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28 results for “competition importance”
Figure 3 in Addressing biases in replacement series: the importance of reference density selection for interpretation of competition outcomes
Figure 3. Aboveground biomass (g m−2) across densities (plants m−2) for maize and Setorio foberi. Vertical arrows indicate the maize (black numbers) and S. foberi (gray numbers) densities at which S. foberi reaches inflection point and 90% of maximum biomass. Horizontal arrows indicate S. foberi biomass at inflection point and 90% of maximum biomass.
Figure 4 in Addressing biases in replacement series: the importance of reference density selection for interpretation of competition outcomes
Figure 4. Relative biomass of Amoronthus hybridus:maize replacement series from experiment 1 (left) and experiment 2 (right) with densities based in inflection point (A and B), maximum biomass (C and D), and equal N uptake (E and F). Black circles represent maize relative biomass,white circles represent A. hybridus relative biomass,and gray diamonds represent relative yield total biomass (RYT). Dotted line represents a relative biomass of 1 for all the proportions. The points and error bars represent data means and standard errors.
Figure 2 in Addressing biases in replacement series: the importance of reference density selection for interpretation of competition outcomes
Figure 2. Aboveground biomass (g m−2) across densities (plants m−2) for maize and Amoronthus hybridus. Vertical arrows indicate the maize (black numbers) and A. hybridus (gray numbers) densities at which A. hybridus reaches inflection point and 90% of maximum biomass. Horizontal arrows indicate A. hybridus biomass at the inflection point and 90% of maximum biomass.
Figure 1 in Addressing biases in replacement series: the importance of reference density selection for interpretation of competition outcomes
Figure 1. Theoretical relationship between relative biomass and plant density ratios of (A) two species of the same size and (B) two species with species 1 being larger than species 2. Dashed lines represent the regression lines for both species, and solid lines represent theoretical line of parity (1:1) between species.
Figure 5 in Addressing biases in replacement series: the importance of reference density selection for interpretation of competition outcomes
Figure 5. Relative biomass of Setorio foberi:maize replacement series from experiment 1 (left) and experiment 2 (right) with densities based in inflection point (A and B), maximum biomass (C and D), and equal N uptake (E and F). Black circles represent maize relative biomass, white circles represent S. foberi relative biomass, and gray diamonds represent relative yield total biomass (RYT). Dotted line represents a relative biomass of 1 for all the proportions. The points and error bars represent data means and standard errors.
Dataset The relative importance of body size and UV coloration in influencing male-male competition in a Lacertid lizard
<p>This is the dataset of the paper "The relative importance of body size and UV coloration in influencing male-male competition in a Lacertid lizard" published in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology by Names et al. (2019). It includes a metadata statement and five data spreadsheets.</p> <p><strong>Abstract of the paper</strong></p> <p>Communication via color signals is common in natural systems. Ultraviolet (UV)-blue patches located on the outer-ventral scales of some Lacertid lizards are thought to be involved in male-male competition. However, the mechanisms that maintain their honesty remain unknown. Here, we use the common wall lizard <em>Podarcis muralis</em> to<br> test whether the lateral UV-blue spots are conventional signals, the honesty of which is guaranteed by receiver-dependent costs, and discuss their potential role as an amplifier of body size. We first described the morphology and reflectance properties of lateral blue spots in common wall lizards and investigated how they influence male-<br> male competition. Spot size and number, UV chroma, and conspicuousness (calculated using vision models) were significantly greater in adult males relative to adult females and adult males relative to juveniles. Total spot area (and not spot number) of adult males was positively correlated with body size. We conducted staged competition encounters between focal males and smaller or larger rivals with control or manipulated spots. Spots were enlarged in small rivals and reduced in large rivals to disrupt the phenotypic correlation between spot area and body size. Aggressiveness and dominance were positively influenced by body size in control encounters. Spot manipulations resulted in greater submission and less aggressiveness in focal males. These results contradict the predictions associated with conventional signals and amplifiers, but suggest that spots contributed to opponent evaluation during short-distance encounters between competing males.</p>
Data for: Ranking the importance of factors driving siring success during sperm competition in the North African houbara bustard
<p><span>Sperm competition is a powerful force driving the evolution of ejaculate and sperm traits. However, the outcome of sperm competition depends on many traits that extend beyond ejaculate quality. Here, we studied male North African houbara bustards (</span><em><span>Chlamydotis undulata undulata</span></em><span>) competing for egg fertilization, after artificial insemination, with the aim to rank the importance of 14 parameters as drivers of siring success. Using a machine learning approach, we showed that traits independent of male quality (i.e., insemination order, delay between insemination and egg laying) were the most important predictors of siring success. Traits describing intrinsic male quality (i.e., number of sperm in the ejaculate, mass motility index) were also positively associated with siring success, but their contribution to explaining the outcome of sperm competition was much lower than for insemination order. Overall, this analysis shows that males mating at the last position in the mating sequence have the best chance to win the competition for egg fertilization. This raises the question of the importance of female behavior as determinant of mating order. </span></p>
Dark diversity reveals importance of biotic resources and competition for plant diversity across habitats
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Data for: Ranking the importance of factors driving siring success during sperm competition in the North African houbara bustard
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Dominant deer mice show the importance of abundance in competition
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Competition as a demolition derby: Why tolerating competitors is more important than suppressing them
Tolerance and suppression are distinct components of competition among plants, and recognizing how they affect competitive outcomes is important for understanding the mechanisms and consequences of competition. We used simulations informed by experimental trials to ask whether tolerance or suppression of competitors was more important for the survival of native plants experiencing competition with an exotic invasive species. When competition was pairwise, tolerance and suppression contributed equally to competitive rank in simulations. However, when multiple native genotypes competed together against an invader, the ability to tolerate competition was up to 50 times more important than the ability to suppress the invader. In two-competitor communities the chief advantage of suppressing competitors was a global decrease in their abundance, but this advantage did not exist in communities of multiple competitors—which is more representative of natural conditions —because decreased competitor abundance benefited all plants regardless of their competitive ability. We suggest that this concept is analogous to a 'demolition derby,' an automotive contest where participants attempt to have the last functional vehicle on the playing field. Because strong suppressors share the benefits of eliminating competitors with other remaining competitors, we propose that tolerance of competitors is more beneficial than suppression when competition occurs in a multiplayer scenario—in a demolition derby and in nature. This finding has implications for our understanding of how competition influences plant species coexistence, plant community structure, and invasion outcomes.
