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5 results for “conspicuous behaviors”
Data for: Experimental infections with Euhaplorchis californiensis and a small cyathocotylid increase conspicuous behaviors in California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis)
<p>Some parasites manipulate their host's phenotype to enhance predation rates by the next host in the parasite's life cycle. Our understanding of this "parasite-increased trophic-transmission" is often stymied by study design challenges. A recurring difficulty has been obtaining uninfected hosts with a coevolutionary history with the parasites, and conducting experimental infections that mimic natural processes. In 1996, Lafferty and Morris provided what has become a classic example of parasite-increased trophic-transmission; they reported a positive association between the intensity of a brain-infecting trematode (<em>Euhaplorchis californiensis</em>) in naturally infected California killifish (<em>Fundulus parvipinnis</em>) and the frequency of "conspicuous behaviors", which was thought to explain the documented 10-30x increase in predation by the final host birds. Here, we address the primary gap in that study by using experimental infections to assess causality of<em> E. californiensis</em> infection for increased conspicuous behaviors in <em>F. parvipinnis</em>. We hatched and reared uninfected <em>F. parvipinnis</em> from a population co-occurring with E. californiensis, and infected them 1-2 times/week over half their life span with <em>E. californiensi</em>s and a "small cyathocotylid" trematode (SMCY) that targets the host's muscle tissue. At 3 time-points throughout the hosts' lives, we quantified several conspicuous behaviors: contorting, darting, scratching, surfacing, and vertical positioning relative to the water's surface. <em>Euhaplorchis californiensi</em>s and SMCY infection caused 1.8 and 2.5-fold overall increases in conspicuous behaviors, respectively. Each parasite was also associated with increases in specific conspicuous behaviors, particularly 1.9 and 1.4-fold more darting. These experimental findings help solidify <em>E. californiensis</em>-<em>F. parvipinnis</em> as a classic example of behavioral manipulation. Yet our findings for <em>E. californiensis</em> infection-induced behavioral change were less consistent and strong than those previously documented. We discuss potential explanations for this discrepancy, particularly the idea that behavioral manipulation may be most apparent when fish are actively attacked by predators. Our findings concerning the other studied trematode species, SMCY, highlight that trophically transmitted parasites infecting various host tissues are known to be associated with conspicuous behaviors, reinforcing calls for research examining how communities of trophically transmitted parasites influence host behavior.</p>
Data for: Experimental infections with Euhaplorchis californiensis and a small cyathocotylid increase conspicuous behaviors in California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis)
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Data for: Mobbing for matings: dynamics, plumage correlates, and fitness impacts of conspicuous group extra-pair behaviors in the lark bunting
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Is the conspicuous flag-waving behavior in Anisoscelis alipes (Hemiptera:Coreidae) a social signal?
<p>Exaggerated traits and conspicuous behavior are often assumed to act as social signals, yet some highly ornamented signals have been shown to primarily function in non-social contexts. The matador bug, <em>Anisoscelis alipes</em> (Hemiptera:Coreidae), has large brightly-colored tibial expansions of its hind legs which are used to perform a stereotypic 'waving' behavior, the function of which is unknown. If this phenotype functions primarily as a sexually selected signal, we predicted they would be sexual dimorphic both in morphology and behavior, as well as exhibit positive size allometry. Alternatively, if traits function as non-sexual social signals, the frequency or rate of flag-waving should increase with proximity to conspecifics regardless of sex. Morphologically, we found that both males and females exhibited hind leg expansions, which scaled isometrically with body size. Behaviorally, in experimentally constructed social groups we documented 318 bouts of leg waving with 745 instances of leg-waves. We found no difference in the overall number of waves or the rate of waving between males and females. Further, the sex of individuals in the immediate social environment did not alter the number or rate of leg-waving. In contrast to both sexual and social selection hypotheses, our results reveal that the exaggerated morphology and leg-waving behavior in the matador bug is not sex-specific and occurs more frequently as individuals become further away from each other. The function of leg-waving in <em>A. alipes </em>remains unconfirmed; however, our findings and observations strongly hint at a potential anti-predator function which merits testing in future studies.</p>
Is the conspicuous flag-waving behavior in Anisoscelis alipes (Hemiptera:Coreidae) a social signal?
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.