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Рис. 87–96. КопуΛятивные органы виΑов роΑа Zelotes. 87–88, 90–91, 93–94 – Z. gallicus; 89, 92, 95–96 – Z. pseudogallicus. 87–92 – паΛьпа самца вентраΛьно; 93–96 – эпигина: 93, 95 – вентраΛьно, 94, 96 – ΑорсаΛьно. ЭкземпΛяры: 87, 90 – из Αагонаки, АΑыгея; 88, 91, 93–94 – из Верхнего Зарамага, Северная Осетия; 89, 92, 95–96 – из Ростовской обΛасти. Масштабные Λинейки 0.25 мм. Figs 87–96. Copulatory organs of Zelotes spp. 87–88, 90–91, 93–94 – Z. gallicus; 89, 92, 95–96 – Z. pseudogallicus; 87–92 – male palp, ventral view; 93–96 – epigyne: 93, 95 – ventral view, 94, 96 – dorsal view. Specimens: 87, 90 – from Lagonaki, Adygea; 88, 91, 93–94 – from Verkhniy Zaramag, North Ossetia; 89, 92, 95–96 – from Rostov Region. Scale bars 0.25 mm. in A review of spiders of the genus Zelotes Gistel, 1848 of the subterraneus-group (Aranei: Gnaphosidae) from the Caucasus and Ciscaucasia
Рис. 87–96. КопуΛятивные органы виΑов роΑа Zelotes. 87–88, 90–91, 93–94 – Z. gallicus; 89, 92, 95–96 – Z. pseudogallicus. 87–92 – паΛьпа самца вентраΛьно; 93–96 – эпигина: 93, 95 – вентраΛьно, 94, 96 – ΑорсаΛьно. ЭкземпΛяры: 87, 90 – из Αагонаки, АΑыгея; 88, 91, 93–94 – из Верхнего Зарамага, Северная Осетия; 89, 92, 95–96 – из Ростовской обΛасти. Масштабные Λинейки 0.25 мм. Figs 87–96. Copulatory organs of Zelotes spp. 87–88, 90–91, 93–94 – Z. gallicus; 89, 92, 95–96 – Z. pseudogallicus; 87–92 – male palp, ventral view; 93–96 – epigyne: 93, 95 – ventral view, 94, 96 – dorsal view. Specimens: 87, 90 – from Lagonaki, Adygea; 88, 91, 93–94 – from Verkhniy Zaramag, North Ossetia; 89, 92, 95–96 – from Rostov Region. Scale bars 0.25 mm.
Рис. 80–86. КопуΛятивные органы Zelotes dagestanus Ponomarev, sp. n. 80–83 – паΛьпа самца: 80–82 – вентраΛьно, 83 – ΛатераΛьно; 84 – буΛьбус ΛатераΛьно; 85–86 – эпигина: 85 – вентраΛьно, 86 – ΑорсаΛьно. 80, 82–86 – экземпΛяры с бархана Сарыкум, Δагестан; 81 – экземпΛяр из окрестностей с. Гаша, Δагестан. Масштабная Λинейка 0.25 мм. Figs 80–86. Copulatory organs of Zelotes dagestanus Ponomarev, sp. n. 80–83 – male palp: 80–82 – ventral view, 83 – lateral view; 84 – bulbus, lateral view; 85–86 – epigyne: 85 – ventral view, 86 – dorsal view. 80, 82–86 – specimens from barkhan Sarykum, Dagestan; 81 – specimen from Gasha village environs, Dagestan. Scale bar 0.25 mm. in A review of spiders of the genus Zelotes Gistel, 1848 of the subterraneus-group (Aranei: Gnaphosidae) from the Caucasus and Ciscaucasia
Рис. 80–86. КопуΛятивные органы Zelotes dagestanus Ponomarev, sp. n. 80–83 – паΛьпа самца: 80–82 – вентраΛьно, 83 – ΛатераΛьно; 84 – буΛьбус ΛатераΛьно; 85–86 – эпигина: 85 – вентраΛьно, 86 – ΑорсаΛьно. 80, 82–86 – экземпΛяры с бархана Сарыкум, Δагестан; 81 – экземпΛяр из окрестностей с. Гаша, Δагестан. Масштабная Λинейка 0.25 мм. Figs 80–86. Copulatory organs of Zelotes dagestanus Ponomarev, sp. n. 80–83 – male palp: 80–82 – ventral view, 83 – lateral view; 84 – bulbus, lateral view; 85–86 – epigyne: 85 – ventral view, 86 – dorsal view. 80, 82–86 – specimens from barkhan Sarykum, Dagestan; 81 – specimen from Gasha village environs, Dagestan. Scale bar 0.25 mm.
