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25 results for “coral recovery”
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Dead coral skeletons impair key recovery processes following coral bleaching; data for Kopecky et al., 2024 Global Change Biology
The data included in this data package were collected on the North shore of Moorea, French Polynesia, from 2015-2023 to explore how dead coral skeletons (e.g,, left after coral bleaching events) influence critical processes tied to coral reef resilience. Together, these various datasets were used for analyses in the manuscript entitled "Changing disturbance regimes, material legacies, and stabilizing feedbacks: dead coral skeletons impair key recovery processes following coral bleaching", published in Global Change Biology. These data are in support of a publication Kopecky et al. (2024) Global Change Biology, and were a part of the thesis of K. Kopecky. The manuscript title and author list are as follows: Changing disturbance regimes, material legacies, and stabilizing feedbacks: dead coral skeletons impair key recovery processes following coral bleaching. Kai Kopecky, Russell J. Schmitt, Sally J. Holbrook. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 22-24354 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2024). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
Evaluating the precariousness of coral recovery when coral and macroalgae are alternative basins of attraction
When coral and macroalgae are alternative attractors, the trajectory of the benthic community following a major disturbance is shaped in part by whether herbivores keep macroalgae suppressed, leaving reef surfaces in a state suitable for coral colonization. Because macroalgae tend to colonize much faster than coral, an important issue is how close ambient herbivory is to the level where control of macroalgae is lost, that is, the precariousness of the coral-invasible state relative to the switch-point to macroalgae. In Moorea, French Polynesia, reefs dominated by the macroalga Turbinaria ornata remained so for multiple population turnovers, whereas reefs where Turbinaria was removed by a simulated pulse disturbance remained free of macroalgae throughout the 5-yr study. A field experiment revealed that macroalgae was unable to proliferate on disturbed reefs until ambient herbivory was reduced by more than 50%. Low precariousness of the coral-invasible state facilitated a gradual transition to a coral community because it allowed sufficient time for coral to repopulate. Accumulation of coral on disturbed reefs was 3.5 times greater than on undisturbed, Turbinaria-dominated reefs. Long-term persistence of the coral-invasible state was facilitated by high abundances of grazing herbivores that prevent the establishment of macroalgae, whereas persistence of the Turbinaria-dominated state reflected the scarcity of browsing herbivores that consume mature macroalgae. By revealing processes that foster bistability of coral and macroalgae states, our work helps explain the rich dynamical behavior exhibited by coral reef communities in Moorea and elsewhere. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-c
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Early life stage bottleneck determines rates of coral recovery following severe disturbance; Data for Speare et al., 2024, Ecology
The data included in this data package were collected on the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia, from 2011-2018 to evaluate drivers of different recovery rates of corals at two depths (10m and 17m). Data on juvenile coral densities, growth, and mortality, were collected from annual time series photoquadrats. Data from two experiments on coral settlement tiles were used to evaluate how exclusion of fishes influences the density of coral recruits, and the survival of coral recruits at 10 and 17m. These data were used for analyses in the manuscript entitled "Early life stage bottleneck determines rates of coral recovery following severe disturbance". These data are in support of a publication Speare et al. (2024) Ecology. This material uses data collected by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research (MCR LTER) site under Grant No. OCE 2224354 (and earlier awards). Additional financial support to the MCR LTER site was provided through a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2024).
Data from: Local environment and coral composition affect recovery and determine long-term coral responses to recurrent mass mortalities in the Lakshadweep Archipelago
<p>A quarter century after the first global coral bleaching event in 1998, reports differ on the relative importance of anthropogenic influences, local environment and bleaching recurrence in determining the resilience of coral reefs. While life history traits largely determine how corals respond to temperature anomalies, it is unclear if these traits also determine how corals fare over time. From 1998 to 2022, we tracked compositional changes in reefs across the Lakshadweep Archipelago to explore how global El Niño events, and local environment (wave climate and depth) influenced coral responses to repeated mass bleaching. From the 1998 to the 2016 bleaching event, the magnitude of coral mortality reduced overall, particularly at deeper reefs (shallow: -38% to -3%; deep: -18% to -0.45%). Post-bleaching recovery correlated positively with higher wave exposure, linked to the creation of stable structures for coral settlement and survival. Across bleaching phases, recovery was initially slow (6-7 years post-mortality), but, given time, showed