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60 results for “complex environments”
Data and Videos for Argos: a toolkit for tracking multiple animals in complex visual environments
<p>Original videos used and data generated for the article "Argos: a toolkit for tracking multiple animals in complex visual environments".</p> <p>The data contains original videos used as input to the Argos Tracking tool, the generated raw tracks in Pandas-HDF5 format, and the corrected tracks after processing with Argos Review tool.</p> <p>It also includes a zip archive with ground truth tracks along with tracks detected from two videos by Argos and several other tracking tools for comparison using the HOTA metric organized in a folder structure suitable for the TrackEval tool.</p>
Verbal and nominal complexity and sociolinguistic environment
<p>This material contains the dataset from the <a href="https://version.helsinki.fi/hals/sinnemaki/sinnemaki-digarbo2018">gitlab repository</a> of the following article. Please cite the article when using the data.</p> <p>Sinnemäki, Kaius and Francesca Di Garbo. 2018. Language structures may adapt to the sociolinguistic environment, but it matters what and how you count: A typological study of verbal and nominal complexity. <em>Frontiers in Psychology</em> 9: 1141.</p>
ASN Database - v3.2 - Database of Simulated Room Impulse Responses for Acoustic Sensor Networks Deployed in Complex Multi-Source Acoustic Environments
<p>We present a large set of simulated room impulse responses for a multi-room apartment. The simulated apartment models a real vacation apartment for which a recorded set of audio data has already been made available in the context of the DCASE challenges. The impulse responses were rendered using a dense grid of sources and receivers by means of a hybrid auralization algorithm based on a low-order image-source method and deterministic cone tracing. The proposed data set can be used to generate a wide variety of acoustic scenes which, in turn, can benefit numerous data-demanding machine-learning algorithms.<br> <br> To obtain more information on the database, please visit <a href="https://github.com/Jearde/asn-database">the website</a>.<br> <strong>Please read the license file (available in the GitHub repository) before using the database.</strong></p>
Identifying the fitness consequences of sex in complex natural environments
In the natural world, sex prevails, despite its costs. While much effort has been dedicated to identifying the intrinsic costs of sex (e.g. the cost of males), few studies have identified the ecological fitness consequences of sex. Furthermore, correlated biological traits that differ between sexuals and asexuals may alter these costs, or even render the typical costs of sex irrelevant. We conducted a large-scale multi-site reciprocal transplant using multiple sexual and asexual genotypes of a native North American wildflower to show that sexual genotypes have reduced lifetime fitness, despite lower herbivory. We separated the effects of sex from those of hybridity, finding that over-winter survival is elevated in asexuals regardless of hybridity, but herbivores target hybrid asexuals more than non-hybrid asexual or sexual genotypes. Survival is lowest in homozygous sexual lineages, implicating inbreeding depression as a cost of sex. Our results show that the consequences of sex are shaped not just by sex itself, but by complex natural environments, correlated traits, and the identity and availability of mates.
N-cadherin dynamically regulates pediatric glioma cell migration in complex environments
<p>Pediatric high-grade gliomas are highly invasive and essentially incurable. Glioma cells migrate between neurons and glia, along axon tracts, and through extracellular matrix surrounding blood vessels and underlying the pia. Mechanisms that allow adaptation to such complex environments are poorly understood. N-cadherin is highly expressed in pediatric gliomas and is associated with shorter survival. We found that inter-cellular homotypic N-cadherin interactions differentially regulate glioma migration according to the microenvironment, stimulating migration on cultured neurons or astrocytes but inhibiting invasion into reconstituted or astrocyte-deposited extracellular matrix. N-cadherin localizes to filamentous connections between migrating leader cells but to epithelial-like junctions between followers. Leader cells have more surface and recycling N-cadherin, increased YAP1/TAZ signaling, and increased proliferation relative to followers. YAP1/TAZ signaling is dynamically regulated as leaders and followers change position, leading to altered N-cadherin levels and organization. Together, the results suggest that pediatric glioma cells adapt to different microenvironments by regulating N-cadherin dynamics and cell-cell contacts.</p>
Data from "Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): A Panchromatic View of DO Tau's Complex Kilo-au Environment'
