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30 results for “colour ornaments”
Figure 2 in Scientific Opinion on a notification (reference C/NL/09/02) for the placing on the market of the genetically modified carnation IFD-26407-2 with a modified colour, for import of cut flowers for ornamental use, under Part C of Directive 2001/18/EC from Florigene
Figure 2. - Neobythites bimarginatus. Pelvic-fin length and horizontal eye diameter showing negative allometric growth.
Figure 1 in Scientific Opinion on a notification (reference C/NL/09/02) for the placing on the market of the genetically modified carnation IFD-26407-2 with a modified colour, for import of cut flowers for ornamental use, under Part C of Directive 2001/18/EC from Florigene
Figure 1. - Neobythites bimarginatus Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979. SAIAB 189024, SL 122 mm. From off Madagascar (photo M. Krag, ZMUC).
Pace-of-life syndrome: linking personality, metabolism and colour ornamentation in male guppies
<p>Within populations, there commonly exists consistent among-individual differences in behaviour. As a potential mechanism maintaining this variation, the pace-of-life-syndrome (POLS) hypothesis posits that consistent differences in the behaviour of individuals (i.e. 'personality') are intercorrelated and have coevolved with consistent individual differences in metabolism and life-history traits. Here, using adult male guppies, <em>Poecilia reticulata</em>, we tested under laboratory conditions (1) whether behavioural and metabolic traits vary consistently among individuals over time (≤ 7 days) and (2) the POLS prediction that repeatable behavioural traits should be intercorrelated with each other and with repeatable metabolic rate at the among-individual level. Furthermore, based on indicator models of sexual selection, we expected that sexually selected male colour ornamentation would predict individual personality and metabolic rate. We repeatedly assayed three behavioural traits (sociability, boldness, exploration) and three metabolic traits (resting metabolic rate, maximal metabolic rate, aerobic scope) in a set of males that varied in body size and colour ornamentation. All behavioural trait measures were repeatable, consistent with individual personality. Of the three metabolic traits, only resting metabolic rate (RMR) was repeatable. Behavioural trait measures were significantly intercorrelated and thus integrated in a behavioural syndrome. More 'proactive' males were bolder, more exploratory and more sociable than 'reactive' ones. However, contrary to the POLS hypothesis, <span>RMR</span>was not significantly correlated with any of the behavioural trait measures, suggesting that consistent individual differences in RMR do not drive or support differences in personality, or vice versa. Male colour ornamentation did not covary with behaviour or RMR and thus does not appear to be a reliable predictor of either behavioural or metabolic phenotypes. We therefore did not find any compelling support for the POLS hypothesis, suggesting that <span>individual differences in metabolism do not underlie the evolution and maintenance of among-individual behavioural variation in our study population.</span></p>
Pace-of-life syndrome: linking personality, metabolism and colour ornamentation in male guppies
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Data from: Fecundity selection on ornamental plumage colour differs between ages and sexes and varies over small spatial scales
Avian plumage colours are some of the most conspicuous sexual ornaments, and yet standardized selection gradients for plumage colour have rarely been quantified. We examined patterns of fecundity selection on plumage colour in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus L.). When not accounting for environmental heterogeneity, we detected relatively few cases of selection. We found significant disruptive selection on adult male crown colour and yearling female chest colour and marginally nonsignificant positive linear selection on adult female crown colour. We discovered no new significant selection gradients with canonical rotation of the matrix of nonlinear selection. Next, using a long-term data set, we identified territory-level environmental variables that predicted fecundity to determine whether these variables influenced patterns of plumage selection. The first of these variables, the density of oaks within 50 m of the nest, influenced selection gradients only for yearling males. The second variable, an inverse function of nesting density, interacted with a subset of plumage selection gradients for yearling males and adult females, although the strength and direction of selection did not vary predictably with population density across these analyses. Overall, fecundity selection on plumage colour in blue tits appeared rare and inconsistent among sexes and age classes.
Data from: Intrasexual selection favours an immune-correlated colour ornament in a dragonfly
Sexual signalling is predicted to shape the evolution of sex-specific ornamentation, and establishing the costs and benefits of ornamentation and the information that ornamentation provides to receivers is necessary to evaluating this adaptive function. Here, we assessed the adaptive function of a common colour ornament in insects, melanin wing ornamentation, using the dragonfly Pachydiplax longipennis. We hypothesized that greater ornamentation would improve territory-holding success by decreasing aggression that males receive from territorial rivals, but that more ornamented males may have shorter lifespans. Using mark–recapture field observations, we found that more ornamented males had greater territory-holding success and that viability selection did not act on wing melanization. We then compared the aggression of territorial rivals to decoy males before and after experimentally augmenting wing melanization, finding that males significantly reduced aggression following the manipulation. We next hypothesized that wing melanization would signal fighting ability to territorial rivals by reflecting condition via investment in the costly melanin synthesis pathway. We observed a positive relationship between ornamentation and the likelihood of winning territorial disputes, suggesting that wing melanization provides information about fighting ability to rivals. We also found a positive relationship between melanin-based immune defence and ornamentation, supporting a link between the signal and condition. We conclude that wing melanization is a condition-related signal of fighting ability and suggest that this may be a common mechanism promoting the evolution of melanin ornamentation.
