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57 results for “crater lake”
Air/Snow temperature vertical profiles at different nodes of the 'Crater Lake' CALM site in Deception Island, Antarctica (2012-2023)
<p>Air or seasonal snow temperature data were collected at different heights above the ground between 2012 and 2023 using an array of temperature micro-loggers (iButton models by Maxim) mounted on vertical wooden masts. These measurements were conducted at various nodes within the 100x100 m 'Crater Lake' CALM site (A16) grid of the PERMATHERMAL network, managed by the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain, to monitor active layer thickness in Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.</p> <p>In 2012, nine arrays were installed at nodes with relative coordinates (00,00), (00,05), (00,10), (05,00), (05,05), (05,10), (10,00), (10,05), and (10,10). Measurements were taken at heights of 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 cm above the ground surface using DS1921G iButton loggers, which recorded air/snow temperatures every 4 hours. This experiment, referred to as 'Mini', was active until early 2021.</p> <p>Between 2017 and 2023, four arrays were installed at nodes (00,010), (05,05), (06,00), and (10,00). These arrays measured air/snow temperatures at heights of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, and 160 cm above the ground surface using DS1922L iButton loggers, which recorded temperatures every 3 hours. Three of the arrays of this experiment, referred to as 'HR', has also been discontinued in early 2021, althought one of them was active until early 2024.</p>
Supplemental data from: "From lake to river: Documenting an environmental transition across the Jura/Knockfarril Hill members boundary in the Glen Torridon region of Gale crater (Mars)."
<p>This document, uploaded on the FAIR repository Zenodo, contains large data tables pertaining to the Supplementary Online Material of the above-mentioned article.</p> <p>These tables contain the complete list of individual MAHLI and ChemCam targets investigated, detailed laminae measurements and complete ChemCam compositional data.</p>
Elevation Models for Reproducible Evaluation of Terrain Representation – Archetypal Landforms – Crater Lake GeoTIFF
<p>An elevation model of Crater Lake, Oregon, USA</p> <p>Landform features: caldera, cinder cone, lava flow</p> <p>Resolution: 3.33 meter, 5,200 x 5,200 height samples</p> <p>File format: GeoTIFF</p> <p>This is one model of a set of elevation models: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3938020">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3938020</a>. Please cite the entire set of models.</p> <p>When using this elevation model in an academic publication, please cite the following article, which describes the process and rationale for compiling elevation models:</p> <p><em>Kennelly, P. J., Patterson, T., Jenny, B., Huffman, D. P., Marston, B. E., Bell, S. and Tait, A. M. (2021). Elevation models for reproducible evaluation of terrain representation. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 48:1, 63–77. DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2020.1830856">10.1080/15230406.2020.1830856</a></em></p>
Phenomenological images (CL-CAM1B) of Crater Lake CALM site, Deception island, Antarctica (2023).