Data from: Are prenatal maternal resources more important in competitive than in benign postnatal environments?
According to theoretical models, the optimal solution of the life-history trade-off between the number and size of offspring depends on the quality of the environment. Offspring size should be more important for their fitness in more competitive environments. This idea was rarely experimentally tested in taxa with prolonged periods of parental postnatal care, such as in birds. Here we manipulated the offspring rearing environment by enlarging or reducing brood size. Enlarged broods suffered greater mortality rates and raised smaller fledglings. Egg size had a significant positive effect on fledging mass and length of tarsus and a nonsignificant effect on wing length. These effects were similar in enlarged-sized as well as reduced-sized broods. We only found a tendency for the predicted interaction between treatment and egg size in the case of nestling mass where egg size had a positive effect in enlarged broods but none in reduced broods. In contrast, in one year we found an opposite interaction where egg size positively affected offspring survival only in reduced broods. More studies that manipulate the offspring rearing environment and follow offspring over the long term are needed to draw general conclusions about context-dependence of early maternal effects.
Data from: The importance of competition for light depends on productivity and disturbance
Eutrophication is a major cause of biodiversity loss. In grasslands this appears to occur due to asymmetric competition for light following the increases in aboveground biomass production. Here, we report the results of an experiment with five grass species that tests how well competitive outcomes can be predicted under a factorial combination of fertilized and disturbed (frequent cutting) conditions. Under fertile conditions our results confirm earlier success in predicting short-term competitive outcomes based on light interception in monocultures. This effect was maintained but weakened under less fertile conditions with competition becoming more symmetric. However, under disturbed conditions, competitive outcomes could not be predicted from differences in light interception in monocultures regardless of fertility. Our results support the idea that competition in grasslands shifts from symmetric to asymmetric as fertility increases but that disturbance destroys this relationship, presumably by preventing the development of differences in canopy structure and reducing competition for light.
Data from: The cost of being big: local competition, importance of dispersal and experimental evolution of reversal to unicellularity
Multicellularity provides multiple benefits. Nonetheless, unicellularity is ubiquitous and there have been multiple cases of evolutionary reversal to a unicellular organization. In this paper, we explore some of the costs of multicellularity as well as the possibility and dynamics of evolutionary reversals to unicellularity. We hypothesize that recently evolved multicellular organisms would face a high cost of increased competition for local resources in spatially structured environments because of larger size and increased cell densities. To test this hypothesis we conducted competition assays, computer simulations, and selection experiments using isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that recently evolved multicellularity. In well-mixed environments, multicellular isolates had lower growth rates relative to their unicellular ancestor due to limitations of space and resource acquisition. In structured environments with localized resources, cells in both multicellular and unicellular isolates grew at a similar rate. Despite similar growth, higher local density of cells in multicellular groups led to increased competition and higher fitness costs in spatially structured environments. In structured environments all of the multicellular isolates rapidly evolved a predominantly unicellular life cycle, while in well-mixed environments reversal was more gradual. Taken together, these results suggest that a lack of dispersal, leading to higher local competition, might have been one of the main constraints in the evolution of early multicellular forms.
Replication package for "U.S. Market Concentration and Import Competition"
<p>Amiti, Mary, and Sebastian Heise, "U.S. Market Concentration and Import Competition," Review of Economic Studies.</p>
Light pollution affects invasive and native plant traits important to plant competition and herbivorous insects
<p>Dataset that goes with our accepted publication in Biological Invasions entitled "Light pollution affects invasive and native plant traits important to plant competition and herbivorous insects"</p>
Data from: The importance of competition for food and nest-sites in aggressive behaviour of Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis
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Data from: The cost of being big: local competition, importance of dispersal and experimental evolution of reversal to unicellularity
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Data from: The importance of competition for light depends on productivity and disturbance
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Data from: Are prenatal maternal resources more important in competitive than in benign postnatal environments?
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.