<p>Reduced data from Huang et al., 2022, "Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): A Panchromatic View of DO Tau's Complex Kilo-astronomical-unit Environment,' ApJ, 930, 171 (arXiv:2204.01758). </p> <p>See Table 1 of the article for the corresponding observing program codes and attributions for archival data (if applicable). </p> <p><strong>Images:</strong></p> <p>DOTau_12CO_automask.image.pbcor.fits: 12CO J=2-1 image cube<br> DOTau_12CO_automask.mom1.fits: 12CO J=2-1 moment 1 map<br> DOTau_12CO_automask.pbcor.2sigcut.mom0.fits: 12CO J=2-1 moment 0 map<br> DOTau_13CO_automask.image.pbcor.fits: 13CO J=2-1 image cube<br> DOTau_13CO_automask.mom1.fits: 13CO J=2-1 moment 1 map<br> DOTau_13CO_automask.pbcor.2sigcut.mom0.fits: 13CO J=2-1 moment 0 map<br> DOTau_C18O_automask.image.pbcor.fits: C18O J=2-1 image cube<br> DOTau_C18O_automask.pbcor.2sigcut.mom0.fits: C18O J=2-1 moment 0 map<br> DOTau_C18O_automask.pbcor.mom1.fits: C18O J=2-1 moment 1 map<br> DOTau_cADI_average.fits: SPHERE H-band cADI image (pixel scale: 0.01225 arcseconds)<br> DOTau_CS_automask.image.pbcor.fits: DO Tau CS J=5-4 image cube<br> DOTau_CS_automask.mom1.fits: DO Tau CS J=5-4 moment 1 map<br> DOTau_CS_automask.pbcor.2sigcut.mom0.fits: DO Tau CS J=5-4 moment 0 map<br> DOTau_DoLP.fits: DO Tau degree of linear polarization map (pixel scale: .0245 arcseconds)<br> DOTau_IDF-RDI.fits: SPHERE total intensity image produced with IDF-RDI (pixel scale: 0.01225 arcseconds)<br> DO-TAU_NICMOS_F110W_MRDILib-18_KL-2_Pixel.fits: HST NICMOS F110W image (pixel scale: 0.075 arcseconds)<br> DO-TAU_NICMOS_F160W_MRDILib-100_KL-1_Pixel.fits: HST NICMOS F160W image (pixel scale: 0.075 arcseconds)<br> DOTau_Qphi_average.fits: SPHERE H-band Qphi image (pixel scale: 0.01225 arcseconds)<br> DO_Tau_STIS_KlipWithin160pixel_counts_s_pixel.fits: HST STIS image (pixel scale: 0.0507 arcseconds)</p> <p><strong>Measurement sets:</strong></p> <p>DOTau_12CO.ms.contsub.tar: Self-calibrated, continuum-subtracted 12CO J=2-1 visibilities<br> DOTau_13CO.ms.contsub.tar: Self-calibrated, continuum-subtracted 13CO J=2-1 visibilities<br> DOTau_C18O.ms.contsub.tar: Self-calibrated, continuum-subtracted C18O J=2-1 visibilities<br> DOTau_CS.ms.contsub.tar: Self-calibrated, continuum-subtracted CS J=5-4 visibilities</p> <p><strong>Scripts:</strong></p> <p>DOTau_1.1mmreduction.py: CASA self-cal and imaging script for CS data <br> DOTau_1.3mmreduction.py: CASA self-cal and imaging script for CO data </p>
The effect of migration and variation on populations of Escherichia coli adapting to complex fluctuating environments
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Migration, a critical evolutionary force, can have contrasting effects on adaptation. It can aid as well as impede adaptation. The effects of migration on microbial adaptation have been studied primarily in simple constant environments. Very little is known about the effects of migration on adaptation to complex, fluctuating environments. In our study, we subjected replicate populations of <em><span>Escherichia coli</span></em>, adapting to complex and unpredictably fluctuating environments to different proportions of clonal ancestral immigrants. Contrary to the results from simple/constant environments, the presence of clonal immigrants reduced all measured proxies of fitness. However, migration from a source population with a greater variance in fitness resulted in no change in fitness w.r.t the no-migration control, except at the highest level of migration. Thus, the presence of variation in the immigrants could counter the adverse effects of migration in complex and unpredictably fluctuating environments. Our study demonstrates that the effects of migration are strongly dependent on the nature of the destination environment and the genetic makeup of immigrants. These results enhance our understanding of the influences of migrating populations, which could help better predict the consequences of migration.</span></p>
Adaptive Computer Vision-Based 2D Tracking of Workers in Complex Environments
<p>Data set used for testing the efficiency of a vision-based tracking method on tracking construction workers. </p>
Complex trait‒environment relationships underlie the structure of forest plant communities
<p>Traits differentially adapt plant species to particular conditions generating compositional shifts along environmental gradients. As a result, community-scale trait values show concomitant shifts, termed trait‒environment relationships. Trait‒environment relationships are often assessed by evaluating community-weighted mean (CWM) traits observed along environmental gradients. Regression-based approaches (CWMr) assume that local communities exhibit traits centered at a single optimum value and that traits do not covary meaningfully. Evidence suggests that the shape of trait‒abundance relationships can vary widely along environmental gradients—reflecting complex interactions—and traits are usually interrelated. We used a model that accounts for these factors to explore trait‒environment relationships in herbaceous forest plant communities in Wisconsin (USA). We built a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to analyze how abundances of 185 species distributed among 189 forested sites vary in response to four functional traits (vegetative height-VH, leaf size-LS, leaf mass per area-LMA, and leaf carbon content), six environmental variables describing overstory, soil, and climate conditions, and their interactions. The GLMM allowed us to assess the nature and relative strength of the resulting 24 trait‒environment relationships. We also compared results between GLMM and CWMr to explore how conclusions differ between approaches. The GLMM identified five significant trait‒environment relationships that together explain ~40% of variation in species abundances across sites. Temperature appeared as a key environmental driver, with warmer and more seasonal sites favoring taller plants. Soil texture and temperature seasonality affected LS and LMA; seasonality effects on LS and LMA were nonlinear, declining at more seasonal sites. Though often assumed for CWMr, only some traits under certain conditions had centered optimum trait‒abundance relationships. CWMr more liberally identified (13) trait‒environment relationships as significant but failed to detect the temperature-seasonality‒LMA relationship identified by the GLMM. Synthesis. Although GLMM represents a more methodologically complex approach than CWMr, it identified a reduced set of trait‒environment relationships still capable of accounting for the responses of forest understory herbs to environmental gradients. It also identified separate effects of mean and seasonal temperature on LMA that appear important in these forests, generating useful insights and supporting broader application of GLMM approach to understand trait‒environment relationships.</p>