<p>Images acquired by a phenomenological automatic time-lapse camera (CL-CAM1B) located in Crater Lake permafrost and active layer monitoring site in Crater Lake sounders in Deception island, Antarctica, in 2023.</p> <ul> <li>File code: DEC_CL_CAM1B_2023_v100</li> <li>Location code: DEC</li> <li>Site code: CL</li> <li>Instrument code: CAM1B</li> <li>Period: 2023</li> <li>Version: 1.0.0 (jpg images as they were obtained from camera, without processing)</li> <li>Camera/manufacturer: CC5MPX by Campbell Scientific Inc.</li> <li>Resolution/Type/Format: 5Mpixels in RGB in jpg files</li> <li>Frequency: 3 images per day at 14h, 15h and 16h GMT</li> <li>Site: Close to Crater Lake CALM site, in Crater Lake sounders of Deception island, Antarctica.</li> <li>Location: </li> <li>Elevation:</li> <li>Initial dataset date/time: March 6, 2023 16:00h GMT</li> <li>Final dataset date/time: February 18, 2024 16:00h GMT</li> <li>Gaps: None</li> <li>Notes: <ul> <li>Folders: 12</li> <li>Files: 1048</li> <li>Other files: none</li> <li>Folder names structure: year_month</li> <li>Datafiles names structure: Site_camera_year_month_day_hour_minute_second.jpg</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Museum genomics reveals the hybrid origin of an extinct crater lake endemic
<p>Crater lake fishes are common evolutionary model systems, with recent studies suggesting a key role for gene flow in promoting rapid adaptation and speciation. However, the study of these young lakes can be complicated by human-mediated extinctions. Museum genomics approaches integrating genetic data from recently extinct species are therefore critical to understanding the complex evolutionary histories of these fragile systems. Here, we examine the evolutionary history of an extinct Southern Hemisphere crater lake endemic, the rainbowfish Melanotaenia eachamensis. We undertook comprehensive sampling of extant rainbowfish populations of the Atherton Tablelands of Australia alongside historical museum material to understand the evolutionary origins of the extinct crater lake population and the dynamics of gene flow across the ecoregion. The extinct crater lake species is genetically distinct from all other nearby populations due to historic introgression between two proximate riverine lineages, similar to other prominent crater lake speciation systems, but this historic gene flow has not been sufficient to induce a species flock. Our results suggest that museum genomics approaches can be successfully combined with extant sampling to unravel complex speciation dynamics involving recently extinct species.</p>
Fig. 1 in First study on the zooplankton of the Kerid (Kerið) Crater Lake, Iceland
Fig. 1. Kerid Crater Lake, South-western Iceland. Results The zooplankton of the Kerid Lake comprised 10 taxa, mostly belonging to the Rotifera phylum (Table 1). The highest were the densities of Keratella cf. americana Carlin, 1943, Lecane lunaris (Ehrenberg, 1832) and Colurella sulcata (Stenroos, 1898). Other frequent zooplankton taxa belong to lower crustaceans from Cladocera and Copepoda (Table 1). The most frequent of them were the juvenile specimens of Acanthocylops vernalis (s. lat.) (Fischer, 1853).
Museum genomics reveals the hybrid origin of an extinct crater lake endemic
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Data from: Repeated divergence in opsin genes expression mirrors photic habitat changes in rapidly evolving crater lake cichlid fishes
<div> <div> <div class="msocomtxt"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Selection pressures differ along environmental gradients and organisms' phenotypes. Traits tightly linked to fitness (e.g., the visual system) are expected to closely track environmental variation along gradients. Within such gradients, adaptation to local conditions might be due to heritable and non-heritable, environmentally induced variation. Disentangling these sources of phenotypic variation requires studying, in nature and the laboratory, closely related populations experiencing different environments. The Nicaraguan great and crater lakes show an environmental gradient in photic conditions extending from clear crater lakes to very turbid great lakes. From two old, turbid great lakes, Midas cichlid fish (<em>Amphilophus </em>cf.<em> citrinellus</em>) independently colonized seven isolated crater lakes of varying light conditions, resulting in a small adaptive radiation. We estimated the variation in visual sensitivities along this photic gradient by measuring differential cone opsin gene expression among populations from different lakes. The visual sensitivities observed in all seven derived crater lake populations have not changed randomly but shifted predictably in direction and magnitude, repeatedly mirroring changes in photic conditions. Intrapopulation phenotypic variation decreases as environments become spectrally narrower suggesting different selective landscapes within the gradient. Comparing wild-caught and lab-reared fish revealed that 48% of this phenotypic variation is genetically determined and evolved rapidly. Our results demonstrate deterministic, rapid phenotypic evolution that fine-tunes visual sensitivity to fine-scale environmental variation.</span></p> <p class="MsoCommentText"><span> </span></p> </div> </div> </div>
Phenomenological images (CL-CAM1B) of Crater Lake CALM site, Deception island, Antarctica (2021).
