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100 results for “community organization”
SBC LTER: Reef: Kelp Forest Community Dynamics: Cover of sessile organisms, Uniform Point Contact
These data describe the cover of sessile invertebrates, understory macroalgae, and bottom substrate types as determined by a uniform point contact method. The presence of over 150 taxa of sessile invertebrates and macroalgae are recorded at 80 uniformly spaced points along permanent 40m x 2m transects. Multiple species can be recorded at any given point. Percent cover of a given species on a transect can be estimated from UPC observations as the fraction of total points at which that species was present x 100. The total percent cover of all species combined using this method can exceed 100%; however, the percent cover of any single species cannot exceed 100%. These data are part of SBC LTERs kelp forest monitoring program, which began in 2000 and was designed to track long-term patterns in species abundance and diversity of reef-associated organisms in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA. The sampling locations in this dataset include nine reef sites along the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel and at two sites on the north side of Santa Cruz Island. These sites reflect several oceanographic regimes in the channel and vary in distance from sources of terrestrial runoff. Data collection began in 2000 and this dataset is updated annually. The time period of data collection varied among the 11 kelp forest sites. Sampling at BULL, CARP, and NAPL began in 2000, sampling at the other 6 mainland sites (AHND, AQUE, IVEE, GOLB, ABUR, MOHK) began in 2001 (transects 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 at IVEE were added in 2011). Data collection at the two Santa Cruz Island sites (SCTW and SCDI) began in 2004. See Methods for more information. The two tables in this data package include: 1) The percent cover of sessile invertebrate and understory macroalage; and 2) the percent cover of bottom substrate.
SBC LTER: Reef: Seasonal Kelp Forest Community Dynamics: Cover of sessile organisms, Uniform Point Contact
These data describe the percent cover of sessile invertebrates and understory macroalgae within permanent plots of SBCLTER's seasonal kelp forest monitoring program to track long-term patterns in species abundance and diversity. Percent cover was determined using a uniform point contact method that consists of noting the identity and relative vertical position of all organisms under 80 uniformly placed points located within a 1 m wide band centered on permanent 40 m transects in each sampling plot. Each species may only be recorded once per point. Using this method, the percent cover of all species combined may exceed 100%, however, the maximum percent cover possible for any single species cannot exceed 100%. The experiment was initiated in 2008 at five reef sites along the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel.
Data from: Shift of bacterial and fungal communities upon soil amelioration is driven by carbon degradability of organic amendments
<p>Microbial communities of bacteria and fungi have been analyzed in soil. Agricultural soil was amended with different organic amendments including straw, compost, biogas residues, and biochar, and incubated in the lab. After 6 months, DNA extracted from soil samples was analyzed via Illumia MiSeq DNA sequencing (16S V3V4 for bacteria, ITS1 for fungi) to evaluate changes to the microbial community structure.</p> <p>For details, please see the respective publication (DOI: 10.1007/s44378-024-00012-5).</p>
Enrichment and characterisation of a mixed-source ethanologenic community degrading the organic fraction of municipal solid waste under minimal environmental control
<p>The spread sheets in this workbook correspond to the datasets evaluating different inocula sources for ethanol (EtOH) production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OMSW) at initially acid and neutral pH, and initially aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>
Figure 3 in Organic farming and moderate tillage change the dominance and spatial structure of soil Collembola communities but have little effects on bulk abundance and species richness
Figure 3. Abundance, number of species and Berger-Parker index in samples in different management types and fields. Colors show fields. Boxplots show data distribution (n = 81 per field), horizontal lines represent the medians.
Figure 3 in Comparison of soil invertebrate communities in organic and conventional production systems in Southern Brazil
Figure 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot showing the relationship between macrofauna taxa (black text) and soil chemical and physical properties (red text) of samples taken in four land-use system in Quitandinha, Brazil. NF = Native forest, OH = Organic horticulture, RT = Reduced tillage, CH = Conventional horticulture.
Text-fig. 1. Torres Vedras site. Arrow point to the organic rich horizon where the fossils described here were collected. in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 1. Torres Vedras site. Arrow point to the organic rich horizon where the fossils described here were collected.
