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87 results for “cooling effect”
Results: Predicted cooling effect, deaths prevented and associated economic value from public green spaces in Paris V2
<p>This dataset represents results predicting the cooling effect, deaths prevented and associated economic value for public green spaces in Paris for 40 hot days above the minimum mortality threshold in 2019. </p> <p>This is version 2. The value of a statistical life (VSL) has been corrcted and all values adjusted. </p> <p>The data format is a shapefile with coordinate reference system RGF93 v1 / Lambert-93 (EPSG:2154).</p> <p>Please see the Variable_name csv file for description of the variable names. </p> <p>The (non-reproducible) code is available at https://github.com/j-k-garrett/REGREEN_Paris_heat</p> <p>These results are from the submitted (September 2025) paper entitled:</p> <p><strong><span>Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Heat: Health and Economic Value of Paris’s Public Green Spaces</span></strong></p> <p>Authored by:</p> <p>Joanne K. Garrett<sup>1</sup>, David Neil Bird<sup>2</sup>, Timothy J. Taylor<sup>1</sup>, Elizabeth McCarthy<sup>3</sup>, David H. Fletcher<sup>4</sup>, Benedict W. Wheeler<sup>1</sup>, Marianne Zandersen<sup>5</sup>, Laurence Jones<sup>3</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup>European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK</p> <p><sup>2 </sup>Institute for Climate, Energy and Society, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Graz, Austria</p> <p><sup>3</sup> Department of Environmental Studies, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, USA</p> <p><sup>4</sup> UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, UK</p> <p><sup>5 </sup>Department of Environmental Science, iClimate Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Denmark</p> <p> </p>
Dataset for "Joint optimization of land carbon uptake and albedo can help achieve moderate instantaneous and long-term cooling effects"
<p>Data and Code for 'Joint optimization of land carbon uptake and albedo can help achieve moderate instantaneous and long-term cooling effects' by Graf et al. (Communications Earth and Environment)</p>
Lake effect on summer cooling of shorelines and adjacent inland forests on Lake Superior's north shore
<p>Climate refugia, or areas that are projected to remain relatively stable under climate change, can serve as remnant habitat or steeping stones for species dispersal. The largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area, Lake Superior, serves as a model system for understanding cooling-mediated local refugia, as its cool summer water temperatures and wave action have maintained shoreline habitats suitable for disjunct opulations for arctic-alpine plants since deglaciation. It is known to affect local climates by providing a summer cooling effect near its shorelines, however, the inland gradient of change and spatial patterns of cooling has not been quantified. Here, we describe the extent of the inland cooling gradient, the degree of temperature buffering, and patterns of cooling for Lake Superior's north shore over a 3-year period. Specifically, we established 7 transects along Lake Superior's north shore, with temperature data loggers placed at 10 m, 100 m, 1 km, 10 km, and 100 km inland. We analyzed temperature data by year, month, summer maximum, and growing degree days (GDD<sub>0</sub>) for each site. Summertime cooling at shore sites (10m) was ~5 °C cooler than inland control sites (100 km), while sites 10 km from the shore were still 1.6 °C cooler than control sites. Magnitude of cooling varied geographically, with sites further west and southeast showing little to no cooling effect. Site on the exposed north and northeast shore where disjunct arctic-alpine plants are most common showed the highest degree of temperature buffering. We also found that shoreline sites on the north and northeast shore had shorter growing seasons compared to inland control sites. Finally, the number of days per year warmer than 16 °C, a maximum temperature threshold associated with arctic-alpine plant occurrences, averaged 65 days per year at 10 m sites and 82 days per year at control sites. The north shore of Lake Superior serves as a transition zone between temperate deciduous forests and boreal forests and is predicted to transition to deciduous forests under climate change. An understanding of the extent of lake-mediated cooling on adjacent forests can better inform risk to arctic-alpine disjunct species, inland forests, and overall vegetation transition models on Lake Superior's north shore.</p>