<p>Images acquired by a phenomenological automatic time-lapse camera (CL-CAM1B) located in Crater Lake permafrost and active layer monitoring site in Crater Lake sounders in Deception island, Antarctica, in 2021.</p> <ul> <li>File code: DEC_CL_CAM1B_2021_v100</li> <li>Location code: DEC</li> <li>Site code: CL</li> <li>Instrument code: CAM1B</li> <li>Period: 2021</li> <li>Version: 1.0.0 (jpg images as they were obtained from camera, without processing)</li> <li>Camera/manufacturer: CC5MPX by Campbell Scientific Inc.</li> <li>Resolution/Type/Format: 5Mpixels in RGB in jpg files</li> <li>Frequency: 3 images per day at 14h, 15h and 16h GMT</li> <li>Site: Close to Crater Lake CALM site, in Crater Lake sounders of Deception island, Antarctica.</li> <li>Location: </li> <li>Elevation:</li> <li>Initial dataset date/time: February 20, 2021 14:00h GMT</li> <li>Final dataset date/time: January 13, 2022 15:00h GMT</li> <li>Gaps: None</li> <li>Notes: <ul> <li>Folders: 12</li> <li>Files: 983</li> <li>Other files: none</li> <li>Folder names structure: year_month</li> <li>Datafiles names structure: Site_camera_year_month_day_hour_minute_second.jpg</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Phenomenological images (CL-CAM2) of Crater Lake CALM site, Deception island, Antarctica (2021).
<p>Images acquired by a phenomenological automatic time-lapse camera (CL-CAM2) located in Crater Lake permafrost and active layer monitoring site in Crater Lake sounders in Deception island, Antarctica, in 2021.</p> <ul> <li>File code: DEC_CL_CAM2_2021_v100</li> <li>Location code: DEC</li> <li>Site code: CL</li> <li>Instrument code: CAM2</li> <li>Period: 2021</li> <li>Version: 1.0.0 (jpg images as they were obtained from camera, without processing)</li> <li>Camera/manufacturer: CC5MPX by Campbell Scientific Inc.</li> <li>Resolution/Type/Format: 5Mpixels in RGB in jpg files</li> <li>Frequency: 3 images per day at 14h, 15h and 16h GMT</li> <li>Site: Close to Crater Lake CALM site, in Crater Lake sounders of Deception island, Antarctica.</li> <li>Location: </li> <li>Elevation:</li> <li>Initial dataset date/time: February 17, 2021 14:00h GMT</li> <li>Final dataset date/time: January 8, 2022 15:00h GMT</li> <li>Gaps: Yes, multiple due to power failure</li> <li>Notes: <ul> <li>Folders: 4</li> <li>Files: 93</li> <li>Other files: no</li> <li>Folder names structure: year_month</li> <li>Datafiles names structure: Site_camera_year_month_day_hour_minute_second.jpg</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Data from: Repeated divergence in opsin gene expression mirrors photic habitat changes in rapidly evolving crater lake cichlid fishes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Elevation Models for Reproducible Evaluation of Terrain Representation – Archetypal Landforms – Crater Lake ASCII
<p>An elevation model of Crater Lake, Oregon, USA</p> <p>Landform features: caldera, cinder cone, lava flow</p> <p>Resolution: 3.33 meter, 5,200 x 5,200 height samples</p> <p>File format: Esri ASCII grid</p> <p>This is one model of a set of elevation models: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3938020">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3938020</a>. Please cite the entire set of models.</p> <p>Version 1.0.1 removes empty space characters from the file header, which prevented the file from being opened by some software.</p> <p>When using this elevation model in an academic publication, please cite the following article, which describes the process and rationale for compiling elevation models:</p> <p><em>Kennelly, P. J., Patterson, T., Jenny, B., Huffman, D. P., Marston, B. E., Bell, S. and Tait, A. M. (2021). Elevation models for reproducible evaluation of terrain representation. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 48:1, 63–77. DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2020.1830856">10.1080/15230406.2020.1830856</a></em></p>
Data from: Genomic islands of speciation separate cichlid ecomorphs in an East African crater lake
The genomic causes and effects of divergent ecological selection during speciation are still poorly understood. Here we report the discovery and detailed characterization of early-stage adaptive divergence of two cichlid fish ecomorphs in a small (700 meters in diameter) isolated crater lake in Tanzania. The ecomorphs differ in depth preference, male breeding color, body shape, diet, and trophic morphology. With whole-genome sequences of 146 fish, we identified 98 clearly demarcated genomic "islands" of high differentiation and demonstrated the association of genotypes across these islands with divergent mate preferences. The islands contain candidate adaptive genes enriched for functions in sensory perception (including rhodopsin and other twilight-vision–associated genes), hormone signaling, and morphogenesis. Our study suggests mechanisms and genomic regions that may play a role in the closely related mega-radiation of Lake Malawi.
