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20 results for “community trajectory”
Mesofauna community influences litter chemical trajectories during early-stage litter decay in compost
Decomposition of organic material is a fundamental ecosystem process, the rate of which is moderated by both litter chemistry and decomposer communities. Because litter chemistry changes throughout decomposition, we would expect the decomposer food web to interact with these changes in their basal resource to alter the trajectories of chemical changes during decay. To investigate how decomposer mesofauna influence patterns of litter chemical change throughout early stages of decay, we tracked mass loss, macro- and micronutrient elements, and fiber chemistry dynamics in Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii) leaves decomposed under optimal decay conditions in a biotically diverse compost pile. By using litterbags of two different mesh sizes to manipulate the mesofauna gaining access to the litter, we record how the complexity of the soil mesofauna community changes the trajectory of litter chemistry.
Long-term coastal macrobenthic Community Trajectory Analysis reveals habitat-dependent stability patterns
<p>Long-term monitoring programs are fundamental to detecting changes in ecosystem health and understanding ecological processes. In the current context of increasing anthropogenic threats on marine ecosystems, understanding the dynamics and response of communities becomes essential. We used data collected over 14 years in the REBENT benthic coastal invertebrates monitoring program, at a regional scale in the North-East Atlantic, covering a total of 26 sites and 979 taxa. Four distinct habitats were studied: two biogenic habitats associated with foundation species in the intertidal and subtidal zones and two bare sedimentary habitats in the same respective tidal zones. We used Community Trajectory Analysis, a statistical approach that allows for quantitative measures and comparisons of temporal trajectories of ecosystems. We compared observed community trajectories to trajectories simulated under a non-directional null model in order to better understand the dynamics of the communities, their potential drivers, and the role of the studied habitats in these dynamics. Despite strong differences in the community compositions between sites and habitats, the communities followed non-directional dynamics during the 14 years monitored, which suggested stability at the regional scale. However, the shape, size, and direction of the trajectories of benthic communities were more similar within than among habitats, also suggesting the influence of the nature of the habitat on community dynamics. Results showed a higher variability in community composition in the first years of the monitoring in the intertidal bare habitat and confirmed the role of biogenic habitats in maintaining temporal stability. They also highlighted the need to apprehend the role of transient and rare species and the scale of observation in temporal beta diversity analyses. Finally, our study confirmed the usefulness of Community Trajectory Analysis to link observed trajectory patterns to fundamental ecological processes.</p>
Fluvial geomorphic evolution and stream fish community trajectories in the Bayou Pierre, Mississippi
<p>Changing environments place stresses on ecosystems, and are contributing to widespread losses of biodiversity and ecosystem function. Comparisons of historical and contemporary data offer considerable utility in understanding how ecosystems respond to, adapt to, or recover from changing environments. Stream fishes offer a particularly interesting study system for this topic, as streams are naturally dynamic environments and human needs have placed increasing pressure on aquatic systems. The effects of fine sediments on stream fishes and aquatic ecosystems more broadly have been well studied. Yet studies from fluvial geomorphology have resulted in models of watershed morphological evolution which encompass far broader processes and changes to aquatic systems. Our dataset integrates a fluvial geomorphic approach to characterize stream channel and habitat evolution over a four decade period in the Bayou Pierre, Mississippi, an ecological approach to study related change in stream fish communities in the same watershed, and analyses linking the two. Fluvial geomorphic processes were characterized both from remote sensing data sources for historic and contemporary time periods, and local fish habitat data for contemporary time periods. Historical fish community data were extracted from museum records, and contemporary fish community data were collected via sampling for fishes at the same localities as historic efforts using similar methods.</p>
Fluvial geomorphic evolution and stream fish community trajectories in the Bayou Pierre, Mississippi
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Long-term coastal macrobenthic Community Trajectory Analysis reveals habitat-dependent stability patterns
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Data from: Plant selection initiates alternative successional trajectories in the soil microbial community after disturbance
Because interactions between plants and microbial organisms can influence species diversity and rates of nutrient cycling, how plants shape microbial communities is fundamental to understanding the structure of ecosystems. Despite this, the spatial and temporal scales over which plants influence microbial communities is poorly understood, particularly whether past abiotic or biotic legacies strongly constrain microbial community development. We examined biogeochemical cycling and microbial community structure in a coastal landscape where historical patterns of vegetation transition after a large fire in 1995 are well known, allowing us to account for past abiotic and biotic conditions. We found that alternative states in microbial community structure and ecosystem processes emerged under different plant species, regardless of past conditions. Greenhouse studies further demonstrated that these differences arise from direct plant selection of microbes, with selection stronger in roots compared with soils, especially for bacteria. Correlation of microbial community structure with seedling growth rates was also stronger for fungi compared to bacteria. Despite these effects, minimal overlap between seedling and field microbial communities indicates that the effects of initial plant selection are not stable, rather plant selection initiated alternative successional trajectories after the fire. Using data from a guild where we have abundant natural history information - ectomycorrhizal fungi - we show that greenhouse communities are dominated by ruderal taxa that are also common in the field after the fire, and that these ruderal fungi strongly alter spatial patterns in plant-soil feedback, enabling invasion and transformation of soils previously occupied by heterospecific plants, thus potentially acting as keystone mutualists.
