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11 results for “competitive hierarchies”
Data from: Luck, skill, and depth of competition in games and social hierarchies
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Data from: A meta-analysis of plant interaction networks reveals competitive hierarchies as well as facilitation and intransitivity
The extent to which competitive interactions and niche differentiation structure communities has been highly controversial. To quantify evidence for key features of plant community structure, I recharacterized published data from interaction experiments as networks of competitive and facilitative interactions. I measured the network structure of 31 woody and herbaceous communities, including the intensity, distribution, and diversity of interactions at the species-pair and community level to determine the generality of competition, winner-loser relationships, and unequal interaction allocation. I developed novel methodology using meta-analysis to incorporate interaction uncertainty into estimates of structural metrics among independent networks. Plant communities were competitive, but intraspecific interactions were sometimes more intense than interspecific interactions. On the whole, interactions were imbalanced and communities were transitive. However, facilitation, balanced interactions, and intransitivity were common in individual communities. Synthesizing network metrics using meta-analysis is an original approach with which to generalize community structure in a systematic way.
Data from: Contingency rules for pathogen competition and antagonism in a genetically based, plant defense hierarchy
1. Plant defense against pathogens includes a range of mechanisms, including, but not limited to, genetic resistance, pathogen-antagonizing endophytes, and pathogen competitors. The relative importance of each mechanism can be expressed in a hierarchical view of defense. Several recent studies have shown that pathogen antagonism is inconsistently expressed within the plant defense hierarchy. Our hypothesis is that the hierarchy is governed by contingency rules that determine when and where antagonists reduce plant disease severity. 2. Here, we investigated whether pathogen competition influences pathogen antagonism using Populus as a model system. In three independent field experiments, we asked whether competition for leaf mesophyll cells between a Melampsora rust pathogen and a microscopic, eriophyid mite affects rust pathogen antagonism by fungal leaf endophytes. The rust pathogen has an annual, phenological disadvantage in competition with the mite because the rust pathogen must infect its secondary host in spring before infecting Populus. We varied mite-rust competition by utilizing Populus genotypes characterized by differential genetic resistance to the two organisms. We inoculated plants with endophtyes and allowed mites and rust to infect plants naturally. 3. Two contingency rules emerged from the three field experiments: 1) pathogen antagonism by endophytes can be preempted by host genes for resistance that suppress pathogen development, and 2) pathogen antagonism by endophtyes can secondarily be preempted by competitive exclusion of the rust by the mite. 4. Synthesis: Our results point to a Populus defense hierarchy with resistance genes on top, followed by pathogen competition, and finally pathogen antagonism by endophytes. We expect these rules will help to explain the variation in pathogen antagonism that is currently attributed to context dependency.
Data and code for "Competitive hierarchies in bryozoan assemblages mitigate network instability by keeping short and long feedback loops weak"
<p>This repository contains all scripts and data files to reproduce the analysis of the manuscript "Competitive hierarchies in bryozoan assemblages mitigate network instability by keeping short and long feedback loops weak"</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Competitive hierarchies in diverse ecological communities have long been thought to lead to instability and prevent coexistence. However, system stability has never been tested and the relation between hierarchy and instability has never been explained in complex competition networks parameterised with data from direct observation. Here we test model stability of 30 multispecies bryozoan assemblages, using estimates of energy loss from observed interference competition to parameterise both the inter- and intraspecific interactions in the competition networks. We find that all competition networks are unstable. However, instability is mitigated considerably by asymmetries in the energy loss rates brought about by hierarchies of strong and weak competitors. This asymmetric organisation results in asymmetries in the interaction strengths, which reduces instability by keeping the weight of short (positive) and longer (positive and negative) feedback loops low. Our results support the idea that interference competition leads to instability and exclusion but demonstrate that this is not because of, but despite, competitive hierarchy.</p> <p><strong>Data</strong></p> <p>Our data set contains records of overgrowth competition in 30 high-latitude bryozoan assemblages. Rocks were collected by hand from shallow subtidal coastal locations at Rothera Island, West Antarctic Peninsula, Signy Island in the maritime Antarctic and Spitsbergen in the Arctic. For each assemblage, the data set contains one .csv file with abundance per species and one .csv file containing the species-contact-matrix. All bryozoans were identified to species and counted, giving abundance data in colonies per species. Then, all pairwise contests between colonies were classified as win, draw or loss and the results were compiled in the species-contact-matrices. For details, see the methods section of the paper.</p> <p><strong>Analysis </strong></p> <p>The analysis is subdivided into the following sections:</p> <ul> <li>0 <strong>Random matrices</strong>: Stability of random matrices with symmetric and asymmetric interactions.</li> <li>1 <strong>Preparation</strong>: Define functions to calculate asymmetry measures and set plotting parameters</li> <li>2 <strong>Read and process raw data</strong>: Converts raw data to Jacobian matrices</li> <li>3 <strong>Analysis of empirical matrices</strong>: Calculates stability, asymmetry measures, loop weights of empirical matrices.</li> <li>4 <strong>Analysis of randomised matrices:</strong> Randomises empirical matrices and analyses the effect on stability, asymmetry measures and loop weights.</li> <li>5<strong> Sensitivity</strong>: Effect of model assumptions (cost-values / replacement of missing values) on the results.</li> </ul> <p>Details on how to reproduce the full analysis, including all figures and tables in the manuscript can be found in the ReadMe file.</p>
Data from: A meta-analysis of plant interaction networks reveals competitive hierarchies as well as facilitation and intransitivity
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Data from: Contingency rules for pathogen competition and antagonism in a genetically based, plant defense hierarchy
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Data from: Coexistence through mutualist-dependent reversal of competitive hierarchies
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Data from: Dynamic occupancy modeling reveals a hierarchy of competition among fishers, grey foxes, and ringtails
1. Determining how species coexist is critical for understanding functional diversity, niche partitioning and interspecific interactions. Identifying the direct and indirect interactions among sympatric carnivores that enable their coexistence are particularly important to elucidate because they are integral for maintaining ecosystem function. 2. We studied the effects of removing 9 fishers (Pekania pennanti) on their population dynamics and used this perturbation to elucidate the interspecific interactions among fishers, grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and ringtails (Bassariscus astutus). Grey foxes (family: Canidae) are likely to compete with fishers due to their similar body sizes and dietary overlap, and ringtails (family: Procyonidae), like fishers, are semi-arboreal species of conservation concern. We used spatial capture-recapture to investigate fisher population numbers and dynamic occupancy models that incorporated interspecific interactions to investigate the effects members of these species had on the colonization and persistence of each other's site occupancy. 3. The fisher population showed no change in density for up to three years following the removals of fishers for translocations. In contrast, fisher site occupancy decreased in the years immediately following the translocations. During this same time period, site occupancy by grey foxes increased and remained elevated through the end of the study. 4. We found a complicated hierarchy among fishers, foxes, and ringtails. Fishers affected grey fox site persistence negatively but had a positive effect on their colonization. Foxes had a positive effect on ringtail site colonization. Thus, fishers were the dominant small carnivore where present and negatively affected foxes directly and ringtails indirectly. 5. Coexistence among the small carnivores we studied appears to reflect dynamic spatial partitioning. Conservation and management efforts should investigate how intraguild interactions may influence the recolonization of carnivores to previously occupied landscapes.
Data from: Temperature-dependence of minimum resource requirements alters competitive hierarchies in phytoplankton
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Data from: Dynamic occupancy modeling reveals a hierarchy of competition among fishers, grey foxes, and ringtails
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Distinct prefrontal projections oppositely orchestrate social competition and hierarchy
GEO Series GSE222185. Mus musculus. 10 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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