Figure 3 in Oribatid mites of conventional and organic vineyards in the Valencian Community, Spain
Figure 3 Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) in studied plots in El Poble Nou de Benitatxell: Tr – zone between rows driven by a tractor, Vi– zone between vines, Bo – border; 12 most abundant species (withD> 5) are underlined; eigenvalues for axes 1 and 2 are 0.54 and
Figure 2 in Oribatid mites of conventional and organic vineyards in the Valencian Community, Spain
Figure 2 Mean temperature (°C) and sum of precipitation (mm) in all months of years 2014 and 2015 in El Poble Nou de Benitatxell (data
Data for "Segmenting functional tissue units across human organs using community-driven development of generalizable machine learning algorithms"
<p>This repository contains the data and external data used by teams in the Kaggle competition "HuBMAP+HPA - Hacking the Human Body" and is part of the paper "Segmenting functional tissue units across human organs using community-driven development of generalizable machine learning algorithms".</p> <p>The directories contain:</p> <p><strong>data.zip:</strong> The training and test data, including metadata, used in the Kaggle competition "HuBMAP + HPA - Hacking the Human Body".</p> <p><strong>Team_1.zip: </strong>External data used by the first place winning solution.</p> <p><strong>Team_2.zip: </strong>External data used by the second place winning solution.</p>
Trained Models for "Segmenting functional tissue units across human organs using community-driven development of generalizable machine learning algorithms"
<p>This repository contains the trained model weights for the baseline model and the winning solutions in the Kaggle competition "HuBMAP+HPA - Hacking the Human Body", and is part of the paper "Segmenting functional tissue units across human organs using community-driven development of generalizable machine learning algorithms".</p> <p>The directory contains:</p> <p><strong>trained_model_1_weights.zip: </strong>Trained model weights for first place solution (Team 1).</p> <p><strong>trained_model_2_weights.zip:</strong> Trained model weights for second place solution (Team 2).</p> <p><strong>trained_model_3_weights.zip: </strong>Trained model weights for third place solution (Team 3).</p> <p><strong>trained_model_weights_baseline.zip:</strong> Trained model weights for the baseline model.</p>
Impacts of an omnivorous ungulate on plant communities and soil organic carbon
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Responses of subsoil organic carbon to climate warming and cooling is determined by microbial community rather than its molecular composition
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Plant and soil organic matter responses to ten years of nutrient enrichment in the Nutrient Network:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Data from: Contrasting patterns of functional diversity in coffee root fungal communities associated with organic and conventionally-managed fields
<p>The structure and function of fungal communities in the coffee rhizosphere is shaped by crop environment. Because coffee can be grown along a management continuum from conventional application of pesticides and fertilizers in full sun to organic management in a shaded understory, we used coffee fields to hold host constant while comparing rhizosphere fungal communities in markedly different environmental conditions with regard to shade and inputs. We characterized the shade and soil environment in 25 fields under conventional, organic or transitional management in two regions of Costa Rica. We amplified the ITS2 region of fungal DNA from coffee roots in these fields and characterized the rhizosphere fungal community via high-throughput sequencing. Sequences were assigned to guilds to determine differences in functional diversity and trophic structure among coffee field environments. Organic fields had more shade, a greater richness of shade tree species, more leaf litter, and were less acidic, with lower soil nitrate availability and higher soil copper, calcium, and magnesium than conventionally-managed fields, although differences between organic and conventionally-managed fields in shade, calcium and magnesium depended on region. Differences in richness and community composition of rhizosphere fungi between organic and conventionally-managed fields were also correlated with shade, soil acidity, nitrate, and copper. Trophic structure differed with coffee field management. Saprotrophs, plant pathogens, and mycoparasites were more diverse and plant pathogens were more abundant in organic than in conventionally-managed fields, while saprotroph-plant pathogens were more abundant in conventionally-managed fields. These differences reflected environmental differences and depended on region.</p> <p><b>IMPORTANCE</b></p> <p>Rhizosphere fungi play key roles in ecosystems, as nutrient cyclers, pathogens, and mutualists, yet little is currently known about which environmental factors and how agricultural management shape rhizosphere fungal communities and their functional diversity. This field study of the coffee agroecosystem suggests that organic management not only fosters a greater overall diversity of fungi, but also maintains a greater richness of saprotrophic, plant pathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi that has implications for efficiency of nutrient cycling and regulation of plant pathogen populations in agricultural systems. As well as influencing community composition and richness of rhizosphere fungi, shade management and use of fungicides and synthetic fertilizers altered the trophic structure of the coffee agroecosystem.</p>
Ecoregional patterns of protist communities in mineral and organic soils: assembly processes, functional traits and diversity of testate amoebae in Northern Eurasia
