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6,061 results for “crabs”
Long-term Burrowing Crab Population Abundance Data from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Fall Marsh Monitoring Program
This data set includes long-term observational data on burrowing crab abundance at 10 Georgia Coastal Ecosystems marsh sites used for annual plant and invertebrate population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by performing surveys of crab hole occurance within replicate 625 square centimeter quadrats and converting the counts to number per square meter. Surveys were performed annually during October within the mid-marsh and creek bank zones at GCE marsh study sites 1 through 10 (i.e. n = 4 per zone at each site). Surveys were also performed in an additional high marsh Juncus zone at several sites beginning in 2009 (i.e. n = 4 quadrats per site). Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum, Sesarma reticulatum and Panopeus spp. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts. This data set includes cumulative observations from 2000 to 2023, and will be updated annually to include the prior year observations.
Fall 2021 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2021 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
Fall 2022 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2022 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
Fall 2023 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2023 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
Fall 2020 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2020 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
Intertidal Crab Data in Midcoast Maine: 2018-2024
Invasive species have caused major disruptions to ecosystems worldwide. The European green crab invaded North America in the 1800s and is considered one of the world’s 100 worst invaders by the IUCN. Observations of spatiotemporal green crab population dynamics are essential for predicting and managing the ecological and economic impacts of this harmful invasive species. These data come from a standardized method for assessing green crab population dynamics in the rocky intertidal zone of New England and Atlantic Canada. Data was collected from 10 survey sites located along the coast of Maine from Yarmouth, ME (furthest point south), to Walpole, ME (furthest site north) from January, 2018 to November, 2024. Data was collected following the survey design described in McMahan (2020), using a 1m^2 quadrat to sample rocky intertidal habitat. The resulting data collected using this protocol has a wide range of uses, including to inform ecological research, conservation efforts, mitigation strategies, and fishery development, as well as for educational outreach purposes.
Fall 2015 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2015 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
Fall 2016 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2016 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
Fall 2017 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2017 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
Fall 2018 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2018 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
Fall 2019 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creek bank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2019 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creek bank zones (n = 4 per zone) at GCE sites 1 through 10. Note that this census method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total burrowing crab abundance, potentially including species Uca pugnax, Uca minax, Uca pugilator, Armases cinereum, Eurytium limosum and Sesarma reticulatum. Crab holes that are not actively maintained are quickly covered by tidal activity and other sediment disturbances, therefore plugged holes were assumed to be unoccupied and excluded from the counts.
Atlantic ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) burrow counts at shorebird nests and randomly available sites on Metompkin Island, Virginia, 2022
Atlantic ghost crabs (Ocypode quadrata) are predators of beach-nesting shorebirds, their nests, and their chicks on the United States' Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Ghost crabs may also disturb birds, altering their foraging, habitat use, or nest and brood attendance patterns. Shorebird conservation strategies often involve predator and disturbance management to improve reproductive success, but efforts rarely target ghost crabs. Despite the threat to shorebird reproductive success, ghost crabs are a poorly understood part of the beach ecosystem and additional knowledge about ghost crab habitat selection is needed to inform shorebird conservation. We monitored ghost crab activity, defined as burrow abundance, throughout the shorebird breeding season on Metompkin Island, Virginia, an important breeding site for piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) and American oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus). We counted burrows at shorebird nests and random points throughout the shorebird breeding season and tested whether ghost crab activity was greater at shorebird nest sites than random sites. We observed burrows at all nest sites in our study area (n = 63 nests), but found fewer burrows at nest sites than random sites. Ghost crabs may avoid shorebird nest sites due to aggressive defensive behaviors from incubating adults or differences in microhabitat characteristics selected by shorebirds versus ghost crabs. We also tested the effects of date, air temperature, habitat type, and shell cover on the abundance of ghost crab burrows. We found that while burrows were present across the barrier island landscape, there were more burrows in sandy habitats with sparse to little shell cover and in and behind the dunes relative to the beach and beach-front berm. Ghost crab activity increased later in the shorebird breeding season and as air temperature increased. Understanding when and where ghost crabs are most likely to be active in the landscape can aid decision-making to benefit imperi
A grazing crab drives saltmarsh carbon storage and recovery in VA, SC, and GA
Consumers can directly (e.g., consumption) and indirectly (e.g., trophic cascades) influence carbon cycling in blue carbon ecosystems. Previous work found that large grazers have nuanced effects on carbon stocks, yet, small, bioturbating-grazers, which remove plant biomass and alter sediment properties, remain an understudied driver of carbon cycling. We used field-derived and remote sensing data to quantify the grazing effects of the purple marsh crab, Sesarma reticulatum, on carbon stocks, flux, and recovery in salt marshes. Sesarma fronts led to a carbon loss of around 40-70% and Sesarma front migration rates accelerated over time. Despite latitudinal differences, front migration rate had no effect on carbon stocks, flux, or time to replacement. When we included Sesarma disturbance in carbon flux calculations, we found it may take 5-100 years for marshes to replace lost carbon, if at all. Combined, we show that small grazers cause a net loss in carbon stocks as they move through the landscape, and irrespective of migration rate, these grazer-driven impacts persist for decades. This work showcases the significant role of consumers in carbon storage and flux, challenging the classic paradigm of plant-sediment feedbacks as the primary ecogeomorphic driver of carbon cycling in blue carbon ecosystems.
