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15 results for “costly hybrids”
Study On Hybrid Model Combining Super Learner And Physics-based Models For SHM In Bridges Using Low-cost BWIM
<p>The main objective of this project is to study and develop hybrid models of BWIM physics-based models incorporates with SHM inspection used by artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to predict structural damage. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of FE simulations leveraging contact method verified by vehicle-bridge interaction(VBI) theory and uses machine learning (ML) techniques to identify and predict structural damages from the structural response automatically. Bridges are a fundamental part of infrastructure management. The main challenge that we face is the aging of these transportation infrastructures without a tool to perform accurate structural assessments in a real-time manner. Unfortunately, this topic is still not completely developed due to the lack of study upon BWIM simulations designed with several different severity damages. The Contact method, a new approach to simulating moving-vehicle motion in BWIM simulation, is to carry out actual structural response verified by the VBI with comprehensive parameter studies. In order to simulation the reality complex condition of the bridge, the FE model is designed by four different classes of damages with three different damage locations applied with two different load conditions (e.g., static load and moving load). The responses collected from FE simulation are used for structural damage prediction leveraging the ML damage prediction model. Among ML methods, the XGBoost with assembly decision tree shows the most reliable results. The results in this project indicate that structural damage prediction can be achieved by using the ML technique and BWIM structural response, which provides high accuracy of damage prediction.</p>
The evolution of sex is tempered by costly hybridization in Boechera (rock cress)
Despite decades of research, the evolution of sex remains an enigma in evolutionary biology. Typically, research addresses the costs of sex and asexuality to characterize the circumstances favoring one reproductive mode. Surprisingly few studies address the influence of common traits that are, in many organisms, obligately correlated with asexuality, including hybridization and polyploidy. These traits have substantial impacts on traits under selection. In particular, the fitness consequences of hybridization (that is, reduced fitness due to interspecific reproductive isolation) will influence the evolution of sex. This may comprise a cost of either sex or asexuality, due to the link between hybridity and asexuality. We examined reproductive isolation in the formation of de novo hybrid lineages between two widespread species in the ecological model system Boechera. 17% of 664 crosses produced F1 fruits, and only 10% of these were viable, suggesting that postmating prezygotic and postzygotic barriers inhibit hybrid success in this system. The postmating prezygotic barrier was asymmetrical, with 110 of 115 total F1 fruits produced when B. stricta acted as maternal parent. This asymmetry was confirmed in wild-collected lineages, using a chloroplast phylogeny of wild-collected B. stricta, B. retrofracta, and hybrids. We next compared fitness of F2 hybrids and selfed parental B. stricta lines, finding that F2 fitness was reduced by substantial hybrid sterility. Multiple reproductively isolating barriers likely influence the formation and fitness of hybrid lineages in the wild, and the costs of hybridization likely have profound impacts on the evolution of sex in the natural environment.
Data from: Species integrity enhanced by a predation cost to hybrids in the wild
Species integrity can be challenged, and even eroded, if closely related species can hybridize and produce fertile offspring of comparable fitness to that of parental species. The maintenance of newly diverged or closely related species therefore hinges on the establishment and effectiveness of pre- and/or post-zygotic reproductive barriers. Ecological selection, including predation, is often presumed to contribute to reduced hybrid fitness, but field evidence for a predation cost to hybridization remains elusive. Here we provide proof-of-concept for predation on hybrids being a postzygotic barrier to gene flow in the wild. Cyprinid fishes commonly produce fertile, viable hybrid offspring and therefore make excellent study organisms to investigate ecological costs to hybrids. We electronically tagged two freshwater cyprinid fish species (roach Rutilus rutilus and bream Abramis brama) and their hybrids in 2005. Tagged fish were returned to their lake of origin, exposing them to natural predation risk from apex avian predators (great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo). Scanning for regurgitated tags under cormorant roosts 3–4 years later identified cormorant-killed individual fish and allowed us to directly test for a predation cost to hybrids in the wild. Hybrid individuals were found significantly more susceptible to cormorant predation than individuals from either parental species. Such ecological selection against hybrids contributes to species integrity, and can enhance species diversification.
Data from: Multifaceted, cross-generational costs of hybridization in sibling Drosophila species
Maladaptive hybridization, as determined by the pattern and intensity of selection against hybrid individuals, is an important factor contributing to the evolution of prezygotic reproductive isolation. To identify the consequences of hybridization between Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, we estimated multiple fitness components for F1 hybrids and backcross progeny and used these to compare the relative fitness of parental species and their hybrids across two generations. We document many sources of intrinsic (developmental) and extrinsic (ecological) selection that dramatically increase the fitness costs of hybridization beyond the well-documented F1 male sterility in this model system. Our results indicate that the cost of hybridization accrues over multiple generations and reinforcement in this system is driven by selection against hybridization above and beyond the cost of hybrid male sterility; we estimate a fitness loss of >95% relative to the parental species across two generations of hybridization. Our findings demonstrate the importance of estimating hybridization costs using multiple fitness measures from multiple generations in an ecologically relevant context; so doing can reveal intense postzygotic selection against hybridization and thus, an enhanced role for reinforcement in the evolution of populations and diversification of species.