Data from: Weak disruptive selection and incomplete phenotypic divergence in two classic examples of sympatric speciation: Cameroon crater lake cichlids
Recent documentation of a few compelling examples of sympatric speciation led to a proliferation of theoretical models. Unfortunately, plausible examples from nature have rarely been used to test model predictions, such as the initial presence of strong disruptive selection. Here I estimated the form and strength of selection in two classic examples of sympatric speciation: radiations of Cameroon cichlids restricted to lakes Barombi Mbo and Ejagham. I measured five functional traits and relative growth rates in over 500 individuals within incipient species complexes from each lake. Disruptive selection was prevalent in both groups on single and multivariate trait axes, but weak relative to stabilizing selection on other traits and most published estimates of disruptive selection. Furthermore, despite genetic structure, assortative mating, and bimodal species-diagnostic coloration, trait distributions were unimodal in both species complexes, indicating the earliest stages of speciation. Long waiting times or incomplete sympatric speciation may result when disruptive selection is initially weak. Alternatively, I present evidence of additional constraints in both species complexes, including weak linkage between coloration and morphology, reduced morphological variance aligned with nonlinear selection surfaces, and minimal ecological divergence. While other species within these radiations show complete phenotypic separation, morphological and ecological divergence in these species complexes may be slow or incomplete outside optimal parameter ranges, in contrast to rapid divergence of their sexual coloration.
Data from: Parental coordination with respect to colour polymorphism in a crater lake fish
In many taxa, success in parental care requires the coordinated efforts of both parents. Given the evolutionary potential of parental performance, as well as phenotype-related behavioural differences, it is surprising that parental coordination in polymorphic species has attracted only very limited research attention. To redress this gap, I combined multiple approaches to assess parental performance and coordination of parental effort in the colour polymorphic and biparental cichlid fish, Amphilophus sagittae, in its natural crater lake habitat. I compared parents of the two colour morphs, dark and gold, as well as pairs that had mated colour assortatively ('same colour' pairs) versus disassortatively ('mixed' pairs). The two morphs differed in terms of a higher than expected number of single gold morph parents. Interestingly, parental coordination, in terms of the size of the defended territory and the rate of aggressive responses towards natural territory intruders, was lower in mixed than same colour pairs. Mixed pairs also had their territories in deeper water. However, no pair type differences in early survival of biparentally defended broods were detected. The findings contribute towards a better understanding of the role of parental coordination in polymorphic species, highlighting the importance of considering parental effort, coordination, and performance in the context of the dynamics of (colour) polymorphisms in the wild. Indeed, if the observed behavioural differences will translate into negative fitness effects for mixed pairs, parental performance can also provide a mechanism selecting for colour assortative mating and restricting gene flow under mating regimes that are not completely assortative.
FIGURE 4. A–D in Comments on cladocerans of crater lakes of the Nevado de Toluca Volcano (Central Mexico), with the description of a new species, Alona manueli sp. nov.