<p>TA_Traits.csv file includes trait data for testate amoebae. TA_Abundance.csv file includes environmental variables (soil type and region) and relative abundance data of testate amoebae.</p>
comspat: an R package to analyze within-community spatial organization using species combinations
<p>The diversity of species combinations observable in sampling units reflects a species' uneven distribution and preference for specific abiotic and biotic conditions – a phenomenon most commonly expressed in terms of ecological assembly rules of plant communities and other sessile organisms (e.g., subtidal algae, invertebrates and coral reefs). We present comspat, a new R package that uses grid or transect data sets to measure the number of realized (observed) species combinations (NRC) and the Shannon diversity of realized species combinations (compositional diversity; CD) as a function of spatial scale. NRC and CD represent two measures from a model family developed by Pál Juhász-Nagy based on Information Theory. Classical Shannon diversity measures biodiversity based on the number and relative abundance of species, whereas the specific version of Shannon diversity presented here characterizes biodiversity and provides information on species coexistence relationships; both measures operate at fine-scale within the sampling unit or within the community. comspat offers two commonly applied null models, complete spatial randomness and random shift, to disentangle the textural, intraspecific, and interspecific effects on the observed spatial patterns. Combined, these models assist users in detecting and interpreting spatial associations and inferring assembly mechanisms. Our open-sourced package provides a vignette that describes the method and reproduces the figures from this paper to help users contextualize and apply functions to their data.</p>
Soil microbial diversity and community composition during conversion from conventional to organic agriculture
<p>It is generally assumed that the dependence of conventional agriculture on artificial fertilizers and pesticides strongly impacts the environment, while organic agriculture relying more on microbial functioning may mitigate these impacts. However, it is not well known how microbial diversity and community composition change in conventionally managed farmers' fields that are converted to organic management. Here, we sequenced bacterial and fungal communities of 34 organic fields on sand and marine clay soils in a time series (chronosequence) covering 25 years of conversion. Nearby conventional fields were used as references. We found that community composition of bacteria and fungi differed between organic and conventionally managed fields. In the organic fields, fungal diversity increased with time since conversion. However, this effect disappeared when the conventional paired fields were included. There was a relationship between pH and soil organic matter content and the diversity and community composition of bacteria and fungi. In marine clay soils, when time since organic management increased, fungal communities in organic fields became more dissimilar to those in conventional fields. We conclude that conversion to organic management in these Dutch farmers' fields did not increase microbial community diversity. Instead, we observed that in organic fields in marine clay when time since conversion increased soil fungal community composition became progressively dissimilar from that in conventional fields. Our results also showed that the paired sampling approach of organic and conventional fields was essential in order to control for environmental variation that was otherwise unaccounted for.</p>
Figure 1 in Oribatid mites of conventional and organic vineyards in the Valencian Community, Spain
Figure 1 Locality of the study plots in El Poble Nou de Benitatxell.
Datasets for: Primary production and habitat stability organize marine communities
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The emergence of pattern in the natural world can carry important messages about underlying processes. For example, collections of broadly similar terrestrial ecosystems have historically been categorized as biomes – groupings of systems which sort along energetic and structural process axes. In marine systems however, a similar classification of biomes has not emerged. The aim here is to develop an effective classification scheme for marine biomes and communities.</p> <p><strong>Approach: </strong>Candidate predictor variables that could explain pattern and process in differentiating marine communities, such as light, nutrients, depth, etc., were collected from the existing literature with a systematic review. The candidate predictors were then evaluated in an inductive process, allowing community level observations to demonstrate patterns across marine biomes. Marine biomes and communities were identified <i>a priori</i>,<i> </i>and emergent patterns were evaluated quantitatively, via Principal Component ordination based on the vectors of explanatory predictors, and qualitatively via mapping.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gross primary production and substrate mobility not only effectively sort marine biomes, but also work on finer scales discriminating communities within biomes. As a result, these predictors were more effective in classifying marine communities than other scales, such as available light and nutrients. The richness of this classification is also demonstrated in revealing other patterns, such as the distribution of human impacts. The effectiveness of this mapping provides support for, but is not a test of, the hypothesis that primary production and substrate mobility are important underlying processes that interact to structure marine ecosystems.<i> </i></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.