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4 results for “comparative demography”
Comparative and predictive phylogeography in the South American diagonal of open formations: Unravelling the biological and environmental influences on multitaxon demography
<p><span><span>Phylogeography investigates historical drivers of species' geographic distribution. Special attention has been given to ecological, climatic, and geological processes in the diversification of the Neotropical biota. Several species sampled across the dry diagonal of South America (DDSA, comprising the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco biomes) experienced range shifts coincident with Quaternary climatic changes. However, studies across different spatial, temporal, and biological scales on species from South America's dry biomes are still poorly represented. Here, we combine phylogeographic model selection and machine learning predictive frameworks to investigate the influence of Pleistocene climatic changes on both plant and animal species from the DDSA. We assembled mitochondrial/chloroplastic DNA sequences in public repositories and inferred the historical demographic responses of 70 lineages. We then built a random forest model using both biotic and abiotic information to identify potential traits for predicting whether species underwent population expansion, contraction, or stasis during the Pleistocene. Finally, we estimated the temporal synchrony of species demographic responses using hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation (hABC). Biotic variables largely predicted how species responded to Pleistocene climatic changes, and demographic changes were mostly synchronous during the Middle Pleistocene. Although many DDSA species underwent demographic expansion, presumably associated with the spread of aridity during glacial Pleistocene periods, our findings suggest that some species exhibited the opposite response and that species-specific attributes might have been related to these differences.</span></span></p>
Comparative and predictive phylogeography in the South American diagonal of open formations: Unravelling the biological and environmental influences on multitaxon demography
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Data for: The scales of coevolution: comparative phylogeography and genetic demography of a locally adapted venomous predator and its prey
<p>Coevolutionary theory predicts that differences in the genetic demography of interacting species can influence patterns of local adaptation <span>by </span>affecting the potential of local populations to respond to selection. <span>We conducted a comparative phylogeographic study of</span> venomous rattlesnakes and their venom-resistant ground squirrel prey across California<span>, and </span>assessed <span>how </span>effective population size (N<sub>e</sub>) estimates correspond with a previously documented pattern of rattlesnake local adaptation<span>. </span><span>Using</span> RAD-seq markers, we detected lineage relationships among both the rattlesnakes <span>(<i>Crotalus </i></span><i><span>oreganus </span>ssp.</i>) and ground squirrels (<i>Otospermophilus sp.</i>) that are incongruent with previous phylogenetic hypotheses. Both rattlesnakes and squirrels share a deep divergence at the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. At this broad phylogeographic scale, <span>we </span>found that the locally adapted rattlesnakes had higher N<sub>e</sub> than squirrels. <span>A</span>t the population scale, snakes also had larger N<sub>e </sub>accompanied by larger values of several metrics of population genetic diversity. However, the specific magnitude of local adaptation of venom activity to ground squirrel venom resistance <span>was </span>not significantly correlated with local differences in N<sub>e</sub> or other diversity statistics between predator and prey populations, suggesting other factors in the geographic mosaic of coevolution contribute to the specific local-scale outcomes of this interaction. These results <span>suggest an evolutionary mechanism that may explain some (but clearly not all) of rattlesnake local adaptation</span> in this coevolutionary interaction – larger population sizes raise adaptive potential of rattlesnakes compared to ground squirrels.</p>
Data for: The scales of coevolution: comparative phylogeography and genetic demography of a locally adapted venomous predator and its prey
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