenging.<br> Here, we advance the state of the art by introducing more plasticity to the decision-making process and by increasing the task difficulty.<br> Most studies on large-scale multi-robot decision-making are limited to one instance of an iterated exploration-dissemination phase followed by successful and permanent convergence.<br> We investigate a dynamic environment that requires constant collective monitoring of option qualities.<br> Once a significant change in qualities is detected by the swarm, it has to collectively reconsider its previous decision accordingly.<br> This is only possible by preventing lock-ins, a global consensus state of no return.<br> In addition, we introduce a task of increased difficulty as the robots must locate themselves to assess the quality of an option.<br> Using local communication, swarm robots propagate hop-count information throughout the swarm to form a global reference frame.<br> We successfully validate our implementation in many swarm robot experiments concerning robustness to disruptions of the reference frame, scalability, and adaptivity to a dynamic environment.</p>
Collective decision-making appears more egalitarian in populations where group fission costs are higher
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Data from: Interspecific shared collective decision-making in two forensically important species
To date, the study of collective behaviour has mainly focused on intraspecific situations: the collective decision-making of mixed-species groups involving interspecific aggregation-segregation has received little attention. Here, we show that, in both conspecific and heterospecific groups, the larvae of two species (Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vomitoria, calliphorid carrion-feeding flies) were able to make a collective choice. In all groups, the choice was made within a few minutes and persisted throughout the experiment period. The monitoring of a focal individual within a group showed that these aggregations were governed by attractive and retentive effects of the group. Furthermore, the similarity observed between the conspecific and heterospecific groups suggested the existence of shared aggregation signals. The group size was found to have a stronger influence than the species of necrophagous larvae. These results should be viewed in relation to the well-known correlation between group size and heat generation. This study provides the first experimental examination of the dynamics of collective decision-making in mixed-species groups of invertebrates, contributing to our understanding of the cooperation-competition phenomenon in animal social groups.
Data from: Seasonality in communication and collective decision-making in ants
The ability of animals to adjust their behaviour according to seasonal changes in their ecology is crucial for their fitness. Eusocial insects display strong collective behavioural seasonality, yet the mechanisms underlying such changes are poorly understood. We show that nest preference by emigrating Temnothorax albipennis ant colonies is influenced by a season-specific modulatory pheromone that may help tune decision-making according to seasonal constraints. The modulatory pheromone triggers aversion towards low-quality nests and enhances colony cohesion in summer and autumn, but not after overwintering—in agreement with reports that field colonies split in spring and reunite in summer. Interestingly, we show that the pheromone acts by downgrading the perceived value of marked nests by informed and naive individuals. This contrasts with theories of collective intelligence, stating that accurate collective decision-making requires independent evaluation of options by individuals. The violation of independence highlighted here was accordingly shown to increase error rate during emigrations. However, this is counterbalanced by enhanced cohesion and the transmission of valuable information through the colony. Our results support recent claims that optimal decisions are not necessarily those that maximize accuracy. Other criteria—such as cohesion or reward rate—may be more relevant in animal decision-making.
Data from: Collective decision-making in homing pigeons: Larger flocks take longer to decide but do not make better decisions
Social animals routinely are challenged to make consensus decisions about movement directions and routes. However, the underlying mechanisms facilitating such decision-making processes are still poorly known. A prominent question is how group members participate in group decisions. We addressed this question by examining how flocks of homing pigeons (Columba livia) decide their homing direction. We released newly formed flocks varying in size and determined the time taken to choose a homing direction (decision-making period) and the accuracy of that choice. We found that the decision-making period increases exponentially with flock size, which is consistent with a participatory decision-making process. We additionally found that there is no effect of flock size on the accuracy of the decisions made, which does not match with current theory for democratic choices of flight directions. Our combined results are better explained by a participatory choice of leaders that subsequently undertake the flock directional decisions. However, this decision-making model would only entirely fit with our results if leaders were chosen based on traits other than their navigational experience. Our study provides rare empirical evidence elucidating decision-making processes in freely moving groups of animals.
Data from: Seasonality in communication and collective decision-making in ants
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Data from: Interspecific shared collective decision-making in two forensically important species
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Data from: Collective decision-making in homing pigeons: Larger flocks take longer to decide but do not make better decisions
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.