Рис. 47–56. КопуΛятивные органы самцов. 47–48 – Zelotes fuscus; 49–56 – Z. subterraneus. 47, 49, 51–52, 54 – паΛьпы вентраΛьно; 48, 50, 53, 55–56 – буΛьбусы ΛатераΛьно. ЭкземпΛяры: 47–50 – из Северной Осетии: 47–48 – Тамиск, окрестности АΛагира, 49 – БаΑ, 50 – Бурон; 51 – из Хосты, КрасноΑарский край; 52–53 – из Южной Осетии; 54–56 – из КаΛужской обΛасти. Масштабная Λинейка 0.25 мм. Figs 47–56. Male copulatory organs. 47–48 – Zelotes fuscus; 49–56 – Z. subterraneus. 47, 49, 51–52, 54 – palps, ventral view; 48, 50, 53, 55–56 – bulbus, lateral view. Specimens: 47–50 – from North Ossetia: 47–48 – Tamisk, 49 – Bad, 50 – Buron; 51 – from Khosta, Krasnodar Region; 52–53 – from South Ossetia; 54–56 – Kaluga Region. Scale bar 0.25 mm. in A review of spiders of the genus Zelotes Gistel, 1848 of the subterraneus-group (Aranei: Gnaphosidae) from the Caucasus and Ciscaucasia
Рис. 47–56. КопуΛятивные органы самцов. 47–48 – Zelotes fuscus; 49–56 – Z. subterraneus. 47, 49, 51–52, 54 – паΛьпы вентраΛьно; 48, 50, 53, 55–56 – буΛьбусы ΛатераΛьно. ЭкземпΛяры: 47–50 – из Северной Осетии: 47–48 – Тамиск, окрестности АΛагира, 49 – БаΑ, 50 – Бурон; 51 – из Хосты, КрасноΑарский край; 52–53 – из Южной Осетии; 54–56 – из КаΛужской обΛасти. Масштабная Λинейка 0.25 мм. Figs 47–56. Male copulatory organs. 47–48 – Zelotes fuscus; 49–56 – Z. subterraneus. 47, 49, 51–52, 54 – palps, ventral view; 48, 50, 53, 55–56 – bulbus, lateral view. Specimens: 47–50 – from North Ossetia: 47–48 – Tamisk, 49 – Bad, 50 – Buron; 51 – from Khosta, Krasnodar Region; 52–53 – from South Ossetia; 54–56 – Kaluga Region. Scale bar 0.25 mm.
Figure 1. Copulatory organ characters and terminology. A–B. Brommella linyuchengi Li in New cave-dwelling spiders of the family Dictynidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Guangxi and Guizhou, China
Figure 1. Copulatory organ characters and terminology. A–B. Brommella linyuchengi Li, sp. nov. C. Lathys inaffecta Li, sp. nov. D–E. Brommella chongzuoensis Li, sp. nov. F–G. Brommella sejuncta Li, sp. nov. A. Left pedipalpus, ventral view. B–C. Left pedipalpus, retrolateral view. D, F. Epigynum, ventral view. E, G. Vulva, dorsal view.
