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84 results for “colour variation”
The genetic basis of structural colour variation in mimetic Heliconius butterflies
<p>Raw USAXS data from discal region of <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies (<em>H. erato </em>and<em> H. melpomene</em>). The data comes from wings of individuals of two intercross families, one from each species and was used to estimate scale structure variation and a QTL analysis.</p>
Data from: Variation in nuptial colour in relation to sex, individual quality and mating success in the sex-role reversed red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius)
<p>In most bird species, males are more ornamented and compete for females, who contribute more to offspring care. In a minority of species this pattern is reversed, with more colourful females competing for mates and males taking care of parental duties. In such sex-role reversed species, the links between colourful ornamentation, individual quality and mating success are not well established. The red phalarope (<em>Phalaropus fulicarius</em>) is a colourful sex-role reversed migratory shorebird with regular social polyandry, in which both sexes show considerable colour variation. Here, we describe sex differences in colour and quantify associations between colour variation and indicators of quality and mating success in both sexes. Using a large sample of photos collected across three consecutive years on the Arctic breeding grounds, we scored colour variation for four body parts (bill, crown, cheek and breast), and analysed scores separately and combined into an overall colour score. Females were more colourful and larger than males, and individuals could be unambiguously sexed by crown colour. Nevertheless, there was substantial variation within sexes and some overlap between males and females in bill, cheek, breast, and overall colour scores. Assortative mating by colour was only found for the bill. Colour variation did not correlate with plasma testosterone levels, except for male cheek colour. Females in better body condition had yellower bills and higher overall colour scores, while early-arriving birds had higher breast and overall scores. Phalaropes that bred locally were heavier than those that did not, but they did not have higher colour scores. Female colour variation did not predict the probability of local social polyandry nor variation in clutch size, and male coloration did not predict the probability of nest predation. In conclusion, phalarope colour variation showed modest correlations with individual quality and was unrelated to variation in local reproductive success. </p>
Dataset: Environmental conditions and male quality traits simultaneously explain variation of multiple colour signals in male lizards
<p>Dataset and R code associated with the following publication:</p> <p>Badiane et al. (2022), Environmental conditions and male quality traits simultaneously explain variation of multiple colour signals in male lizards. Journal of Animal Ecology, in press</p> <p>This dataset includes the following files:</p> <p>- An excel file containing the reflectance spectra of all individuals from all the study populations</p> <p>- An excel file containing the variables collected at the individual and population levels</p> <p>- Two R scripts corresponding to the analyses performed in the publication</p>
Fig. 5 in Variation in the colour and shape of capitula in Parkia bicolor (Leguminosae) illustrated by two watercolours from southern Nigeria painted by Dorothy Amaury Talbot (1871-1916)
Fig. 5. – Watercolour of Parkia bicolor A. Chev. by Dorothy Amaury Talbot, mounted upside down, the capitulum on the left
Fig. 2. – Parkia bicolor A. Chev. A in Variation in the colour and shape of capitula in Parkia bicolor (Leguminosae) illustrated by two watercolours from southern Nigeria painted by Dorothy Amaury Talbot (1871-1916)
Fig. 2. – Parkia bicolor A. Chev. A. Capitulum approaching anthesis, Korup National Park, Cameroon; B. Capitulum at anthesis, Bouvala, Ngounié Prov., Gabon. Images not to scale.
Fig. 1 in Variation in the colour and shape of capitula in Parkia bicolor (Leguminosae) illustrated by two watercolours from southern Nigeria painted by Dorothy Amaury Talbot (1871-1916)
Fig. 1. – The principal localities where the Talbots collected specimens of Parkia bicolor A. Chev. in south-eastern Nigeria, and Korup National Park, Cameroon, where Regine Grünmeier studied pollination and floral biology. [QGIS, http://www.qgis.org]
Figure 3 in Colour variations in the European tree frog, Hyla arborea (Linnaeus, 1758), from two small adjacent ponds in the Vojvodina province, Serbia
Figure 3. Two green colour variations: the typical, bright green a) and paler, yellowish b). Photos: Aleksandar Simović.
