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37 results for “conflicting effects”
Data from: Flying without fear: shooting disturbance has little effect on site preferences in a conflict goose species
<p>Human-modified landscapes have created opportunities for numerous taxa. Agricultural expansion has proven advantageous for several Arctic-breeding goose species, leading to increased abundance and intensified conflict with farmers. Shooting is frequently implemented as a mitigation strategy to control population and via scaring to alter the spatial distribution of conflict species. However, the efficacy of such regimes in manipulating the fear landscape is not always investigated.</p> <p>We developed resource selection functions using GPS-tracking data for Greenland barnacle geese (<em>Branta leucopsis</em>) wintering on Islay, Scotland to assess foraging site choice. We assessed overall foraging site preference and evaluated the influence of shooting management on foraging site selection of key habitats.</p> <p>Barnacle geese selected for improved grassland areas and the likelihood of utilisation varied between these fields according to field-specific management. Protected areas were strongly selected for along with newly reseeded grassland. Field-level exposure to shooting disturbance did not cause a notable change in site selection.</p> <p><strong><em>Synthesis and Applications: </em></strong>Our results demonstrate the importance of providing refuges within managed agricultural landscapes to encourage site use and minimise conflict. We highlight how low intensity shooting disturbance may be ineffective in altering winter habitat selection of high-value foraging sites (especially near roosts). If future management aimed to stimulate redistribution higher intensity shooting disturbance along with the spatial and temporal coordination of shooting effort would likely be required to create a stronger perceived gradient of disturbance risk.</p>
Data from: Flying without fear: shooting disturbance has little effect on site preferences in a conflict goose species
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Supplementary information for: The artefactual branch effect and phylogenetic conflict: Species delimitation with gene flow in mangrove pit vipers (Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus-erythrurus complex)
<p>Mangrove pit vipers of the <em>Trimeresurus</em> <em>purpureomaculatus</em>-<em>erythrurus</em> complex are the only species of viper known to naturally inhabit mangroves. Despite serving integral ecological functions in mangrove ecosystems, the evolutionary history, distribution, and species boundaries of mangrove pit vipers remain poorly understood, partly due to overlapping distributions, confusing phenotypic variations, and the lack of focused studies. Here, we present the first genomic study on mangrove pit vipers and introduce a robust hypothesis-driven species delimitation framework that considers gene flow and phylogenetic uncertainty in conjunction with a novel application of a new class of speciation-based delimitation model implemented through the program Delineate. Our results showed that gene flow produced phylogenetic conflict in our focal species and substantiated the artefactual branch effect where highly admixed populations appear as divergent nonmonophyletic lineages arranged in a stepwise manner at the basal position of clades. Despite the confounding effects of gene flow, we were able to obtain unequivocal support for the recognition of a new species based on the intersection and congruence of multiple lines of evidence. This study demonstrates that an integrative hypothesis-driven approach predicated on the consideration of multiple plausible evolutionary histories, population structure/ differentiation, gene flow, and the implementation of a speciation-based delimitation model can effectively delimit species in the presence of gene flow and phylogenetic conflict.</p>
Data from: Increased male-induced harm in response to female-limited selection: interactive effects between intra- and interlocus sexual conflict?
<p><span>Interlocus sexual conflict (IRSC) occurs because of shared interactions that have opposite effects on male and female fitness. Typically, it is assumed that loci involved in IRSC have sex-limited expression and are thus not directly affected by selective pressures acting on the other sex. However, if loci involved in IRSC have pleiotropic effects in the other sex, intersexual selection can shape the evolutionary dynamics of conflict escalation and resolution, as well as the evolution of reproductive traits linked to IRSC loci, and vice versa. Here we used an artificial selection approach in</span><span> Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix</em> <em>japonica</em>) to test if female-limited selection on reproductive investment affects the amount of harm caused by males during mating. We found that males originating from lines selected for high female reproductive investment caused more oxidative damage in the female reproductive tract than males originating from lines selected for low female reproductive investment. This male-induced damage was specific to the oviduct and not found in other female tissues, suggesting that it was ejaculate-mediated. Our results suggest that intersexual selection shapes the evolution of IRSC and that male-induced harm may contribute to the maintenance of variation in female reproductive investment.</span></p>
The Effect of Review of a Decision Aid Prior to the Appointment on Decisional Conflict Compared to Usual Care in the Treatment of Trapeziometacarpal (TMC) Arthritis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03181724. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Data from: Conflicting functional effects of xylem pit structure relate to the growth-longevity trade-off in a conifer species
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Data from: Increased male-induced harm in response to female-limited selection: interactive effects between intra- and interlocus sexual conflict?
