Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 5 in Differential expression of HPG-axis genes in autotetraploids derived from red crucian carp Carassius auratus red var., × blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala,

FIGURE 5 Mean (+SD) relative expression of gnrh2, fshb, lhb, fshr and lhr messenger (m)RNA in (a) the breeding season () 2n, and () 4n and (b) the non-breeding season in Carassius auratus red var. () 2n, and () 4n. (RCC,) and autotetraploid C. auratus red var. ♀ × Megalobrama amblycephala ♂ (4nRR,). T, gene detected in the testis; O, gene detected in the ovary. *, significant difference between RCC and 4nRR (P <0.05)

FIGURE 4 Deduced amino-acid sequences for the Gnrh2 in Differential expression of HPG-axis genes in autotetraploids derived from red crucian carp Carassius auratus red var., × blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala,

FIGURE 4 Deduced amino-acid sequences for the Gnrh2 () and Lhr () genes in Carassius auratus red var. (RCC) and autotetraploid C. auratus red var. ♀ × Megalobrama amblycephala ♂ (4nRR)

FIGURE 2 in Differential expression of HPG-axis genes in autotetraploids derived from red crucian carp Carassius auratus red var., × blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala,

FIGURE 2 (a) The mature eggs (scale bar = 100 μm) and (b) mature sperm (scale bar = 10 μm) of autotetraploid Carrasius auratus red var. ♀ x Megalobrama amblycephala ♂ (4nRR)

FIGURE 3 in Differential expression of HPG-axis genes in autotetraploids derived from red crucian carp Carassius auratus red var., × blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala,

FIGURE 3 Reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR analysis of the expression of (a) gnrh2, (b) fshb, (c) lhb, (d) fshr and (e) lhr messenger (m)RNA in various tissues of autotetraploid Carrasius auratus red var. ♀ x Megalobrama amblycephala ♂ (4nRR). The upper strip of each panel (a)–(e) shows the positive control of actin gene while the lower strip of each panel shows the RT-PCR amplification of the target gene

FIGURE 1 in Differential expression of HPG-axis genes in autotetraploids derived from red crucian carp Carassius auratus red var., × blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala,

FIGURE 1 The gonadal structure of Carassius auratus red var. [RCC; (a)–(c)] and autotetraploids C. auratus red var. ♀ × Megalobrama amblycephala ♂ [4nRR; (d)–(f)]: (a) ovary of 7 month-old RCC containing many phase II and a few phase III oocytes; (b) ovary of 12 month-old RCC showing many mature phase IV ova; (c) testis of 12 month-old RCC with numerous mature sperms () and a small amount of spermatocytes () in the lobules of testes; (d) ovary of 7 month-old 4nRR containing phase II and a few phase III oocytes; (e) ovary of 12 month-old 4nRR with numerous mature phase IV ova; (f) testis of 12 month-old 4nRR with numerous mature sperms () and a small amount of spermatocytes () in the lobules of testes, the scale bars: (a), (b), (d), and (e) = 100 μm; (c) and (f) = 10 μm

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

Experimental manipulation of perceived predation risk and cortisol generates contrasting trait trajectories in plastic crucian carp