Raw data files for "Estimating the effect of cooling rate on the acquisition of magnetic remanence"
<p># Desciption of the data.</p> <p>The following data set is a collection of TRM acquisition curves in different cooling and field regimes for a selection of grain sizes and elongations. The data is arranged in a direcotory structure in the following way, once the 'sd_cooling_data.zip' file has been unpacked</p> <p>sd_cooling_data/<br> |<br> +-- <grain elongation>pc<br> |<br> +-- <grain size>nm<br> |<br> +-- <field strength>uT<br> |<br> +-- <field x direction>_<field y direction>_<field z direction><br> |<br> +-- 6.00e<exponent>s<br> |<br> +-- model.csv</p> <p>The model.csv file is a comma delimited file consisting of four columns:<br> column 1 - the time in seconds as the grain population cools,<br> column 2 - the temperature in degrees centigrade,<br> column 3 - the 'cooled magnetization' of the population i.e. each grain experiences each temperature step for a finite amount of time,<br> column 4 - the 'equilibrium magnetization' of the population i.e. each grain experiences each temperature step for an infinite amount of time.</p> <p># Reproducing the data.</p> <p>Each model takes a JSON file as input to control its behaviour. Running the model is described on the 'sd-cooling' repository home page</p> <p> https://www.github.org/Lesleis-Nagy/sd-cooling</p> <p>The specific version of the software used to generate this data set has doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5085691.</p> <p>The model JSON used to generate this data set is as follows with input parameters shown between angle brackets.</p> <p>{<br> "material": "magnetite",<br> "sizes": {<br> "list": [<br> {<br> "value": "<size>",<br> "fraction": 1.0<br> }<br> ],<br> "unit": "nm"<br> },<br> "elongations": {<br> "list": [<br> {<br> "value": "<elongation>",<br> "fraction": 1.0<br> }<br> ]<br> },<br> "directions": {<br> "list": [<br> {<br> "value": [<br> 1.0,<br> 0.0,<br> 0.0<br> ],<br> "fraction": 1.0<br> }<br> ]<br> },<br> "applied_field": {<br> "strength": <field strength>,<br> "direction": [<br> <x direction>,<br> <y direction>,<br> <z direction><br> ],<br> "unit": "uT"<br> },<br> "cooling_regime": {<br> "ambient_temperature": 15.0,<br> "initial_temperature": 579.9999,<br> "reference_time": <reference time>,<br> "temperature_at_reference_time": 15.15,<br> "allowable_percentage_drop": 0.005,<br> "stopping_temperature": 50<br> },<br> "outputs": {<br> "model": "model.csv"<br> },<br> "tau0": 1e-10,<br> "epsilon": 1e-15,<br> "n_polish": 0<br> }</p>
Theoretical Models of Ultra-Cool Objects (Brown Dwarfs and Free-Floating Planets) Including Water Latent Heat Effect: Thermal Structure, Spectra, and Photometry
<p><strong>OVERVIEW</strong><br> Data presented here are from the work of Tang et al. (2021), which present a one-dimensional (vertical) atmospheric structure model for ultra-cool objects<br> that includes moist adiabatic convection (water latent heat release effect).<br> Model grids across a range of effective temperatures (350, 300, 250, 200 K), metallicities ([M/H] of 0.0, 0.5, 0.7, 1.5),<br> and gravities (logg of 4.0, 4.5, 4.7, 5.0) that mimic the atmosphere condition of Y-class brown dwarf and Free-Floating Planets.</p> <p><strong>ATMOSPHERIC THERMAL STRUCTURE</strong><br> The pressure-temperature profile are saved under the ./pT_profiles/, which have two folders:</p> <ol> <li>pT_profile_dry_adiabat: for dry adiabatic treatment.</li> <li>pT_profile_moist_adiabat: for moist adiabatic treatment.</li> </ol> <p>File name of each compressed files gives the effective temperature (Teff, in Kelvin), gravity (in MKS), and metallicity (in [M/H]) information as for example:<br> t200g100nc_m0.0.cmp.gz --> Teff of 200K, gravity as 100 m/s2, and [M/H]=0.0.</p> <p>The table formate of the pressure-temperature profile, i.e., the .cmp files, is made to work with the [<a href="https://natashabatalha.github.io/picaso/">PICASO software</a>](https://natashabatalha.github.io/picaso/).<br> Each .cmp file contains</p> <ul> <li>Column 01 (x) : atmosphere pressure level</li> <li>Column 02 (pressure) : atmosphere pressure in bar</li> <li>Column 03 (DEN) : atmosphere density in cm^{-3}</li> <li>Column 04 (temperature) : atmosphere temperature in kelvin</li> <li>Column 05-14 : molecule mixing ratios for H2, He, CH4, H2O, NH3, CO, PH3, H2S, N2, CO2</li> <li>Column 15 (MU) : mean molecular weight in grams/mole</li> </ul> <p><strong>SPECTRA</strong><br> Model spectra are saved under the ./spectra/ with wavelength ranging from 1 to 30 micron.