Figure 1 in Colour variations in the European tree frog, Hyla arborea (Linnaeus, 1758), from two small adjacent ponds in the Vojvodina province, Serbia
Figure 1. Two ponds where the frogs were observed: a) the larger one, near a settlement, overgrown with reeds; b) small, shallow pond with open water. Photos: Sonja Đorđević.
Figure 1 in Redescription of the ocellus-bearing cuskeel Neobythites kenyaensis (Ophidiidae), with new Southeast African records and remarks on intraspecific morphological and colour variation
Figure 1. – Map with sampling localities for Neobythites kenyaensis. Number of specimens indicated for localities with multiple occurrences.
Figure 4 in Redescription of the ocellus-bearing cuskeel Neobythites kenyaensis (Ophidiidae), with new Southeast African records and remarks on intraspecific morphological and colour variation
Figure 4. – Radiograph of Neobythites kenyaensis, SAIAB 98890, 102 mm SL (M. Lisher). Inverted colour version on bottom.
Pattern variation is linked to anti-predator colouration in butterfly larvae
<p>Prey animals typically try to avoid being detected and/or advertise to would-be predators that they should be avoided. Both anti-predator strategies primarily rely on colour to succeed, but the specific patterning used is also important. While the role of patterning in camouflage is relatively clear, the design features of aposematic patterns are less well understood. Here, we use a comparative approach to investigate how pattern use varies across a phylogeny of 268 species of cryptic and aposematic butterfly larvae, which also vary in social behaviour. We find that longitudinal stripes are used more frequently by cryptic larvae and that patterns putatively linked to crypsis are more likely to be used by solitary larvae. In contrast, aposematic larvae are more likely to use horizontal bands and spots, but we find no differences in the use of individual pattern elements between solitary and gregarious aposematic species. However, solitary aposematic larvae are more likely to display multiple pattern elements, whereas those with no pattern are more likely to be gregarious. Our study advances our understanding of how pattern variation, colouration and social behaviour co-vary across lepidopteran larvae, and highlights new questions about how patterning affects larval detectability and predator responses to aposematic prey.</p>
Рис. 3–20. Варианты окраски Mesobuthus eupeus. 3–7 – Северо-ЗапаΑный Гобустан; 8–10 – Северо-Восточный Гобустан; 11–14 – ЦентраΛьный Гобустан; 15–17 – Юго-Восточный Гобустан; 18–20 – Юго-Восточный Ширван. Figs 3–20. Colour pattern variation in Mesobuthus eupeus. 3–7 – northwestern Gobustan; 8–10 – northeastern Gobustan; 11–14 – central Gobustan; 15–17 – southeastern Gobustan; 18–20 – southeastern Shirvan. in Materials on the colour pattern variability of Mesobuthus eupeus (C.L. Koch, 1839) (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in southeastern Shirvan and Gobustan (Eastern Azerbaijan)
Рис. 3–20. Варианты окраски Mesobuthus eupeus. 3–7 – Северо-ЗапаΑный Гобустан; 8–10 – Северо-Восточный Гобустан; 11–14 – ЦентраΛьный Гобустан; 15–17 – Юго-Восточный Гобустан; 18–20 – Юго-Восточный Ширван. Figs 3–20. Colour pattern variation in Mesobuthus eupeus. 3–7 – northwestern Gobustan; 8–10 – northeastern Gobustan; 11–14 – central Gobustan; 15–17 – southeastern Gobustan; 18–20 – southeastern Shirvan.