Data from: Reproductive costs for hybridizing female Anasa tristis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), but no evidence of selection against interspecific mating
Individuals of different species sometimes mate in nature, and such behavior often carries costs, such as wasted gametes and inviable offspring. One context in which interspecific mating commonly occurs is when closely related species come into secondary contact. Here, we tested whether reproductive isolation is greater in an area of recent secondary contact than in allopatry for two closely related insect species, and we examined whether mating between individuals of these two species constitutes reproductive interference. In Florida, two species of squash bugs (Anasa tristis and A. andresii) have been secondarily sympatric for ≥ 80 generations, and male A. andresii copulate with female A. tristis. Because hybridization is often costly for females, we predicted that secondarily sympatric females would be less likely to mate with heterospecifics than would allopatric females. We found no evidence of recent selection on reproductive isolation: females from both populations were equally likely to mate with heterospecifics, and heterospecific males did not make more mating attempts than conspecifics to achieve copulations. However, female A. tristis paired with heterospecifics produced many fewer eggs and offspring than females paired with conspecifics, and this did not differ according to whether females were from allopatric or sympatric populations. Our findings show that reproductive barriers between these species existed before secondary contact. We suggest that habitat use may limit encounter frequency, and that female choice, multiple mating, and postcopulatory processes may reduce costs for females. Consequently, we suggest that mating systems and ecological factors mediate the effects of reproductive interference.
Data from: Asymmetric energetic costs in reciprocal-cross hybrids between carnivorous mice (Onychomys)
Aerobic respiration is a fundamental physiological trait dependent on coordinated interactions between gene products of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Mitonuclear mismatch in interspecific hybrids may contribute to reproductive isolation by inducing reduced viability (or even complete inviability) due to increased metabolic costs. However, few studies have tested for effects of mitonuclear mismatch on respiration at the whole organism level. We explored how hybridization affects metabolic rates in closely related species of grasshopper mice (genus Onychomys) to better understand the role of metabolic costs in reproductive isolation. We measured metabolic rate across a range of temperatures to calculate basal metabolic rates (BMR) and cold-induced metabolic rates (MRc) in O. leucogaster, O. torridus, and O. arenicola, and in reciprocal F1 hybrids between the latter two species. Within the genus, we found a negative correlation between mass-specific BMR and body mass. Although O. arenicola was smaller than O. torridus, hybrids from both directions of the cross resembled O. arenicola in body mass. In contrast, hybrid BMR was strongly influenced by the direction of the cross: reciprocal F1 hybrids were different from each other but indistinguishable from the maternal species. In addition, MRc was not significantly different between hybrids and either parental species. These patterns indicate that metabolic costs are not increased in Onychomys F1 hybrids and, while exposure of incompatibilities in F2 hybrids cannot be ruled out, suggests that mitonuclear mismatch does not act as a primary barrier to gene flow. Maternal matching of BMR is suggestive of a strong effect of mitochondrial genotype on metabolism in hybrids. Together, our findings provide insight into the metabolic consequences of hybridization, a topic that is understudied in mammals.
The hybrid future of software engineering trades trust and coordination for flexibility and cost savings
<p>Unzip the "Archive" file to view the data files relating to the semi-automated and manual analysis of the interview data for this study.</p>
A hybrid chemical-biological approach can upcycle mixed plastic waste with reduced cost and carbon footprint
<p>Derived from renewable feedstocks, such as biomass, polylactic acid (PLA) is considered a more environmentally-friendly plastic than conventional petroleum-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, PLA must still be recycled and its growing popularity and mixture with PET plastics at the disposal stage poses a cross-contamination threat in existing recycling facilities and results in low-value and low-quality recycled products. Hybrid upcycling has been proposed as a promising sustainable solution for mixed plastic waste; but its techno-economic and lifecycle environmental performance remain understudied. Here we propose a hybrid upcycling approach using a biocompatible ionic liquid (IL) to first chemically depolymerize plastics, then convert the depolymerized stream via biological upgrading with no extra separation. We show that over 95% of mixed PET/PLA was depolymerized into their respective monomers, which then served as the sole carbon source for the growth of <i>Pseudomonas putida</i>, enabling the conversion of the depolymerized plastics into biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). In comparison to conventional commercial PHA, the estimated optimal production cost and carbon footprint are reduced by 62% and 29%, respectively.</p>
Data from: Asymmetric energetic costs in reciprocal-cross hybrids between carnivorous mice (Onychomys)
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The evolution of sex is tempered by costly hybridization in Boechera (rock cress)
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Data from: Reproductive costs for hybridizing female Anasa tristis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), but no evidence of selection against interspecific mating
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Data from: Species integrity enhanced by a predation cost to hybrids in the wild
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Data from: Multifaceted, cross-generational costs of hybridization in sibling Drosophila species
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Data from: Cost-effective enrichment hybridization capture of chloroplast genomes at deep multiplexing levels for population genetics and phylogeography studies
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Evaluation of the Clinical and Cost-effectiveness of an Automated Mobile Hybrid Room in Vascular Surgery Compared with Current Practice
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06590532. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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OpenNeuro
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