Crab Burrows, Soil Nutrients, and Spartina alterniflora : organic content in Brownsville, VA 1992
The effect of Crab Burrows on Soil Nutrients and Spartina alterniflora by Winli Lin This study investigated the effects of fiddler crab (Uca pugnax) burrows on soil nutrients and the marsh grass Spartina alterniflora. Tall-form Spartina alterniflora (1-2m tall) typically dominates the marsh area that is flooded daily by tides. The short-form S. alterniflora(<0.5m tall) generally occupies the higher tidal heights (Bertness 1985). These short-form S. alterniflora are charterized by reduced soil drainage (Mendelssohn and Senecs 1980; Howes et al. 1981; Mendelssohn et al. 1981) and increased soil sulfide levels (King et al. 1982). From comparing control areas devoid of burrrows to those with burrows added, an increase in above-ground Spartina alterniflora production has been observed along with an increase of soil drainage rates and redox potential levels (Bertness 1985). Others have looked at how nutrient availability (Mendelssohn 1979) and sulfide accumulation (King et al. 1982; Howarth and Giblin 1983) may be the primary limiting factors controlling the production and success of S. alterniflora. While soil water movement has been shown to influence the soil parameters, (i.e., sulfide concentration and redox potential) that directly affect cordgrass production (King et al. 1982; Koch et al. 1990), little has been studied on how biotic modifications, such as crab burrows, mediate these physical factors. The Uca pugnax, are burrowing deposit-feeders that excavate and maintain semi-permanent burrows in the marsh surface. They have been found to not only oxygenate marsh soils (Howes et al 1981) and modify sediment meiofaunal abundance, they could also provide a suitable environment for continued burrowing and, as a byproduct, increase the marsh grass production and maintain the tall-form S. alterniflora. Uca pugnax, the mud fiddler crab, is the dominant form of crab seen in Brownsville, VA. Their burrows are primarily restricted to areas of tall-form S. alterniflora, due
Salt Marsh Crab Caging Experiment, Virginia 2021
Herbivore fronts can alter plant traits (chemical and/or morphological features) and performance via grazing. Yet, herbivore-driven trait alterations are rarely considered when assessing how these fronts shape ecosystems, despite the critical role that plant performance plays in ecosystem functioning. We evaluated herbivore fronts created by the purple marsh crab, Sesarma reticulatum, as it consumes the cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, in Virginian salt marshes. Sesarma fronts form at the head of tidal creeks and move inland, creating a denuded mudflat between the tall-form Spartina low marsh (trailing edge) and the short-form Spartina high marsh (leading edge). We quantified Sesarma front migration rate, tested if Sesarma herbivory altered geomorphic processes and Spartina traits at the trailing and leading edges, and examined how these trait changes persisted through the final 8 weeks of the growing season. Sesarma front migration in our region is two times slower than fronts in the Southeast U.S., and Spartina retreat rate at the leading edge is greater than the revegetation rate at the trailing edge. Sesarma fronts lowered elevation, and decreased sediment shear strength at the trailing edge, while having no impact on soil organic matter and bulk density at either edge. At the leading edge, Sesarma grazing reduced Spartina growth traits and defensive ability, and trait changes persisted through the remaining growing season. At the trailing edge, however, Sesarma grazing promoted belowground biomass production, and had limited to no effect on growth or defensive traits. We show that herbivore fronts negatively impact saltmarsh plant traits at their leading edge, potentially contributing to front propagation. In contrast, plants at the trailing edge were more resistant to herbivore grazing, and may enhance resilience through elevated belowground biomass production. Future work should consider herbivore-driven plant trait alterations in the context of herbivore fr
Morphometric data from: Incongruent molecular and morphological variation in the crab spider Synema globosum (Araneae: Thomisidae) in Europe