a much steeper increase, led by space-occupying genera like <em>Acropora</em>. However, recurring mass bleaching maintained coral cover low (~15% across all sites). These broad trends mask dynamic compositional patterns. Genera such as <em>Porites</em>, <em>Pocillopora</em>, and <em>Favia</em> declined less through time compared to <em>Acanthastrea</em>, <em>Turbinaria</em>, <em>Psammocora</em> and <em>Plesiastrea </em>among others. We identified six community clusters that describe contrasting long-term responses to local and global factors, mediated by depth and wave exposure. Interestingly, genera with different functional traits cluster together indicating that bleaching susceptibility interacts with depth and exposure, creating a spatial mosaic of coral assemblages. These clusters serve as a predictive, site-specific framework to understand the dynamically shifting but declining assemblage of Lakshadweep reefs. While local management could help maintain this changing composition, urgent global action is needed to secure the long-term ecological integrity of tropical reefs.</p>
Data from: Natural coral recovery despite negative population growth
<p>Demographic processes that ensure the recovery and resilience of marine populations are critical as climate change sends an increasing proportion on a trajectory of decline. Yet for some populations, recovery potential remains high. We conducted annual monitoring over 9-years (2012–2020) to assess the recovery of coral<em> </em>populations belonging to genus <em>Pocillopora</em>. These populations experienced a catastrophic collapse following a severe typhoon in 2009. From the start of the monitoring period, high initial recruitment led to the establishment of a juvenile population that rapidly transitioned to sexually mature adults, which dominated the population within six years after the disturbance. As a result, coral cover increased from 1.1% to 20.2% during this time. To identify key demographic drivers of recovery and population growth rates (λ), we applied kernel resampled Integral Projection Models (IPMs), constructing eight successive models to examine annual change. IPMs were able to capture reproductive traits as key demographic drivers over the initial 3 years, whilst individual growth was a continuous key demographic driver throughout the entire monitoring period. IPMs further detected a pulse of reproductive output subsequent to two further Category 5 typhoon events during the monitoring period, exemplifying key mechanisms of resilience for coral populations impacted by disturbance. Despite rapid recovery, (i.e., increased coral cover, individual colony growth, low mortality), IPMs estimated predominantly negative values of λ, indicating a declining population. Indeed, whilst λ translates to a change in the number of individuals, the recovery of coral populations can also be driven by an increase in the size of coral surviving colonies. Our results illustrate that accumulating long-term data of historical dynamics and applying IPMs to extract demographic drivers are crucial for future predictions that are based on comprehensive and robust understandings of ecological change. </p>
Figure 3 in Corals and reefs of Cosmoledo and Aldabra atolls: Extent of damage, assemblage shifts and recovery following the severe mortality of 1998
Figure 3. Visual estimates of coral cover at various depths on seaward slopes (diamonds) and lagoon patch reefs (open circles). The dotted curve indicates hypothetical or possible approximate maximum pre-bleaching coral cover with depth, based on maximum values found in patches here at shallow and intermediate depths. The solid curve is a third-order polynomial fit of the seaward reef cover values. Average seaward reef mortality is suggested by the gap between the two curves. The arrow marks the approximate transition depth.
Figure 2 in Corals and reefs of Cosmoledo and Aldabra atolls: Extent of damage, assemblage shifts and recovery following the severe mortality of 1998
Figure 2. (a) Seaward reef slope of West Cosmoledo. This is typical of shallow seaward slopes of south, through west to the north, showing very limited coral growth, but presence of algae. (b) Dead Millepora colonies in the lagoon are extensive, without sign of live growth and few new recruits. (c) Acropora palifera, showing recovery on shallow seaward slopes. It is growing on the side of a large dead colony of the same species. (d) Dead Acropora cytherea, eroded but still standing. Most examples in November 2002 were remnants of stumps. A new Acropora has since settled on the table. The yellow device is a newly installed temperature logger.
Figure 1 in Corals and reefs of Cosmoledo and Aldabra atolls: Extent of damage, assemblage shifts and recovery following the severe mortality of 1998
Figure 1. The Aldabra group of atolls, showing survey sites. Top left: location map, rectangle shows location of the four components of the Aldabra group; top right: World Vector Shoreline outline of the four groups; lower right: Cosmoledo Atoll (scanned image from map); lower left: Aldabra (from a Landsat MSS). On lower maps, dots indicate sample sites in lagoon and seaward sites, rectangles indicate sample sites in main channels. In Cosmoledo, lagoon sites are pooled. On seaward side of Cosmoledo, sites were West (Menai Island), North (North Island) and North-West (midway between the two). Seaward site in Aldabra was 300–500 m north of the field station (marked by ×). All sites in Cosmoledo lagoon had radii of at least 100 m, or, on seaward sites, along at least 200 m of reef between 0 and 30 m depth.
