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22 results for “contagions”
Reverse social contagion as a mechanism for regulating mass behaviors in highly integrated social systems
<h1>Reverse social contagion as a mechanism for regulating mass behaviors in highly integrated social systems</h1> <p>This repository houses supporting data for “Reverse social contagion as a mechanism for regulating mass behaviors in highly integrated social systems”. It contains three archives consisting of multiple files storing inter-individual interactions, trajectory data for multiple colonies of desert harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex californicus), and the code necessary to reproduce the study results. The behavioral data sets were obtained from 30s videos filmed at 15fps. </p> <h2>Description of the data and file structure</h2> <h3>Supplementary_Archive_1.zip</h3> <p>This collection of CSV files contains the antennal contact interactions among individual workers from colonies. Each file name represents the colony code and the data contained in each file belongs to a single colony. Each file contains three columns: The first (1) column represents the tag of an individual observed, the second (2) column represents the tag of the individual it interacted with, and the third (3) column represents the frame of the video at which the interaction occurred.</p> <h3>Supplementary_Archive_2.zip</h3> <p>This group of mdf files contains the trajectory data for each individual of a harvester ant colony. The files were generated using the ImageJ plugin MTrackJ. Each file contains the data of one colony and the filename represents the code of said colony. The data contained in this file is organized in rows and columns. The first row indicates the MTrackJ software version used to generate the file. The second row indicates the displaying preferences for the MTrackJ software. The third and fourth rows indicate the number of assemblies and clusters, respectively. However, this can be safely ignored as the colony was treated as a whole. The rows starting with ‘Track’ indicate the tag of the individual observed followed by its identifying number “Track 1” belongs to individual 1, “Track 2” belongs to individual 2, “Track 3 to individual 3, and so forth. The lines that start with ‘Point’ after each ‘Track’ represent the point in space in the video for each individual in a given frame. The second column after ‘Point’ simply refers to the point ID in the frame “e.g. Point 1”. The third and fourth columns represent the ‘x’ and ‘y’ coordinates in the video frame. The fourth, fifth, and sixth columns represent the dimensions of an image stack. In this case, the fourth and sixth columns are fixed to 1 and the fifth column represents the frame at which the point is taken. Each point is captured in 5-frame increments.</p> <h2>Code/Software</h2> <h3>Supplementary_Archive_3.zip</h3> <p>This archive contains the code necessary to reproduce the results of the study in the form of a Mathematica notebook. It also contains a folder with the trajectory data for each individual of a harvester ant colony, in a simplified format from that available in Supplementary_Archive_2.zip. Each CSV file in this folder corresponds to a different colony. It has four columns, respectively representing the identifying number of the individual observed, the frame number at which the observation, and the ‘x’ and ‘y’ coordinates, in that order. Finally, a XLSX file contains the number of individuals in each colony (first column), the metabolic rate of the colony (second column), and the identifying number of the colony (third column; numbers followed by the letter 's' correspond to size-reduced colonies). </p>
Paradoxes in the co-evolution of contagions and institutions
<p>Epidemic models study the spread of undesired agents through populations, be it infectious diseases through a country, misinformation in social media, or pests infesting a region. In combating these epidemics, we rely neither on global top-down interventions, nor solely on individual adaptations. Instead, interventions commonly come from local institutions such as public health departments, moderation teams on social media platforms, or other forms of group governance. Classic models, which are often individual or agent-based, are ill-suited to capture local adaptations. We leverage developments of institutional dynamics based on cultural group selection to study how groups attempt local control of an epidemic by taking inspiration from the successes and failures of other groups. Incorporating institutional changes into epidemic dynamics reveals paradoxes: a higher transmission rate can result in smaller outbreaks as does decreasing the speed of institutional adaptation. When groups perceive a contagion as more worrisome, they can invest in improved policies and, if they maintain these policies long enough to have impact, lead to a reduction in endemicity. By looking at the interplay between the speed of institutions and the transmission rate of the contagions, we find rich co-evolutionary dynamics that reflect the complexity of known biological and social contagions.</p>
Paradoxes in the co-evolution of contagions and institutions
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Spatially explicit habitat selection: testing contagion and the ideal free distribution with culex mosquitoes
<p>Since its inception, attempts have been made to improve Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) Theory in order make it better fit real-world data. Spatial contagion is a newer ecological concept that suggests the perceived quality of a patch can be affected by the quality of its neighbor patches. Here, we present a series of experiments testing for potential contagion effects, examining how contagion can interact with the IFD, and determining whether spatial context affects assessment of habitat quality. First, we tested whether the presence of conspecific competitors negatively impacts oviposition habitat selection by female mosquitoes (<em>Culex restuans</em>). We then used a more complex spatial landscape to determine whether competition can create a spatial contagion effect. Finally, we examined whether the density of conspecifics can adjust the contagion effect of nutrient availability. We found that while females avoided patches containing conspecifics, there was no effect of competition/density on neighboring patches. Additionally, we found that resource availability was a significant predictor of where egg rafts were laid, but resource availability did not have a contagion effect. These results provide further support for the utility of the IFD, as individuals were able to accurately assess patch-level habitat quality.<br> </p>
USEFULNESS of Topic Ivermectin and Carrageenan to Prevent Contagion of Covid 19
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04425850. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Spatially explicit habitat selection: testing contagion and the ideal free distribution with culex mosquitoes
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Visual and olfactory signals of conspecifics induce emotional contagion in mice
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Positive affective contagion in bumblebees
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Visual contagion in prey defense signals can enhance honest defense