<br> File name of each compressed file gives the effective temperature (Teff, in Kelvin), gravity (in MKS), metallicity (in [M/H]), adiabatic treatment, and<br> the resolving power information as for example:<br> sp_t200_g100_m0.0_dry_R3000.csv.gz --> Teff of 200K, gravity as 100 m/s2, [M/H]=0.0, with dry adiabatic treatment, and R=3000.<br> Each spetrum .cv file contains two columns:</p> <ul> <li>Column 01 wavelength [micron]</li> <li>Column 02 Flux [W/m2/micron], the spectral fluxes are given at the top of the atmosphere, taken to be 1 Jupiter radius.</li> </ul> <p><strong>PHOTOMETRY</strong><br> Photometry data derived from the spectra at the top of the atmosphere (assuming one Jupiter radius) are given in the syn_photometry.csv.<br> Photometry filters are from the Mauna Kea Observatory (MKO) photometry system, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), and the<br> Spitzer Space Telescope. Filter profiles and Vega magnitude zero points are from the [<a href="http://svo2.cab.inta-csic.es/theory/fps/">SVO Filter Profile Service</a>](http://svo2.cab.inta-csic.es/theory/fps/)</p> <ul> <li>Column 01 (gravity) , gravity in MKS</li> <li>Column 02 (teff) , effective temperature in Kelvin</li> <li>Column 03 ([M/H]) , metallicity</li> <li>Column 04-12 , photometry magnitude for IRAC36, IRAC45, W1, W2, GiminiM, MKO_J, MKO_H, MKO_K, MKO_Lp all in Vega system.</li> <li>Column 13 (adiabatic), adiabatic treatment; D: dry adiabatic, M: moist adiabatic</li> </ul> <p><strong>CREDITS</strong><br> Please cite Tang et al. (2021, Astrophysical Journal, in press.)<br> [<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021arXiv210507000T/abstract">ADS link</a>](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021arXiv210507000T/abstract) if you used data here in your research.</p>
Lake effect on summer cooling of shorelines and adjacent inland forests on Lake Superior’s north shore
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: A framework for minimizing remote effects of regional climate interventions: Cooling the Great Barrier Reef without teleconnections
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Data from: Stronger cooling effects of transpiration and morphology of the plants from a hot dry habitat than from a hot wet habitat
1. Leaf temperature exerts an important impact on the microenvironment and physiological processes of leaves. Plants from different habitats have different strategies to regulate leaf temperature. The relative importance of morphology and transpiration for leaf temperature regulation in the hot habitat is still unclear. 2. We investigated 22 leaf morphological traits, transpiration, and thermal properties of 38 canopy species of seedlings in a greenhouse, including 18 dominant species from a hot wet habitat (HW) and 20 dominant species from a hot dry habitat (HD). To separate the impact of transpiration and morphology on leaf temperature, we measured the diurnal courses of leaf temperatures with and without transpiration. The temperature of a reference leaf beside each individual was measured simultaneously to render temperatures comparable. 3. Generally, the species from HD showed lower leaf temperatures than the species from HW under the same conditions. Both transpiration capacity and cooling effect of leaf morphology were stronger for the plants from HD. Active transpiration provides a suitable thermal environment for photosynthesis, while xeromorphic leaves can dampen heat stress when transpiration is suppressed. Higher vein density and stomatal pore area index (SPI) facilitated higher transpiration capacity of the plants from HD. Meanwhile, shorter leaves and thinner lower epidermis of the plants from HD were more efficient in heat transfer, although relationships were much weaker than the synergic effect of all the morphologic traits. 4. Our results confirmed that transpiration and leaf morphology provided double insurance for avoiding overheating, particularly for plant from HD. We emphasize that transpiration is a more effective way to cool leaves than morphology when water is sufficient, which may be an important adaptation for plant from HD where rainfall is sporadic. Our results provide further insight into the relationship between morphology and transpiration for the regulation of leaf temperature, and the co-evolution of gas exchange and thermal regulation of leaves.