Most animals constitute potential prey and must respond appropriately to predator-mediated stress in order to survive. Numerous prey also adaptively tailor their response to the prevailing level of risk and stress imposed by their natural enemies, i.e. they adopt an inducible defence strategy. Predator exposure may activate the stress axis, and drive the expression of anti-predator traits that facilitate survival in a high-risk environment (the predation–stress hypothesis). Here, we quantified two key morphological anti-predator traits, body morphology and coloration in crucian carp following exposure (or not) to a predator (pike) as well as to experimental manipulation of physiological stress via implants containing either cortisol or a cortisol inhibitor. We found that predator-exposed fish expressed a deeper-bodied phenotype and darker body coloration as compared with non-exposed individuals. Skin analyses revealed that an increase in the amount of melanophores caused the dramatic colour change in predatorexposed fish. Increased melanization is costly, and the darker body coloration may act as an inducible defence against predation, via a conspicuous signal of the morphological defence or by crypsis towards dark environments and a nocturnal lifestyle. By contrast, the phenotype of individuals carrying cortisol implants did not mirror the phenotype of predator-exposed fish but instead exhibited opposite trajectories of trait change: a shallow-bodied morphology with a lighter body coloration as compared with sham-treated fish. The cortisol inhibitor did not influence the phenotype of fish i.e. neither body depth nor body coloration differed between this group and predator-exposed fish having a sham implant. However, our results illuminate a potential link between stress physiology and morphological defence expression.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Data for: Visualization of the hidden food sources of bass (Micropterus salmoides), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and minnow (Zacco platypus) using 18S rRNA V9 primers on urban Singal Reservoir in Korea

Fish are the most important consumers in aquatic ecosystems, and the analysis of fish prey is very important for understanding their short-term feeding characteristics and the connectivity of food webs. In this study, DNA metabarcoding was used to identify the prey of the native fish species, Zacco platypus (the pale chub) and Carassius carassius, and an introduced species, Micropterus salmoides, in domestic lentic ecosystems. Prey community composition, selectivity index, prey diversity, and trophic level analyses were performed. The prey composition ratio analysis showed that in August 2020, 85.8% of M. salmoides' prey was fish from the orders Cypriniformes and Perciformes, and in July 2021, 100% of M. salmoides' prey was zooplankton from the orders Anomopoda and Calanoida. Zooplankton was the main prey of Z. platypus collected in August 2020 (69.5%) and C. carassius collected in July 2021 (88.9%). The selectivity index analysis showed that the preferred prey of M. salmoides was fish from the order Cypriniformes, the preferred prey of Z. platypus was phytoplankton from the division Bacillariophyta, and the preferred prey of C. carassius was zooplankton from the order Cladocera. For the prey width analysis, C. carassius had the highest BI index value (0.8), followed by Z. platypus (0.29), while M. salmoides had BI index values of 0.09, 0.19, and 0.001, indicating low prey width. These results provide fundamental data on the utility of DNA metabarcoding for dietary studies of major fish species in lentic ecosystems and for analyzing food web connectivity based on major prey items.

publicJun 2023View details →

Data for: Visualization of the hidden food sources of bass (Micropterus salmoides), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and minnow (Zacco platypus) using 18S rRNA V9 primers on urban Singal Reservoir in Korea

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicFeb 2020View details →

Experimental manipulation of perceived predation risk and cortisol generates contrasting trait trajectories in plastic crucian carp

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Intraspecific scaling of the resting and maximum metabolic rates of the crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

The question of how the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass (M) is achieved in animals is unresolved. Here, we tested the cell metabolism hypothesis and the organ size hypothesis by assessing the mass scaling of the resting metabolic rate (RMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), erythrocyte size, and the masses of metabolically active organs in the crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The M of the crucian carp ranged from 4.5 to 323.9 g, representing an approximately 72-fold difference. The RMR and MMR increased with M according to the allometric equations RMR = 0.212M0.776 and MMR = 0.753M0.785. The scaling exponents for RMR (br) and MMR (bm) obtained in crucian carp were close to each other. Thus, the factorial aerobic scope remained almost constant with increasing M. Although erythrocyte size was negatively correlated with both mass-specific RMR and absolute RMR adjusted to M, it and all other hematological parameters showed no significant relationship with M. These data demonstrate that the cell metabolism hypothesis does not describe metabolic scaling in the crucian carp, suggesting that erythrocyte size may not represent the general size of other cell types in this fish and the metabolic activity of cells may decrease as fish grows. The mass scaling exponents of active organs was lower than 1 while that of inactive organs was greater than 1, which suggests that the mass scaling of the RMR can be partly due to variance in the proportion of active/inactive organs in crucian carp. Furthermore, our results provide additional evidence supporting the correlation between locomotor capacity and metabolic scaling.