Рис. 1–8. КопуΛятивные органы Zelotes abdurakhmanovi sp. n. (1–6) и Zelotes mikhailovi (7–8). 1–2, 7 – эпигина, вентраΛьно; 3–6, 8 – паΛьпа и буΛьбус самцов: 3 – паΛьпа, вентраΛьно (MA – меΔиаΛьный отросток, E – эмбоΛюс, TA – терминаΛьный отросток), 4 – паΛьпа, ретроΛатераΛьно, 5 – апикаΛьная часть буΛьбуса, ΔорсаΛьно, 6 – буΛьбус, проΛатераΛьно, 8 – буΛьбус, ΔорсаΛьно. Figs 1–8. Copulatory organs of Zelotes abdurakhmanovi sp. n. (1–6) and Zelotes mikhailovi (7–8). 1–2, 7 – epigyne, ventral view; 3–6, 8 – male palp and bulbus: 3 – palp, ventral view (MA – median apohysis, E – embolus, TA – terminal apophysis), 4 – palp, retrolateral view, 5 – apical part of bulbus, dorsal view, 6 – bulbus, prolateral view, 8 – bulbus, dorsal view. in A new species of spiders of the genus Zelotes Gistel, 1848 (Aranei: Gnaphosidae) from the North-East Pre-Caspian region
Рис. 1–8. КопуΛятивные органы Zelotes abdurakhmanovi sp. n. (1–6) и Zelotes mikhailovi (7–8). 1–2, 7 – эпигина, вентраΛьно; 3–6, 8 – паΛьпа и буΛьбус самцов: 3 – паΛьпа, вентраΛьно (MA – меΔиаΛьный отросток, E – эмбоΛюс, TA – терминаΛьный отросток), 4 – паΛьпа, ретроΛатераΛьно, 5 – апикаΛьная часть буΛьбуса, ΔорсаΛьно, 6 – буΛьбус, проΛатераΛьно, 8 – буΛьбус, ΔорсаΛьно. Figs 1–8. Copulatory organs of Zelotes abdurakhmanovi sp. n. (1–6) and Zelotes mikhailovi (7–8). 1–2, 7 – epigyne, ventral view; 3–6, 8 – male palp and bulbus: 3 – palp, ventral view (MA – median apohysis, E – embolus, TA – terminal apophysis), 4 – palp, retrolateral view, 5 – apical part of bulbus, dorsal view, 6 – bulbus, prolateral view, 8 – bulbus, dorsal view.
Рис. 1–10. КопуΛятивные органы и ΔетаΛи строения паΛьп самцов Haplodrassus alexeevi sp. n. (1, 3, 4, 8), H. umbratilis (2, 5, 6, 9) и H. soerenseni (7, 10). 1–2 – паΛьпа, вентраΛьно; 3, 5, 7 – буΛьбус, вентраΛьно; 4, 6 – буΛьбус, вентро-ΛатераΛьно; 8–10 – отросток гоΛени паΛьпы. Масштабные Λинейки 0.2 мм. Figs 1–10. Copulatory organs and details of structure of male palps of Haplodrassus alexeevi sp. n. (1, 3, 4, 8), H. umbratilis (2, 5, 6, 9) and H. soerenseni (7, 10). 1–2 – palp, ventral view; 3, 5, 7 – bulbus, ventral view; 4, 6 – bulbus, ventro-lateral view; 8–10 – tibial apophysis. Scale bars 0.2 mm. in A new species of spiders of the genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 (Aranei: Gnaphosidae) from the Northern Pre-Caspian area
Рис. 1–10. КопуΛятивные органы и ΔетаΛи строения паΛьп самцов Haplodrassus alexeevi sp. n. (1, 3, 4, 8), H. umbratilis (2, 5, 6, 9) и H. soerenseni (7, 10). 1–2 – паΛьпа, вентраΛьно; 3, 5, 7 – буΛьбус, вентраΛьно; 4, 6 – буΛьбус, вентро-ΛатераΛьно; 8–10 – отросток гоΛени паΛьпы. Масштабные Λинейки 0.2 мм. Figs 1–10. Copulatory organs and details of structure of male palps of Haplodrassus alexeevi sp. n. (1, 3, 4, 8), H. umbratilis (2, 5, 6, 9) and H. soerenseni (7, 10). 1–2 – palp, ventral view; 3, 5, 7 – bulbus, ventral view; 4, 6 – bulbus, ventro-lateral view; 8–10 – tibial apophysis. Scale bars 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 34. Acanthoctenus remotus Chickering, 1960, copulatory organs. A–B in Revision of the Neotropical spider genus Acanthoctenus (Araneae: Ctenidae Acanthocteninae)
FIGURE 34. Acanthoctenus remotus Chickering, 1960, copulatory organs. A–B, male palp (holotype, MCZ 22882); A, ventral; B, retrolateral; C–D, female genitalia (paratype, MCZ 22882); C, epigynum, ventral. D, internal genitalia, dorsal.