Edaphic heterogeneity and the evolutionary trajectory of Amazonian plant communities
<p>Fern community data.</p>
Trajectories of backtracked passive particles for: "CARIB12: A Regional Community Earth System Model / Modular Ocean Model 6 Configuration of the Caribbean Sea"
<p>This collection hosts the trajectories of bactracked passive particles using Ocean Parcels v2.0 (The Parcels v2.0 Lagrangian framework: new field interpolation schemes. Delandmeter, P and E van Sebille (2019), <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>, <em>12</em>, 3571–3584) and ocean surface velocity fields from the output of: "CARIB12: A Regional Community Earth System Model / Modular Ocean Model 6 Configuration of the Caribbean Sea". </p> <p>trajectories_2009.tar: trajectories for particles released between 2009-01-01 and 2009-12-31</p> <p>trajectories_2010.tar: trajectories for particles released between 2010-01-01 and 2010-12-31 (as shown in "CARIB12: A Regional Community Earth System Model / Modular Ocean Model 6 Configuration of the Caribbean Sea")</p> <p>trajectories_2011.tar: trajectories for particles released between 2011-01-01 and 2011-12-31</p> <p>release_sites.csv: release sites for each release date.</p> <p>ocean_parcels_backtrack_VIB_carib12.py : python script to run ocean parcels to generate the trajectories published here.</p>
Data from: Plant selection initiates alternative successional trajectories in the soil microbial community after disturbance
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Data from: Environmental context shapes the long‐term role of nutrients in driving producer community trajectories in a top‐down dominated marine ecosystem
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Data from: Post-fire recovery in coastal sage scrub: seed rain and community trajectory
Disturbance is a primary mechanism structuring ecological communities. However, human activity has the potential to alter the frequency and intensity of natural disturbance regimes, with subsequent effects on ecosystem processes. In Southern California, human development has led to increased fire frequency close to urban areas that can form a positive feedback with invasive plant spread. Understanding how abiotic and biotic factors structure post-fire plant communities is a critical component of post-fire management and restoration. In this study we considered a variety of mechanisms affecting post-fire vegetation recovery in Riversidean sage scrub. Comparing recently burned plots to unburned plots, we found that burning significantly reduced species richness and percent cover of exotic vegetation the first two years following a 100-hectare wildfire. Seed rain was higher in burned plots, with more native forb seeds, while unburned plots had more exotic grass seeds. Moreover, there were significant correlations between seed rain composition and plant cover composition the year prior and the year after. Collectively, this case study suggests that fire can alter community composition, but there was not compelling evidence of a vegetation-type conversion. Instead, the changes in the community composition were temporary and convergence in community composition was apparent within two years post-fire.