Data: Greater local cooling effects of trees across globally distributed urban green spaces
<p>The dataset used for hierarchical linear mixed effects models in the R code during the study. </p><p>The description of the column names is provided in the readme file.</p>
Supplementary Information: Effects of cryo-EM cooling on structural ensembles
<p>This data set contains a pdb file with the ribosome-EF-Tu complex atoms used for analysis. The trajectories (xtc files) contain the ensembles of structures before cooling and after cooling with various cooling time spans.</p> <p>model3_training.zip contains the code to train and and analyse kinetic model3 as well as the rmsf quantiles obtained from MD simulations, and the temperature drop estimates used for the model.</p>
Statistical analyses of the impact of X-ray damage effects on conformational heterogeneity in room temperature (277 K) and cryo-cooled (100 K) protein crystals
<p>These data are published in support of the manuscript "Evaluating the impact of X-ray damage on conformational heterogeneity in room temperature and cryo-cooled protein crystals" submitted to Acta Crystallographica section D, authors:</p> <p>Filip Yabukarski<sup>1,</sup><sup>#,</sup>*, Tzanko Doukov<sup>5</sup>, Daniel A Mokhtari<sup>1</sup>, Siyuan Du<sup>1</sup>, Daniel Herschlag<sup>1,2,3,4</sup><sup>,</sup>*</p> <p><sup>1</sup>Department of Biochemistry, <sup>2</sup>Department of Chemistry, <sup>3</sup>Department of Chemical Engineering, <sup>4</sup>Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States, <sup>5</sup>Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States.</p> <p># Current address: Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, California 92121, United States.</p> <p>* Correspondence: fyabukar@stanford.edu, herschla@stanford.edu</p>
Dataset for: Stronger Response to the Aerosol Indirect Effect due to Cooling in Remote Regions
<p>Data and Python scripts for generating the figures in Huusko, L., Modak, A., & Mauritsen, T. (2022): Stronger Response to the Aerosol Indirect Effect due to Cooling in Remote Regions. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, 49, e2022GL101184. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101184">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101184</a></p>
Preliminary results: Predicted cooling effect, lives saved and associated economic value from public green spaces in Paris
<p><span>This dataset represents preliminary results predicting the cooling effect from public green spaces in Paris for the 10th, 22nd and 24th July 2019, the lives saved and associated economic valuation.</span></p> <p>The data format is a shapefile with coordinate reference system RGF93 v1 / Lambert-93 (EPSG:2154).</p> <p>Please see the README file for description of the variable names. </p> <p>Full results will be shared in due course, alongside all code and a detailed description of the method. If you would like to know more about the method or would like to be informed when the full results and method are published, please contact Jo Garrett at j.k.garrett@Exeter.ac.uk</p>
Effects of Energetic Electron and Proton Precipitations on Thermospheric Nitric Oxide Cooling during shock-led Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections
<p>Satellite measurements have revealed significant enhancement of 5.3-µm nitric oxide (NO) emission during shock-led interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Great discrepancies in modeled neutral density occur during these events, and may be attributed to the abnormally high NO cooling. Meanwhile, the relative significance of protons, soft electrons, and keV-electrons to NO emission is yet to be well determined. The goal of this study is to identify the contribution of electron and proton precipitations to the thermospheric NO cooling by using the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) data. The observed energetic electrons and protons (0.1–30.2 keV) during 36 shock-led ICME events in 2002–2010 are binned into geomagnetic grids to provide statistical distributions of the particle precipitation for polar regions. The distributions are incorporated into the Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model. The results show that electrons play a dominant role to NO cooling, but protons are also important and contribute to up to a quarter of NO cooling by electrons and ions combined. NO cooling enhancement during the events is proportional to the level of energy flux and is dominated by the electrons in the energy band of 1.4–3.1 keV. Both total electron content (TEC) and NO cooling enhance at the source regions, but they have different lifetime and correlation with the particle precipitations. Generally, NO cooling and TEC enhancements have a positive correlation with the precipitating energy. Cross correlation shows that particle precipitations have more direct and instantaneous impact on TEC while it takes longer for the atmosphere to heat up for cooling to proceed.</p>
Local Changes of Skin Characteristics After an Application of a Topical Product With a Warming or Cooling Effect
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03016221. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
To Study the Effect of Early Cooling in Acute Subdural Hematoma Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02064959. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Effect of Different E-cigarette Cooling Flavors on Adults' Sensory Experience TCORS 3.0
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05932693. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Pre-ROSC Intra-Nasal Cooling Effectiveness
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00808236. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 5. Publications: 2.
Data from: Evaluating the effects of cotton intercropping on cool‐season perennial forage persistence, forage mass, and nutritive value in the southeastern United States
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Integrating forest inventory and LiDAR observations to uncover the role of plant traits on cooling and humidifying effects in urban areas
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