FIGURE 23. Acanthoctenus gaujoni Simon, 1906, copulatory organs. A–B in Revision of the Neotropical spider genus Acanthoctenus (Araneae: Ctenidae Acanthocteninae)
FIGURE 23. Acanthoctenus gaujoni Simon, 1906, copulatory organs. A–B, male palp (MNHN); A, ventral; B, retrolateral. C–D, female genitalia (MNHN); C, epigynum, ventral; D, internal genitalia, dorsal.
FIGURE 12. Acanthoctenus spiniger Keyserling, 1877, copulatory organs. A–B in Revision of the Neotropical spider genus Acanthoctenus (Araneae: Ctenidae Acanthocteninae)
FIGURE 12. Acanthoctenus spiniger Keyserling, 1877, copulatory organs. A–B, male palp (holotype NHB 1890.7.1.2924); A, ventral; B, retrolateral. C–D, female genitalia (CAS); C, epigynum, ventral; D, internal genitalia, dorsal.
FIGURE 16. Acanthoctenus spinipes Keyserling, 1877, copulatory organs. A–B in Revision of the Neotropical spider genus Acanthoctenus (Araneae: Ctenidae Acanthocteninae)
FIGURE 16. Acanthoctenus spinipes Keyserling, 1877, copulatory organs. A–B, male palp (ICN-Ar4667); A, ventral; B, retrolateral. C–D, female genitalia (ICN-Ar73); C, epigynum, ventral; D, internal genitalia, dorsal.
FIGURE 4. Male copulatory organ. A. Dendromonocotyle citrosa n in Overview of South African Dendromonocotyle (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), with descriptions of 2 new species from stingrays (Dasyatidae) kept in public aquaria
FIGURE 4. Male copulatory organ. A. Dendromonocotyle citrosa n. sp. ex Two Oceans Aquarium, distal portion of male copulatory organ. B. Dendromonocotyle citrosa ex uShaka Sea World Aquarium: sf – spiral filament. C. Dendromonocotyle ukuthena n. sp. male copulatory organ (mco): eb – ejaculatory bulb, mdist – missing distal portion of male copulatory organ, ms – muscular sheath. D. Distal portion of male copulatory organ of D. ukuthena n. sp. showing criss-crossed sperm duct (sd). E. Missing distal portion of male copulatory organ of D. ukuthena n. sp. with area of possible point of breakage (bp). F. Distal portion of male copulatory organ of D. colorni showing the accessory flange (af) and spiral filament (sf). G. Possible area of D. ukuthena n. sp distal portion of male copulatory organ re-growth (r): bp – breakage point, sd – criss-crossed sperm duct. Scale bar =. Scale bars: A, B, D, F = 100μm; C, E, G = 50μm.
FIGURES 55–59. Barronopsis texana, female copulatory organs. 55 in Systematics and natural history of Barronopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae), with description of a new species
FIGURES 55–59. Barronopsis texana, female copulatory organs. 55, cranial view. Gaston County, North Carolina; 56, oblique ventral view. Gaston County, North Carolina; 57, ventral view. Oconee County, South Carolina; 58, ventral view. Oconee County, South Carolina; 59, dorsal view. Lamar County, Mississippi. Scale bar= 0.2 mm. AH—atrium height, ag—atrial guide, at—atrium, cd—copulatory duct, fd—fertilization duct, hs— spermatheca head, pr1—porous region 1, sb1—spermatheca blind duct 1, sbd2—spermatheca blind duct 2.
FIGURES 51–65. Sinopoda spp. holotype females, copulatory organ. 51–54 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 51–65. Sinopoda spp. holotype females, copulatory organ. 51–54 Sinopoda guap spec. nov. from Tham Nam Non, Khammuan;. 55–60 Sinopoda soong spec. nov. from Tham Pha Yot, Khammuan;. 60-65 Sinopoda scurion spec. nov. from foot cave close to Thakek, Khammuan. (51, 55, 61 epigyne, ventral; 52, 58, 62 vulva, dorsal [58 with membranous sac expanded]; 53, 60, 63, 65 schematic course of internal duct system; 54, 64 right half of internal duct system, lateral; 56 epigyne, frontal; 57 epigyne, lateral; 59 vulva, frontal).