Data from: Natural coral recovery despite negative population growth
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Data from: Local environment and coral composition affect recovery and determine long-term coral responses to recurrent mass mortalities in the Lakshadweep Archipelago
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Data for: Microbiome and metabolic dynamics shape coral post-stress recovery
<p>This is the data underlying the analysis for the coral experiment described in the article: "Microbiome and metabolic dynamics shape coral post-stress recovery"</p> <p>It contains:</p> <ul> <li>The endosymbiotic symbiodiniaceae density calculated to surface area per sample and analytical replicate 4-6.</li> <li>Bactiral taxa identfied and the number of sequence reads assign to that ID (ASV) for each sample.</li> <li>Meta data for the samples collected, linking the sample number to experimental treatments and replicates.</li> <li>Lipid data including the concentration of fatty acids in each sample collected.</li> <li>Protein concentrations in each sample including sample (coral nubin) surface area </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data from: The genomics of recovery from coral bleaching
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Recovery of reef shark populations invokes anti-predator behaviours in mesopredatory reef fishes on a coral reef
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Data from: Fine-scale environmental specialization of reef- building corals might be limiting reef recovery in the Florida Keys
Despite decades of monitoring global reef decline, we are still largely unable to explain patterns of reef deterioration at local scales, which precludes the development of effective management strategies. Offshore reefs of the Florida Keys, USA, experience milder temperatures and lower nutrient loads in comparison to inshore reefs yet remain considerably more degraded than nearshore patch reefs. A year-long reciprocal transplant experiment of the mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) involving four source and eight transplant locations reveals that corals adapt and/or acclimatize to their local habitat on a <10-km scale. Surprisingly, transplantation to putatively similar environmental types (e.g., offshore corals moved to a novel offshore site, or along-shore transplantation) resulted in greater reductions in fitness proxies, such as coral growth, than cross-channel transplantation between inshore and offshore reefs. The only abiotic factor showing significantly greater differences between along-shore sites was daily temperature range extremes (rather than the absolute high or low temperatures reached), providing a possible explanation for this pattern. Offshore-origin corals exhibited significant growth reductions at sites with greater daily temperature ranges, which explained up to 39% of the variation in their mass gain. In contrast, daily temperature range explained at most 9% of growth variation in inshore-origin corals, suggesting that inshore corals are more tolerant of high-frequency temperature fluctuations. Finally, corals incur trade-offs when specializing to their native reef. Across reef locations the coefficient of selection against coral transplants was 0.07 ± 0.02 (mean ± SE). This selection against immigrants could hinder the ability of corals to recolonize devastated reefs, whether through assisted migration efforts or natural recruitment events, providing a unifying explanation for observed patterns of coral decline in this reef system.
Data from: Recovery from bleaching is mediated by threshold densities of background thermo-tolerant symbiont types in a reef-building coral
Sensitive molecular analyses show that most corals host a complement of Symbiodinium genotypes that includes thermo-tolerant types in low abundance. While tolerant symbiont types are hypothesized to facilitate tolerance to temperature and recovery from bleaching, empirical data on their distribution and relative abundance in corals under ambient and stress conditions are still rare. We quantified visual bleaching and mortality of coral hosts, along with relative abundance of C- and D-type Symbiodinium cells in 82 Acropora millepora colonies from three locations on the Great Barrier Reef transplanted to a central inshore site over a 13 month period. Our analyses reveal dynamic change in symbiont associations within colonies and among populations over time. Coral bleaching and declines in C- but not D-type symbionts were observed in transplanted corals. Survival and recovery of 25% of corals from one population was associated with either initial D-dominance or an increase in D-type symbionts that could be predicted by a minimum pre-stress D : C ratio of 0.003. One-third of corals from this population became D dominated at the bleached stage despite no initial detection of this symbiont type, but failed to recover and died in mid to late summer. These results provide a predictive threshold minimum density of background D-type symbionts in A. millepora, above which survival following extreme thermal stress is increased.
Deficits in functional trait diversity following recovery on coral reefs
<p>The disturbance regimes of ecosystems are changing, and prospects for continued recovery remain unclear. New assemblages with altered species composition may be functionally deficient. Alternatively, key functional traits may be sustained by species that replace those in decline (response diversity). Here, we quantify the recovery and response diversity of coral assemblages using case studies of disturbance in three locations. Despite return trajectories of coral cover, the original assemblages with diverse functional attributes failed to recover at each location. Response diversity and the reassembly of trait space was limited, and varied according to biogeographical differences in the attributes of dominant, rapidly recovering species. The deficits in recovering assemblages identified here suggest that the return of coral cover cannot assure the reassembly of reef trait diversity, and that shortening intervals between disturbances can limit recovery among functionally important species.</p>
Deficits in functional trait diversity following recovery on coral reefs
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Data from: Recovery from bleaching is mediated by threshold densities of background thermo-tolerant symbiont types in a reef-building coral
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Data from: Fine-scale environmental specialization of reef- building corals might be limiting reef recovery in the Florida Keys
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Data from: Collective aggressiveness of an ecosystem engineer is associated with coral recovery
The ecological impacts of animal groups may be different and predictable depending on their collective behavior. Farmerfish (Stegastes nigricans) live in social groups and collectively defend gardens of palatable algae. These gardens also serve as settlement and nursery habitats for corals because farmerfish mob corallivores that attempt to forage on corals within their gardens. We detected large among-colony differences in farmerfish collective aggression towards intruder fish that persist across years. We further found that the territories of aggressive groups and territories containing larger farmerfish provided greater protection to corals than non-aggressive groups: territories of aggressive groups naturally harbored more branching corals than non-aggressive groups, and experimentally outplanted branching corals experienced 80% less skeletal loss and grew larger over 25 weeks in aggressive territories and in territories guarded by larger fish. These findings hint that factors that increase farmerfish group aggressiveness (e.g., higher temperatures) could enhance the protective value of their territories for the replenishment of coral populations.
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