figs. 19, 20 in Any colour you like: new records of ornamental livebearers (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes) from freshwaters of Argentina.
figs. 19, 20 Gonopodium of Poecilia reticulata from lot CI-FML 7808 (left) and from fig. 25D of Rosen & Bailey 1963 (right).
fig. 10 in Any colour you like: new records of ornamental livebearers (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes) from freshwaters of Argentina.
fig. 10 Xiphophorus hellerii 'red tuxedo', adult male from Parque Guillermina, Tucumán. 26°49'21"S, 65°15'30"W.
figs. 8, 9 in Any colour you like: new records of ornamental livebearers (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes) from freshwaters of Argentina.
figs. 8, 9 Phenotypes of Xiphophorus hellerii introduced to the Persis drainage in Iran. Male (left) and female (right).
figs. 1, 2 in Any colour you like: new records of ornamental livebearers (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes) from freshwaters of Argentina.
figs. 1, 2 Collection site of both species. Arroyo Bajo Hondo in Parque Guillermina, Salí River basin, Tucumán.
figs. 14, 15 in Any colour you like: new records of ornamental livebearers (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes) from freshwaters of Argentina.
figs. 14, 15 Gonopodium of Xiphophorus hellerii from lot CI-FML 7807 (left) and from fig. 25G of Rosen & Bailey 1963 (right).
fig. 12 in Any colour you like: new records of ornamental livebearers (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes) from freshwaters of Argentina.
fig. 12 Xiphophorus hellerii 'green tuxedo', female, Parque Guillermina, Tucumán. 26°49'21"S, 65°15'30"W.
figs. 4, 5 in Any colour you like: new records of ornamental livebearers (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes) from freshwaters of Argentina.
figs. 4, 5 Two sympatric phenotypes of Xiphophorus hellerii males in their natural habitat in Motzorongo, Veracruz, Mexico.
fig. 3 in Any colour you like: new records of ornamental livebearers (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes) from freshwaters of Argentina.
fig. 3 Location of the collection site in the Salí River basin, Tucumán, Argentina. 26°49'21"S, 65°15'30"W.
fig. 22 in Any colour you like: new records of ornamental livebearers (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes) from freshwaters of Argentina.
fig. 22 Poecilia reticulata, variety of males from different strains as probably sold in every aquarium shop around the globe
fig. 21 in Any colour you like: new records of ornamental livebearers (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes) from freshwaters of Argentina.
fig. 21 Poecilia reticulata, wild male, phenotype from Suriname, within the natural range of distribution
fig. 11 in Any colour you like: new records of ornamental livebearers (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes) from freshwaters of Argentina.
fig. 11 Xiphophorus hellerii 'red tuxedo', female, Parque Guillermina, Tucumán. 26°49'21"S, 65°15'30"W.
Data from: Colour ornamentation in the blue tit: quantitative genetic (co)variances across sexes
Although secondary sexual traits are commonly more developed in males than females, in many animal species females also display elaborate ornaments or weaponry. Indirect selection on correlated traits in males and/or direct sexual or social selection in females are hypothesized to drive the evolution and maintenance of female ornaments. Yet, the relative roles of these evolutionary processes remain unidentified, because little is known about the genetic correlation that might exist between the ornaments of both sexes, and few estimates of sex-specific autosomal or sex-linked genetic variances are available. In this study, we used two wild blue tit populations with 9 years of measurements on two colour ornaments: one structurally based (blue crown) and one carotenoid based (yellow chest). We found significant autosomal heritability for the chromatic part of the structurally based colouration in both sexes, whereas carotenoid chroma was heritable only in males, and the achromatic part of both colour patches was mostly non heritable. Power limitations, which are probably common among most data sets collected so far in wild populations, prevented estimation of sex-linked genetic variance. Bivariate analyses revealed very strong cross-sex genetic correlations in all heritable traits, although the strength of these correlations was not related to the level of sexual dimorphism. In total, our results suggest that males and females share a majority of their genetic variation underlying colour ornamentation, and hence the evolution of these sex-specific traits may depend greatly on correlated responses to selection in the opposite sex.
Data from: Proximate mechanisms of colour variation in the frillneck lizard: geographical differences in pigment contents of an ornament
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Data from: Colour ornamentation in the blue tit: quantitative genetic (co)variances across sexes
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