FIGURES 24–35. Sinopoda spp. females, copulatory organ. 24–26 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 24–35. Sinopoda spp. females, copulatory organ. 24–26 Sinopoda sitkao spec. nov. holotype from Tham Doun Mai, Luang Prabang; 27–29 Sinopoda taa spec. nov. holotype from Tham Ngiene, Luang Prabang; 30–32 Sinopoda suang spec. nov. holotype from Tham Ho Neung, Huaphan; 33–35 Sinopoda peet spec. nov. holotype from Tham Ma Liong, Huaphan (24, 27, 30, 33 epigyne, ventral; 25, 28, 31, 34 vulva, dorsal; 26, 29, 32, 35 schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal). AP—anterior part of internal duct system, LF—lateral furrow.
FIGURES 56–60. Lathys spasskyi from Kyrgyzstan, copulatory organs. 56 Bulbus, dorsal. 57 Epigyne, ventral. 58 in A survey of Palaearctic Dictynidae (Araneae). 1. Taxonomic notes on Dictynomorpha Spassky, 1939, Brigittea Lehtinen, 1967 and Lathys Simon, 1884
FIGURES 56–60. Lathys spasskyi from Kyrgyzstan, copulatory organs. 56 Bulbus, dorsal. 57 Epigyne, ventral. 58 Atrium of epigyne showing copulatory opening (Oc). 59–60 Epigyne (59 dorsal, 60 dorso-frontal). Scales = 0.1 mm, if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: Co—copulatory opening; Eb—base of embolus; Es—septum; Fo—fovea; Hl—horizontal loop of insemination duct; Re—receptacle; Vl—ventral loop of insemination duct.
FIGURES 31–32 in A survey of the Sumatran Ctenidae (Araneae). 4. A new species of Acantheis Thorell, 1891 with unique copulatory organs morphology
FIGURES 31–32. Collecting locality of Acantheis kazanstevae sp. nov. The frame on Fig. 31 refers to the content of Fig. 32.
FIGURES 1–4 in A survey of the Sumatran Ctenidae (Araneae). 4. A new species of Acantheis Thorell, 1891 with unique copulatory organs morphology
FIGURES 1–4. Habitus of Acantheis kazantsevae sp. nov., male (1–2) and female (3–4). 1, 3—dorsal; 2, 4—ventral. Scale: 2 mm.
FIGURES 25–30 in A survey of the Sumatran Ctenidae (Araneae). 4. A new species of Acantheis Thorell, 1891 with unique copulatory organs morphology
FIGURES 25–30. Acantheis kazanstevae sp. nov., epigyne, intact (25) and macerated (26–30). 25, 26, 29—ventral, 27, 30— dorsal, 28—posterior. Scale bar: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: CO—copulatory opening, LT—lateral tooth, SS—septal stem, SB— septal base, CD—copulatory duct, ReI—receptacle's chamber I, ReII—receptacle's chamber II.
FIGURES 20–24 in A survey of the Sumatran Ctenidae (Araneae). 4. A new species of Acantheis Thorell, 1891 with unique copulatory organs morphology
FIGURES 20–24. SEM photographs of bulb (20), tegular apophysis (21), epigyne (22) and ventral spine's locking mechanism in female's femorae I (23–24) of Acantheis kazantsevae sp. nov. Scale: 20=0.3 mm; 21–22=0.1 mm; 23–24=0.02 mm. Abbreviations: AE—embolic arm, AT—anterior arm of tegular apophysis, C—conductor, CO—copulatory opening, ET— embolic tip, PT—posterior arm of tegular apophysis, St—subtegulum, TA—tegular apophysis, TC—cavity of tegular apophysis, TE—prolateral extension.
FIGURES 11–19 in A survey of the Sumatran Ctenidae (Araneae). 4. A new species of Acantheis Thorell, 1891 with unique copulatory organs morphology
FIGURES 11–19. Male palp (11–15) and bulb (16–19) of Acantheis kazantsevae sp. nov. 11, 16—prolateral; 12, 17—ventral; 13, 15, 18—retrolateral; 14—dorsal; 19—anterior. Scale: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: AE—embolic arm, AT—anterior arm of tegular apophysis, C—conductor, E—embolus, ES—embolic spur, ET—embolic tip, PT—posterior arm of tegular apophysis, Sf—sperm duct, St—subtegulum, T—tegulum, TC—cavity of tegular apophysis, TE—prolateral extension, VB—ventrad bulge, VE—ventral extension, VTA—ventral tibial apophysis.
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