FIGURE 4. A–D, Alonella pulchella Herrick, 1884 from Lago de la Luna Lake, volcano Nevado de Toluca, State of Mexico, parthenogenetic female: A, lateral view. B, sculpture of valves. C, postero-ventral corner of valves. D, postabdomen. E–H, Pleuroxus cf. denticulatus Birge, 1879 from Lago del Sol lake, volcano Nevado de Toluca, State of Mexico, parthenogenetic female: E, lateral view. F, postero-ventral corner of valves. G, postabdomen. H, distal marginal denticles of postabdomen. Scale bars denote 0.1 mm for A, G and E, F, 0.05 mm for B–D, F, H.
FIGURE 2 in Comments on cladocerans of crater lakes of the Nevado de Toluca Volcano (Central Mexico), with the description of a new species, Alona manueli sp. nov.
FIGURE 2. Alona manueli sp. nov. from Lago de la Luna Lake, volcano Nevado de Toluca, State of Mexico. A–F, adult parthenogenetic female. A, posteroventral corner of valves. B, labrum. C–D, postabdomen. E, antennule. F, antenna. G–H, adult male. G, postabdomen. H, antennule. Scale bar denotes 0.05 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Comments on cladocerans of crater lakes of the Nevado de Toluca Volcano (Central Mexico), with the description of a new species, Alona manueli sp. nov.
FIGURE 1. Alona manueli sp. nov. from Lago de la Luna Lake, volcano Nevado de Toluca, State of Mexico. A, juvenile female of instar I. B–С, juvenile female of instar II: B, lateral view. C, head shield. D–K, adult parthenogenetic female: D–E, lateral view (D—holotype). F, ventral margin of valves. G–I, head shield. J–K, head pores. L, adult male, outline of the body. Scale bars denote 0.1 mm for A–E, G–I, L and F, 0.05 mm for J–K.
FIGURE 3 in Comments on cladocerans of crater lakes of the Nevado de Toluca Volcano (Central Mexico), with the description of a new species, Alona manueli sp. nov.
FIGURE 3. Alona manueli sp. nov. from Lago de la Luna Lake, volcano Nevado de Toluca, State of Mexico. A–K, limbs of parthenogenetic female. A, limb I. B, IDL and ODL of limb I. C, limb II. D, exopodite of limb II. E, exopodite of limb III. F–G, inner portion of limb III. H, exopodite of limb IV. I, inner portion of limb IV. J, exopodite of limb V. K, inner portion of limb V. L–N, limb I of adult male. L, ventral margin of the limb. M, IDL and copulatory hook. M, copulatory hook. Scale bar denotes 0.05 mm.
Data from: Complex histories of repeated gene flow in Cameroon crater lake cichlids cast doubt on one of the clearest examples of sympatric speciation
One of the most celebrated examples of sympatric speciation in nature are monophyletic radiations of cichlid fishes endemic to Cameroon crater lakes. However, phylogenetic inference of monophyly may not detect complex colonization histories involving some allopatric isolation, such as double invasions obscured by genome-wide gene flow. Population genomic approaches are better suited to test hypotheses of sympatric speciation in these cases. Here we use comprehensive sampling from all four sympatric crater lake cichlid radiations in Cameroon and outgroups across Africa combined with next-generation sequencing to genotype tens of thousands of SNPs. We find considerable evidence of gene flow between all four radiations and neighboring riverine populations after initial colonization. In a few cases, some sympatric species are more closely related to outgroups than others, consistent with secondary gene flow facilitating their speciation. Our results do not rule out sympatric speciation in Cameroon cichlids, but rather reveal a complex history of speciation with gene flow, including allopatric and sympatric phases, resulting in both reproductively isolated species and incipient species complexes. The best remaining non-cichlid examples of sympatric speciation all involve assortative mating within microhabitats. We speculate that this feature may be necessary to complete the process of sympatric speciation in nature.
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