<p>The co-evolutionary arms race between predators and their prey has led to complex signaling, especially in groups that benefit from the social transmission of alarm signals. In particular, pursuit deterrence signals can allow individuals and groups to indicate, at relatively low cost, that a predator’s further approach is futile. Pursuit deterrence signals are usually more effective if amplified by becoming contagious and rapidly spreading among prey without requiring individual prey to confirm predator presence. However, this can also lead to runaway false signaling. We provide the first evidence of a contagious pursuit deterrence signal in social insects. The Asian honey bee, <em>Apis cerana</em>, performs an I See You (ISY) signal that deters attacking hornets. We show that these signals also attract guard bees to enhance defensive signaling and that the visual movements of appropriate stimuli alone (hornets and ISY signaling bees, but not harmless butterflies) provide sufficient stimuli. Olfaction and other potential cues are not necessary. The ISY signal is visually contagious and is buffered from runaway false signalsbecause it is specifically triggered and, likely, by selection for honesty within the highly cooperative bee colony. These results expand our understanding of contagious signals and how they can be honestly maintained in highly cooperative collectives.</p>
Social contagion of affiliation in female macaques
<p>Social contagion of non-interactive behavior is widespread among animals including humans. It is thought to facilitate behavioral synchronization and consequently group cohesion, coordination, and opportunities for social learning. Contagion of interactive behavior - particularly affiliation - has received much less attention. Here, we investigated in female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) the effect of observing group members groom on a subject's subsequent grooming behavior and the potential modulation of contagion by relationship quality and social status. We recorded behavior after subjects witnessed a grooming event and compared it to behavior in a control condition with the same individuals in proximity but in the absence of a stimulus grooming event. Compared to the control condition, after observing others groom, females engaged in a grooming interaction sooner, and were more likely to be the initiator and to take on the active groomer role. Dominance rank of the focal individual and more weakly also of the stimulus individuals affected the latency to the next grooming interaction of the focal subject. Latency to the next grooming interaction decreased with increasing rank of the subject potentially reflecting lower social constraints faced by high ranking individuals in this highly despotic species. Relationship quality between the subject and the stimulus individuals had no effect on latency to grooming. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for visual contagion of affiliation in rhesus macaques. Future studies should explore the systematic variation in contagion of interactive behavior in relation to a gradient of social tolerance.</p>
Mitochondrial genome sequencing of marine leukemias reveals cancer contagion between clam species in the Seas of Southern Europe
<p>Clonally transmissible cancers are tumour lineages that are transmitted between individuals via the transfer of living cancer cells. In marine bivalves, leukemia-like transmissible cancers, called hemic neoplasias, have demonstrated the ability to infect individuals from different species. We performed whole-genome sequencing in eight <i>V. verrucosa</i> clams that were diagnosed with hemic neoplasia, from two sampling points located more than 1,000 nautical miles away in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea Coasts of Spain. Mitochondrial genome sequencing of tumour tissues from neoplastic animals revealed the coexistence of haplotypes from two different clam species. Phylogenies estimated from mitochondrial and nuclear markers confirmed this leukemia originated in <i>C. gallina </i>(or a closely related taxa) and was later transmitted to <i>V. verrucosa</i>, in which it survived as a contagious cancer. The analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences supports all the studied tumours belonging to a single neoplastic <i>C. gallina </i>lineage that spread in the Seas of Southern Europe.</p>
Emotional Contagion, Habenula, and serotonin
<p>The dataset contains raw measures and data assembly related to the interactions between emotional contagion, habenula and serotonin.</p>
A contagion measure provably superior to the reproduction number: theory and a case study of the Yemen cholera epidemic, Datasets
<p>Data used for Yemen cholera epidemic simulation.</p>
Spontaneous mimicry of live facial expressions: A biological mechanism for emotional contagion
<p>Observation of live facial expressions typically elicits similar expressions (facial mimicry) accompanied by shared emotional experiences (emotional contagion). The model of embodied emotion proposes that emotional contagion and facial mimicry are functionally linked although the neural underpinnings are unknown. To address this knowledge gap we employed two-person (n = 20 dyads) functional near-infrared spectroscopy during live emotive face-processing while also measuring eye-tracking, facial classifications, and ratings of emotion. One partner, "Movie Watcher", was instructed to emote natural facial expressions while viewing evocative short movie clips. The other partner, "Face Watcher", viewed the Movie Watcher's face. Dyadic roles were alternated between partners. Task and rest blocks were implemented by timed epochs of clear and opaque glass that separated partners. Correlations of dyadic facial expressions (r = 0.41) and dyadic affect ratings (r = 0.66) were consistent with findings of both emotional contagion and facial mimicry. Neural correlates of emotional contagion based on covariates of partner ratings included right angular and supramarginal gyri. Neural correlates of mimicry associated with partner facial action units include core face recognition system. Thus, the proposed linkages between facial mimicry and emotional contagion represent separate components of face processing.</p>
Data from: Context dependent colonization dynamics: regional reward contagion drives local compression in aquatic beetles
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Social contagion of affiliation in female macaques
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Spontaneous mimicry of live facial expressions: A biological mechanism for emotional contagion
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Data from: Contact and contagion: bighorn sheep demographic states vary in probability of transmission given contact
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Mitochondrial genome sequencing of marine leukemias reveals cancer contagion between clam species in the Seas of Southern Europe
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Mitochondrial contagion induced by Parkin deficiency in Drosophila hearts and its containment by suppressing mitofusin; germline Parkin knockout mouse hearts.
GEO Series GSE74517. Mus musculus. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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