Pattern variation is linked to anti-predator colouration in butterfly larvae
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Data from: Variation in nuptial colour in relation to sex, individual quality and mating success in the sex-role reversed red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius)
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Data from: Unscrambling variation in avian eggshell colour and patterning in a continent-wide study
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PCA coordinates describing dorsal colour pattern variation in 723 Morpho butterflies
<p>Species interactions such as mimicry can promote trait convergence but disentangling this effect from those of shared ecology, evolutionary history and niche conservatism is often challenging. Here by focusing on wing color pattern variation within and between three butterfly species living in sympatry in a large proportion of their range, we tested the effect of species interactions on trait diversification. These butterflies display a conspicuous iridescent blue coloration on the dorsal side of their wings and a cryptic brownish colour on the ventral side. Combined with an erratic and fast flight, these color patterns increase the difficulty of capture by predators and contribute to the high escape abilities of these butterflies. We hypothesize that, beyond their direct contribution to predator escape, these wing patterns can be used as signals of escape abilities by predators, resulting in positive frequency-dependent selection favouring convergence in wing pattern in sympatry. To test this hypothesis, we quantified dorsal wing pattern variations of 723 butterflies from the three species sampled throughout their distribution, including sympatric and allopatric situations and compared the phenotypic distances between species, sex and localities. We detected a significant effect of localities on colour pattern, and higher inter-specific resemblance in sympatry as compared to allopatry, consistent with the hypothesis of local convergence of wing patterns. Our results provide support to the existence of escape mimicry in the wild and stress the importance of estimating trait variation within species to understand trait variation between species, and to a larger extent, trait diversification at the macro-evolutionary scale.</p>
Data from: Carotenoid pigmentation in salmon: Variation in expression at BCO2-l locus controls a key fitness trait affecting red colouration
Carotenoids are primarily responsible for the characteristic red flesh colouration of salmon. Flesh colouration is an economically and evolutionarily significant trait that varies inter- and intra-specifically, yet the underlying genetic mechanism is unknown. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) represent an ideal system to study carotenoid variation as, unlike other salmonids, they exhibit extreme differences in carotenoid utilization due to genetic polymorphisms. Here, we crossed populations of Chinook salmon with fixed differences in flesh colouration (red vs. white) for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci associated with pigmentation. Here, the beta-carotene oxygenase 2-like (BCO2-l) gene was significantly associated with flesh colour, with the most significant SNP explaining 66% of the variation in colour. BCO2 gene disruption is linked to carotenoid accumulation in other taxa, therefore we hypothesize that an ancestral mutation partially disrupting BCO2-l activity (i.e., hypomorphic mutation) allowed the deposition and accumulation of carotenoids within Salmonidae. Indeed, we found elevated transcript levels of BCO2-l in white Chinook salmon relative to red. The long-standing mystery of why salmon are red, while no other fishes are, is thus likely explained by a hypomorphic mutation in the proto-salmonid at the time of divergence of red-fleshed salmonid genera (~30 MYA).
Morphological and phenological variation of flower colour morphs in a wild population of Opuntia streptacantha (Cactaceae)
<p>[ESP]</p> <p>Este repositorio contiene archivos .csv y .r, de los datos se utilizaron para el análisis estadístico del artículo de Manzanarez-Villasana y Mandujano en Plant Ecology and Evolution ( <a href="https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.112250" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.112250</a>)</p> <p>[ENG]</p> <p>This repository contains .csv and .r files of the data used for the statistical analysis of the article by Manzanarez-Villasana and Mandujano in Plant Ecology and Evolution (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.112250" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.112250</a>).</p>
Fig. 4 in Variation in the colour and shape of capitula in Parkia bicolor (Leguminosae) illustrated by two watercolours from southern Nigeria painted by Dorothy Amaury Talbot (1871-1916)
Fig. 4. – Watercolour of Parkia bicolor A. Chev. by Dorothy Amaury Talbot, mounted upside down,
Fig. 3 in Variation in the colour and shape of capitula in Parkia bicolor (Leguminosae) illustrated by two watercolours from southern Nigeria painted by Dorothy Amaury Talbot (1871-1916)
Fig. 3. – Map of the Oban District in south-eastern Nigeria prepared by Percy Amaury Talbot.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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