Climate warming dominates over plant genotype in shaping the seasonal trajectory of foliar fungal communities on oak
<p>Leaves interact with a wealth of microorganisms. Among these, fungi are highly diverse, and are known to contribute to plant health, leaf senescence and early decomposition. However, patterns and drivers of the seasonal dynamics of foliar fungal communities are poorly understood.</p> <p>We used a multi-factorial experiment to investigate the influence of warming and tree genotype on the foliar fungal community on the pedunculate oak <i>Quercus robur</i> across one growing season.</p> <p>Fungal species richness increased, evenness tended to decrease, and community composition strongly shifted during the growing season. Yeasts increased in relative abundance as the season progressed, while putative fungal pathogens decreased. Warming decreased species richness, reduced evenness and changed community composition, especially in the end of the growing season. Warming also negatively affected putative fungal pathogens. We only detected a minor imprint of tree genotype and warming-by-genotype interactions on species richness and community composition.</p> <p>Overall, our findings demonstrate that warming plays a larger role than plant genotype in shaping the seasonal dynamics of the foliar fungal community on oak. These warming-induced shifts in the foliar fungal community may have a pronounced impact on plant health, plant-fungal interactions and ecosystem functions.</p>
Timing of invasive species removal influences nonnative biotic resistance and trajectories of community reassembly
<p><span>As biological invasions increasingly threaten biodiversity, the removal of invasive nonnative species emerges as a possibility to recover the structure and function of native communities. Yet, we have limited knowledge of how communities assemble after nonnative removals. Since most ecosystems are invaded by multiple nonnative species, the impact of their removal likely depends on the interactions among nonnative species which, in turn, are contingent on the environmental context in which they occur. </span></p> <p><span>We evaluated the community assembly after the targeted removal of two highly invasive shrubs, Sweetbriar rose (<em>Rosa</em> <em>rubiginosa</em>) and Scotch broom (<em>Cytisus</em> <em>scoparius</em>). The removal was performed at two different times in the growing season (early or late removal) in field and mesocosm communities. In search of general patterns across species, we modeled species responses as a function of their origin (i.e., native / nonnative) and functional traits. </span></p> <p><span>We found evidence for negative and asymmetric interactions between dominant invasive species that translated into changes in the abundances of the rest of the species in the community. Depending on the identity of the removed species, the removal of invasive species affected community assembly by promoting other nonnative species or hindering the performance of native species. These effects were modulated by the timing of removal and did not depend on leaf or seed traits.</span></p> <p><span><em>Synthesis</em>: Accounting for nonnative interactions and their temporal dependency should </span><span>improve our inferences about assembly processes and the effectiveness of nonnative </span><span>removal </span><span>aimed at reduci</span><span>ng the accumulation of nonnatives.</span><span> <br></span></p>
Climate warming dominates over plant genotype in shaping the seasonal trajectory of foliar fungal communities on oak
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Timing of invasive species removal influences nonnative biotic resistance and trajectories of community reassembly
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Data from: Post-fire recovery in coastal sage scrub: seed rain and community trajectory
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Assessing the trajectories of local plant community change: a literature review
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Data from: Secondary successional trajectories of structural and catabolic bacterial communities in oil polluted soil planted with hybrid poplar
Poplars have widely been used for rhizoremediation of a broad range of organic contaminants for the past two decades. Still, there is a knowledge gap regarding the rhizosphere associated bacterial communities of poplars and their dynamics during the remediation process. It is envisaged that a detailed understanding of rhizosphere associated microbial populations will greatly contribute to a better design and implementation of rhizoremediation. In order to investigate the long-term succession of structural and catabolic bacterial communities in oil polluted soil planted with hybrid poplar, we carried out a 2-year field study. Hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides) seedlings were planted in polluted soil excavated from an accidental oil-spill site. Vegetated and un-vegetated soil samples were collected for microbial community analyses at 7 different time-points during the course of 2 years and sampling time-points were chosen to cover the seasonal variation in the boreal climate zone. Bacterial community structure was accessed by means of 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing whereas catabolic diversity was monitored by pyrosequencing of alkane hydroxylase and extradiol dioxygenase genes. We observed a clear succession of bacterial communities on both structural and functional levels from early to late phase communities. Sphingomonas type extradiol dioxygenases and alkane hydroxylase homologs of Rhodococcus clearly dominated the early phase communities. The high dominance-low diversity functional gene communities underwent a transition to low-dominance-high diversity communities in the late phase. These results pointed towards increased catabolic capacities and a change from specialist to generalist strategy of bacterial communities during the course of secondary succession.
A Community-based Prospective Cohort Study on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Older Adults: From Metabolic Trajectories to Extrahepatic Outcomes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07241195. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Data from: Secondary successional trajectories of structural and catabolic bacterial communities in oil polluted soil planted with hybrid poplar
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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