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7 results for “common waxbills”
Code and data from: Familiarity, dominance, sex and season shape common waxbill social networks.
<p><span>In gregarious animals, social network positions of individuals may influence their life-history and fitness. Although </span><span>association patterns </span><span>and the position of individuals </span><span>in social networks </span><span>can be shaped by phenotypic differences and by past interactions, few studies have quantified their relative importance. We evaluated how phenotypic differences and familiarity influence social preferences and the position of individuals within the social network. We monitored wild-caught common waxbills (<em>Estrilda astrild</em>) with radio-frequency identifiers in a large mesocosm during the non-breeding and breeding seasons of two consecutive years. We found that social networks were similar, and that the centrality of individuals was repeatable, across seasons and years, indicating a stable social phenotype. Nonetheless, there were seasonal changes in social structure: waxbills associated more strongly with opposite-sex individuals in breeding seasons, while in non-breeding seasons they instead assorted according to similarities in social dominance. We also observed stronger assortment between birds that were introduced to the mesocosm at the same time, indicating long-lasting bonds among familiar individuals. Waxbills that had been introduced to the mesocosm more recently occupied more central network positions, especially during breeding seasons, perhaps indicating that these birds </span><span>had</span><span> less </span><span>socially-differentiated associations with</span><span> flock members. Finally, individual differences in color ornamentation and behavioral assays of personality, inhibitory control and stress were not related to network centrality or association patterns</span><span>.</span><span> Together, these results suggest that, in gregarious species like the common waxbill, social networks may be more strongly shaped by long-lasting associations with familiar individuals than by phenotypic differences among group members.</span></p>
Data from: Multiple effects of weather on common waxbill group foraging and social behavior
<p>The weather poses challenges for wildlife. Environmental challenges can be responded to at the group level by social animals, but the influence of weather on group behavior is poorly understood. We investigated how the weather affects behavior in a gregarious species by monitoring common waxbills <em>(Estrilda astrild</em>) in a large mesocosm during five years. We found seasonal patterns on collective foraging, aggressiveness, and the structure of the social network, usually showing two cycles per year: one peaking in Spring and a smaller one in late Summer. Controlling for seasonality, we found behavioral changes related to increased energy demands on colder and/or cloudier days, such as more frequent and larger foraging groups that resulted in less structured social networks. Rain and wind disturb movement, and we found that on rainy days foraging group journeys became briefer and more synchronous, resulting in stronger associations between individuals and less structured networks, and that on windy days foraging groups were less frequent, larger, and with more within-group aggression. The results show that the weather has more varied effects than anticipated on ecologically-relevant group behavior. We discuss how such weather-related effects can improve predictions of how social animals will react to environmental changes.</p>
Data for: Bullying as an advertisement of social dominance in common waxbills
<p><span>Bullying consists of preferentially attacking individuals lowest in the dominance hierarchy, and its functions are unclear because the most subordinate individuals do not pose social challenges to the aggressor. Instead, conflict is expected mostly between individuals of similar dominance rank or socially-distant (i.e., weakly associated), among whom dominance relationships may not be well established. A possible function of bullying is that it may be used as a low-risk strategy of showing-off dominance to relevant third parties. To study this hypothesis, we monitored aggressions during feeding, the composition of audiences, dominance hierarchy and social network of common waxbills (<em>Estrilda astrild</em>) in an open-air mesocosm, and tested 1- whether their aggressions show a pattern of bullying, and 2- whether audience effects influence aggressiveness. Waxbills showed bullying, most often attacking the lowest-ranking individuals rather than socially-distant individuals or those of similar dominance rank, and aggressions increased when the audience included socially-distant individuals, indicating a signalling function of bullying. Showing-off dominance in the presence of socially-distant individuals may be a strategy to manage dominance hierarchies, avoiding direct fights with potentially dangerous opponents in the audience. We suggest that bullying is a safe manner of managing dominance hierarchies, by signalling dominance status to potential opponents.</span></p>
Data from: Multiple effects of weather on common waxbill group foraging and social behavior
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Data for: Bullying as an advertisement of social dominance in common waxbills
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Code and data from: Familiarity, dominance, sex and season shape common waxbill social networks.
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Data from: Signalling with a cryptic trait: the regularity of barred plumage in common waxbills
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