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Supplementary information for: The artefactual branch effect and phylogenetic conflict: Species delimitation with gene flow in mangrove pit vipers (Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus-erythrurus complex)
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Data from: Effects of human-wildlife conflicts on local people’s livelihoods and wildlife conservation in and around Alitash National Park, Northwest Ethiopia
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Data from: Sexual conflict and social networks in bed bugs: Effects of social experience
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Data from: Unraveling conflicting density- and distance-dependent effects on plant reproduction using a spatially-explicit approach
1. Density- and distance-dependent (DDD) mechanisms are important determinants of plant reproductive success (PRS). Different components of sequential PRS can operate either in the same or in different directions and thus reinforce or neutralize each other, and they may also operate at different spatial scales. Thus, spatially-explicit approaches are needed to detect such complex DDD effects across multiple PRS components and spatial scales. 2. To reveal DDD effects of different components of early PRS of the Iberian pear (Pyrus bourgaeana) sampled over three consecutive years, we used marked point pattern analysis. Our special interest is to identify conflicting processes that regulate populations at different spatial scales, e.g. whether DDD on fruit initiation and on fruit development acted in opposite directions. To evaluate the significance of observed mark correlation functions based on empirical data (e.g. fruiting success) we compared them to expectations given by spatially-explicit null models. 3. Diverse DDD processes affected several aspects of PRS in a variable extent over the three seasons. First, early fruit set was higher for individuals with more neighbors at small distances (i.e. up to 40m). However, late P. bourgaeana fruit set decreased with increasing number of nearby neighbors, but these effects canceled for overall fruit set that did not show DDD effects. Second, the absolute number of fruits produced (crop sizes) by trees showed positive density dependence in 2011 and 2012 but not in 2013. Finally, the total number of seeds produced did not show DDD effects, indicating that conflicting demographic processes can disrupt the initial spatial pattern of tree investment in reproduction. 4. Synthesis: Understanding complex spatial effects of density- and distance-dependent (DDD) processes requires dissection of component processes to attain the complete picture since contrasting DDD processes may be hidden behind a single cumulative measure of reproductive success. The combination of novel and classic mark correlation functions used here constitute a powerful spatially-explicit tool that can be broadly applied to unravel conflicting mechanisms of DDD regulating the persistence of sessile organisms at a range of spatial scales. Our findings help to explain why some authors failed to find expected DDD of PRS and highlight the importance of detailed multi-year field studies on plant reproductive success.
Study of Effectiveness and Implementation of a Mental Health Intervention With Conflict-affected Communities in Ukraine
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03058302. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Effect of an Interdisciplinary Shared Decision-Making Intervention on Decisional Conflict in Advanced Cancer Patients Receiving Third-Line Therapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07164365. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 39.
Data from: Unraveling conflicting density- and distance-dependent effects on plant reproduction using a spatially-explicit approach
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Data from: Indirect genetic effects and sexual conflicts: Partner genotype influences multiple morphological and behavioural reproductive traits in a flatworm
The expression of an individual's phenotypic traits can be influenced by genes expressed in its social partners. Theoretical models predict that such indirect genetic effects (IGEs) on reproductive traits should play an important role in determining the evolutionary outcome of sexual conflict. However, empirical tests of (i) whether reproductive IGEs exist, (ii) how they vary among genotypes, and (iii) whether they are uniform for different types of reproductive traits are largely lacking. We addressed this in a series of experiments in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano. We found strong evidence for IGEs on both morphological and behavioural reproductive traits. Partner genotype had a significant impact on the testis size of focal individuals—varying up to 2.4-fold—suggesting that IGEs could mediate sexual conflicts that target the male sex function. We also found that time to first copulation was affected by a genotype × genotype interaction between mating partners, and that partner genotype affected the propensity to copulate and perform the postcopulatory suck behaviour, which may mediate conflicts over the fate of received ejaculate components. These findings provide clear empirical evidence for IGEs on multiple behavioural and morphological reproductive traits, which suggests that the evolutionary dynamics of these traits could be altered by genes contained in the social environment.
Data from: Motherly love curbs harm: maternal effects modulate sexual conflict
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Strong sexual selection frequently favours males that increase their reproductive success by harming females, with potentially negative consequences for population growth. Understanding what factors modulate conflict between the sexes is hence critical to understand both the evolution male and female phenotypes and the viability of populations in the wild. Studies addressing the evolution of sexual conflict have so far considered direct effects on male and female reproductive success along with indirect genetic benefits (e.g. good genes) to females. Here, we model the evolution of male harm while incorporating male-induced maternal effects on offspring quality. We show that, because male harm can induce maternal effects that reduce the quality of a harming male's own offspring, maternal effects can partially align male and female evolutionary interests and significantly curb the evolution of male harm. These effects are independent of population structure and whether male harm comes before (i.e. harassment) or during/after (i.e. traumatic inseminations or toxic ejaculates) mating, and are particularly salient when maternal effects influence offspring ability to inflict (sons) or resist (daughters) harm. Our results fit broadly with available evidence across the tree of life, opening a novel avenue to unravel the evolution of sexual conflict.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Effects of soil resources on expression of a sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity in a mixed-mating plant
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Data from: Indirect genetic effects and sexual conflicts: Partner genotype influences multiple morphological and behavioural reproductive traits in a flatworm
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Data from: Motherly love curbs harm: maternal effects modulate sexual conflict
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Data from: The combined effects of pre- and postcopulatory processes are masking sexual conflict over mating rate in Gerris buenoi
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.