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12 results for “coral reproduction”
Mortality, growth and reproduction in five species of scleractinian corals following bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998
<p><em><strong>Study sites</strong></em>: These data were collected on the fringing reefs on the west side of Orpheus Island at Little Pioneer Bay (S18.594°, E146.485°), and the south-eastern side of Pelorus Island (S18.560°, E146.500°). Both islands are continental islands of the Palm Islands group in the Central Section of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park. These sites were amongst the worst affected by bleaching on the GBR following a sharp rise in sea surface temperature in the early months of 1998 (Berkelmans and Oliver 1999)</p> <p><em><strong>Species response to and recovery from high Sea Surface Temperature (SST</strong></em>): On 24 March 1998, all living colonies of <em>Acropora millepora </em>(n = 37) and <em>A. hyacinthus</em> (n = 28) in a 20 m × 40 m area between 3-4 m deep on the fringing reef of south-east of Pelorus Island were tagged to examine the patterns of response to, and recovery from, high SST. Similarly, all colonies of <em>Seriatopora hystrix</em> at 10 m depth within a 5 by 40 m area at this site were tagged (n=27). <em>Platygyra daedalea</em> (n = 28) and <em>Porites lobata </em>(n = 14) at 3-4 m depth in an area of approximately 50 m × 10 m were tagged at Little Pioneer Bay on Orpheus Island. The extent of colony bleaching was classified into 6 categories following Marshall and Baird (2000): 1 = no bleaching; 2 = uniformly pale; 3 = 1-50; 4 = 51-99; 5 = 100% bleached, and 6 = dead. Colonies that were fluorescent were categorized as 100% bleached. The extent of colony bleaching was estimated on six occasions following the initial report of bleaching at these sites on 10 February 1998 (Hoegh-Guldberg 1999).</p> <p><em><strong>Colony size:</strong></em> The size of <em>P. daedalea</em> colonies was determined from the maximum colony diameter of colonies at the initial census, which ranged from 10 to 40 cm. The projected area of the two species of <em>Acropora</em> was estimated from digitized photos of the colonies. The volume of <em>Seriatopora hystrix</em> was estimated by multiplying maximum diameter width x the perpendicular of maximum colony diameter x maximum colony height. All lengths were measured to the nearest cm with a tape measure.</p> <p><em><strong>Partial mortality</strong></em>: Partial mortality was estimated as the proportion of the pre-bleaching tissue lost within each colony, estimated to the nearest 5%. Values ranged from zero (escape from injury) through various amounts of injury (partial mortality) to 100% (whole-colony mortality). Alternatively, in <em>Seriatopora hystrix</em> a categorical scale identical to the bleaching categories described above was used.</p> <p>References</p> <p>Berkelmans R, Oliver JK (1999) Large-scale bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 18:55-60</p> <p>Hoegh-Guldberg O (1999) Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs. Mar Freshwat Res 50:839-866</p> <p>Marshall PA, Baird AH (2000) Bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef: differential susceptibilities among taxa. Coral Reefs 19:155-163</p>
Assisted sexual reproduction of Acropora cervicornis for active restoration on Florida's Coral Reef
<p class="MsoNormal">Given the rapid, global decline in the health and abundance of coral reefs, increased investments in restoration-based interventions – including asexual and sexual propagation – are being made by coral reef scientists at research institutions, but also at zoos and aquariums. Mote Marine Laboratory & Aquarium is an independent, non-profit marine science organization dedicated to the conservation and restoration of Florida's Coral Reef, and does so, using science-based strategies. In order to promote the long-term persistence, resilience, and adaptive potential of restored coral populations on Florida's Coral Reef, Mote scientists are performing critical research and restoration activities related to assisted sexual reproduction (ASR). The objective of this study was to optimize ASR of <em>Acropora</em> <em>cervicornis</em> by (1) evaluating broodstock compatibility for genets actively used within Mote's restoration gene pool, (2) optimizing larval settlement by testing spectral cues, (3) and optimizing the grow-out of sexual recruits by testing the impact of light on growth, survival, and algal symbiont uptake in the presence of adult corals or not. Overall, we found that corals and genets spawned with high synchrony, both within and across years, and in terms of predicted spawning times related to nights after the full moon and minutes after sunset. Across two years, overall fertilization success was high (~95%), but we did find one pair of genets that was not compatible. During settlement, larvae preferred pink and purple-colored substrates, which was consistent with our expectation that they would select substrates similar in color to crustose coralline algae (CCA). Interestingly though, they only did so when a matching chemical cue from CCA was also present, indicating that larvae integrate multiple cues simultaneously to determine the most appropriate place to settle. Growth and symbiont uptake were faster in recruits reared in the presence of adult corals and additional lighting, but survivorship was not different through the first ten weeks post-settlement between treatments. A subset of corals was outplanted using two different techniques based on single or clustered corals. We report the initial 1-month survival results. We also provide a detailed protocol and general recommendations for ASR based on years of coral sexual propagation experience.</p>
Environmental cues in coral reproduction: Photoperiod and seawater temperature influence oocyte development in <em>Acropora tenuis</em>
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Assisted sexual reproduction of Acropora cervicornis for active restoration on Florida’s Coral Reef
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The legacy of stress: coral bleaching impacts reproduction years later
1. The extent to which populations persist under environmental stress depends on the reproductive output of individuals that survive the stress. In coral systems, corals bleach in response to stress from elevated water temperature. However, little is known of the extent to which thermal stress impairs the reproductive capacity of the survivors over the following years, limiting the capacity to predict how populations will persist in the Anthropocene. 2. Using histology to quantify the abundance and size of oocytes and spermaries per polyp, we tested how bleaching impairs the reproductive response of the coral <i>Pocillopora meandrina</i> over two reproductive seasons following the 2015 mass bleaching event in the Hawaiian Islands. 3. We found that smaller colonies not only had a greater probability of bleaching but also suffered greater reproductive impacts over a longer time. In contrast, larger colonies generated comparable reproductive output regardless of bleaching severity, although bleached colonies generated smaller oocytes the year after bleaching. 4. These results show that reproductive impacts of bleaching are more complex and size-specific than commonly assumed. Therefore, estimates of bleaching mortality may underestimate the true impact of thermal stress on populations, especially as populations lose larger individuals from repeated and co-occurring stressors.