<p>Here we provide the complete set of files used by <a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1078.64116">Urfer et al. (2021</a>, see References section below for the complete citation of the publication) for the morphometric and the molecular analysis. In particular, we provide the following documents:</p> <p><br> PART 1: MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS</p> <p>- 1_Synema_data_multiple_imputation_mice.R: R-script used for replacing NAs.</p> <p>- 1_Synema_data_NA_imputed.csv: Dataset with raw values (in millimeters) of all 28 specimens used for the morphometric analysis. Each specimen was measured 4 times. NAs replaced using the R-script "Synema_multiple_imputation_mice.R" above. This is the datafile used for all morphometric analyses.</p> <p>- 1_Synema_data_with_NA.csv: Dataset with raw values (in millimeters) of all 28 specimens. Each specimen was measured 4 times. NAs not replaced.<br> <br> - 1_Synema_Reliability.R: R-script for calculating reliability.<br> <br> - 1_Synema_Reliability_supplementary_figure.pdf: Results of reliability analysis presented in a bar plot.</p> <p>- 1_Synema_Reliability_supplementary_table.txt: Results of reliability analysis presented in a table.<br> <br> - 1_Synema_Shape_PCA_and_PCA_Ratio_Spectrum.R: R-script for calculating the shape PCA and the PCA Ratio Spectrum of the first shape PC. You may get the necessary MRA source script from http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4250142<br> <br> - Synema_globosum_AR9379_PV.jpg, Synema_globosum_AR9379_PV.jpg, Synema_globosum_AR9379_PV.jpg, etc.: Photographs taken with a LEICA M205 C stere-omicroscope.</p> <p> 1. Numbers after AR_ refer to the inventory number of the specimens in the Natural History Musuem Bern (NMBE). The specimen number was also used in the data file.<br> 2. The photo named "Synema_globosum_AR9163_with_measurements" shows the position of the measurements. Otherwise, the measurements are not indicated in the raw photos.</p> <p><br> Example image Character name Definition<br> Synema_globosum_AR9163_with_measurements cym.l Cymbium lenght Distance of the anterior margin to the tip of the cymbium<br> Synema_globosum_AR9163_with_measurements cym.b Cymbium breadth widest breadth of the cymbium<br> Synema_globosum_AR9163_with_measurements bul.b Bulb breadth widest breadth of the genital bulbus<br> Synema_globosum_AR9163_with_measurements tib.b Tibia breadth breadth of the tibia base at the patella joint</p>
CRAB
<p>CRAB (ver. 1.0) is isotropic high-resolution 3-D shear wave velocity (vSV) model of the Bohemian Massif crust imaged by ambient noise tomography using Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersions from 2 to 74 s. The final model was constructed from the 10% best-fitting models by layer-based averaging technique.</p>
Spring 2003 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creekbank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Spring 2003 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creekbank zones (n = 4 per zone) at all sites. This method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total crab abundance. Plugged holes were excluded from the counts. Mean density across all sites and zones was 264 m^-2 (+/- 215 s.d.).
Fall 2003 crab population monitoring: mid-marsh and creekbank abundance based on crab hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2003 estimate of crab densities at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Crab abundance was determined by counting the number of crab holes within a 625 cm^2 quadrat and converting the counts to number per square meter. Counts were made in the mid-marsh and creekbank zones (n = 4 per zone) at all sites. This method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total crab abundance. Plugged holes were excluded from the counts. Mean density across all sites and zones was 250 m^-2 (+/- 285 s.d.).
Crab population monitoring: Spring 2001 mid-marsh and creekbank crab abundances based on hole counts at GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
There are a number of crab species that inhabit the vegetated intertidal marshes of the GCE-LTER permanent monitoring sites. The most frequently encountered species are Uca pugnax, U. pugilator, U. minax, Sesarma reticulatum, Armases cinereum, and Eurytium limosum. These species are highly mobile at various tide stages and seek the safety of burrows when not foraging. Their behavior patterns make it difficult to accurately assess their abundance within the constraints of our current monitoring activities. To do so would require a sampling program dedicated solely to that unique end. This study was designed to use counts of crab holes as a relatively quick and easy way to estimate total crab densities at the GCE-LTER sites. Such a method does not differentiate which species made a particular hole and therefore only estimates total crab abundance. Plugged holes were excluded from the counts. Our initial data yielded an average across all sites of 239 crabs (all species) m^-2. Our initial conclusion is that crab hole counts allow the estimation of crab densities and yields estimates comparable to those methods requiring extensive time and effort. This method will be used to estimate crab densities in the Spring and Fall (yearly) within the GCE-LTER domain.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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