Complex urban environments provide Apis mellifera with a richer plant forage than suburban and more rural landscapes
<p>Growth in the global development of cities, and increasing public interest in beekeeping, has led to rises in the numbers of urban apiaries. Towns and cities can provide an excellent diet for managed bees, with a diverse range of nectar and pollen available throughout a long flowering season and are often more ecologically diverse than the surrounding rural environments. Accessible urban honeybee hives are a valuable research resource to gain insights into the diet and ecology of wild pollinators in urban settings. We used DNA metabarcoding of the rbcL and ITS2 gene regions to characterise the pollen community in Apis mellifera honey, inferring the floral diet, from 14 hives across an urban gradient around Greater Manchester, UK. We found that the proportion of urban land around a hive is significantly associated with an increase in the diversity of plants foraged, and that invasive and non-native plants appear to play a critical role in the sustenance of urban bees, alongside native plant species. The proportion of improved grassland, typical of suburban lawns and livestock farms, is significantly associated with decreases in the diversity of plant pollen found in honey samples. These findings are relevant to urban landscape developers motivated to encourage biodiversity and bee persistence, in line with global bio-food security agendas.</p>
Binaural detection thresholds and audio quality of speech and music signals in complex acoustic environments
<p>Every-day acoustical environments are often complex, typically comprising one attended target sound in the presence of interfering sounds (e.g., disturbing conversations) and reverberation. Here we assessed binaural detection thresholds and (supra-threshold) binaural audio quality ratings of four distortions types: spectral ripples, non-linear saturation, intensity and spatial modifications applied to speech, guitar, and noise targets in such complex acoustic environments (CAEs). The target and (up to) two masker sounds were either co-located as if contained in a common audio stream, or were spatially separated as if originating from different sound sources. The amount of reverberation was systematically varied. Masker and reverberation had a significant effect on the distortion-detection thresholds of speech signals. Quality ratings were affected by reverberation, whereas the effect of maskers depended on the distortion. The results suggest that detection thresholds and quality ratings for distorted speech in anechoic conditions are also valid for rooms with mild reverberation, but not for moderate reverberation. Furthermore, for spectral ripples, a significant relationship between the listeners’ individual detection thresholds and quality ratings was found. The current results provide baseline data for detection thresholds and audio quality ratings of different distortions of a target sound in CAEs, supporting the future development of binaural auditory models.</p>
Frontopolar cortex represents complex features and decision value during choice between environments
<p><span>Important decisions often involve choosing between complex environments that define future item encounters. Despite its importance for adaptive behaviour and distinct computational challenges</span><span>, decision-making</span><span> research primarily focuses on item choice ignoring environment choice altogether. Here we contrast previously studied item choice in ventromedial prefrontal cortex with lateral frontopolar cortex (FPl) linked to environment choice. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism for how FPl decomposes and represents complex environments during decision-making. Specifically, we trained a choice-optimized, brain-naive convolutional neural network (CNN) and compared predicted CNN activation with actual FPl activity. We showed the high dimensional FPl activity decomposes environment features to represent the complexity of an environment to make such choice possible. Moreover, FPl functionally connects with posterior cingulate cortex for guiding environment choice. Further probing FPl's computation revealed a parallel processing mechanism in extracting multiple environment features.</span></p>
Complex trait‒environment relationships underlie the structure of forest plant communities
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N-cadherin dynamically regulates pediatric glioma cell migration in complex environments
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Data from: On the expression of male harm in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>: impacts of density and structural complexity of the mating environment
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Complex urban environments provide Apis mellifera with a richer plant forage than suburban and more rural landscapes
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The effect of migration and variation on populations of Escherichia coli adapting to complex fluctuating environments
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Complex residences and sociality: How coral structure and social environment influence occupation patterns in Gobiodon in Aquaria
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Complex choice environments shelter unattractive signallers from sexual selection
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Identifying the fitness consequences of sex in complex natural environments
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.