Data from: Impacts of temperature and lunar day on gene expression profiles during a monthly reproductive cycle in the brooding coral Pocillopora damicornis
Reproductive timing in brooding corals has been correlated to temperature and lunar irradiance, but the mechanisms by which corals transduce these environmental variables into molecular signals are unknown. To gain insight into these processes, global gene expression profiles in the coral Pocillopora damicornis were examined (via RNA-Seq) across lunar phases and between temperature treatments, during a monthly planulation cycle. The interaction of temperature and lunar day together had the largest influence on gene expression. Mean timing of planulation, which occurred at lunar days 7.4 and 12.5 for 28- and 23°C-treated corals, respectively, was associated with an upregulation of transcripts in individual temperature treatments. Expression profiles of planulation-associated genes were compared between temperature treatments, revealing that elevated temperatures disrupted expression profiles associated with planulation. Gene functions inferred from homologous matches to online databases suggest complex neuropeptide signalling, with calcium as a central mediator, acting through tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptor pathways. This work contributes to our understanding of coral reproductive physiology and the impacts of environmental variables on coral reproductive pathways.
Data from: Spatial and temporal patterns of larval dispersal in a coral-reef fish metapopulation: evidence of variable reproductive success
Many marine organisms can be transported hundreds of kilometers during their pelagic larval stage, yet little is known about spatial and temporal patterns of larval dispersal. Although traditional population-genetic tools can be applied to infer movement of larvae on an evolutionary time scale, large effective population sizes and high rates of gene-flow present serious challenges to documenting dispersal patterns over shorter, ecologically-relevant, time scales. Here, we address these challenges by combining direct parentage analysis and indirect genetic analyses over a four-year period to document spatial and temporal patterns of larval dispersal in a common coral-reef fish: the bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus). At four island locations surrounding Exuma Sound, Bahamas, including a long-established marine reserve, we collected 3,278 individuals and genotyped them at 10 microsatellite loci. Using Bayesian parentage analysis, we identified eight parent-offspring pairs, thereby directly documenting dispersal distances ranging from 0 km (i.e., self-recruitment) to 129 km (i.e., larval connectivity). Despite documenting substantial dispersal and gene-flow between islands, we observed more self-recruitment events than expected if the larvae were drawn from a common, well-mixed pool (i.e., a completely open population). Additionally, we detected both spatial and temporal variation in signatures of sweepstakes and Wahlund effects. The high variance in reproductive success (i.e., "sweepstakes") we observed may be influenced by seasonal mesoscale gyres present in the Exuma Sound, which play a prominent role in shaping local oceanographic patterns. This study documents the complex nature of larval dispersal in a coral-reef fish, and highlights the importance of sampling multiple cohorts and coupling both direct and indirect genetic methods in order disentangle patterns of dispersal, gene-flow, and variable reproductive success.
Figure 2 in Fish aggregations and reproductive behaviour on mesophotic coral ecosystems of a southwestern Atlantic Oceanic archipelago
Figure 2. Aggregation with dozens terminal phase individuals of the parrotfish Sparisoma amplum in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, southwestern Atlantic. Photos by P.H.C. Pereira.
Figure 1 in Fish aggregations and reproductive behaviour on mesophotic coral ecosystems of a southwestern Atlantic Oceanic archipelago
Figure 1. The marbled grouper Dermatolepis inermis in lower mesophotic reefs of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (A), and the aggregation site with six fish in the field of view (B), including individuals with the tuxedo colour pattern (C), and yellow fin margins and white belly (D). Photo by L. A. Rocha (A) and frames from videos recorded by J. B. Teixeira (B – D).
The legacy of stress: coral bleaching impacts reproduction years later
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Data from: Spatial and temporal patterns of larval dispersal in a coral-reef fish metapopulation: evidence of variable reproductive success
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Data from: Impacts of temperature and lunar day on gene expression profiles during a monthly reproductive cycle in the brooding coral Pocillopora damicornis
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