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Data from: Defence versus defence: are crucian carp trading off immune function against predator-induced morphology?

1. Numerous species adopt inducible defence strategies, i.e. they have phenotypically plastic traits that decrease the risk of capture and consumption by potential predators. The benefits of expressing alternative phenotypes in high- versus low-risk environments are well documented. However, inducible anti-predator traits are also expected to incur costs, as they are not expressed when predators are absent, yet empirical evidence of such costs remains scarce. 2. Virtually all animals in nature are simultaneously under strong selection to evade both capture by predators and infection by parasites or pathogens, and, hence, display a diverse arsenal of defences to combat these threats, raising the possibility of trade-offs between defences. A classic example of a predator-induced morphological defence is the deep-bodied shape of crucian carp that reduces risk of predation from gape-size limited predators. The goal of this study was to examine if predator exposure affects also immune function in crucian carp, and if the degree of expressed morphological defence is traded off against immune function in individuals. 3. Following exposure to manipulations of perceived risk (predator presence/absence) in a long-term experiment (eight months), key aspects of innate immune function and individual differences in the expression of inducible morphological defence were quantified. 4. Predator-exposed individuals showed lower haptoglobin levels and complement activity, but higher natural antibody titres than fish from predator-free conditions. When experimentally challenged with a mimicked bacterial infection (LPS injection), fish reared in the presence of a natural predator showed a weaker immune response. Moreover, among predator-exposed individuals, the magnitude of morphological defence expression correlated with both baseline immune function and the ability to mount an immune response. However, these relationships were not consistently supportive of a general trade-off among defences. 5. Our results suggest that fish exposed to predators on average reduce investment in immune function and, further, the observed relationships among defences in predator-exposed individuals can best be explained from individual fitness and pace-of-life perspectives.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Predator community and resource use jointly modulate the inducible defense response in body height of crucian carp

Phenotypic plasticity can be expressed as changes in body shape in response to environmental variability. Crucian carp (Carassius carassius), a widespread cyprinid, displays remarkable plasticity in body morphology and increases body depth when exposed to cues from predators, suggesting the triggering of an anti-predator defense mechanism. However, these morphological changes could also be related to resource use and foraging behavior, as an indirect effect of predator presence. In order to determine whether phenotypic plasticity in crucian carp is driven by a direct or indirect response to predation threat, we compared twelve fish communities inhabiting small lakes in southeast Norway grouped by four categories of predation regimes: no predator fish, or brown trout (Salmo trutta), perch (Perca fluviatilis) or pike (Esox lucius) as main piscivores. We predicted the body shape of crucian carp to be associated with the species composition of predator communities, and that the presence of efficient piscivores results in a deeper body shape. We use stable isotope analyses to test if this variation in body shape was related to a shift in individual resource use – i.e., littoral rather than pelagic resource use would favor the development of a specific body shape - or other environmental characteristics. The results showed that increasingly efficient predator communities induced progressively deeper body shape, larger body size and lower population densities. Predator maximum gape size and individual trophic position were the best variables explaining crucian carp variation in body depth among predation categories, while littoral resource use did not have a clear effect. The gradient in predation pressure also corresponded to a shift in lake productivity. These results indicate that crucian carp have a fine-tuned morphological defense mechanism against predation risk, triggered by the combined effect of predator presence and resource availability.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Data for: Anti-predator phenotype in crucian carp altered by a psychoactive drug

Predator-inducible defences constitute a widespread form of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, and such defences have recently been suggested linked with the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system is a target of endocrine disruptors, such as psychoactive pharmaceuticals, which are common aquatic contaminants. We hypothesized that exposure to an antidepressant pollutant, fluoxetine, influences the physiological stress response in our model species, crucian carp, affecting its behavioural and morphological responses to predation threat. We examined short- and long-term effects of fluoxetine and predator exposure on behaviour and morphology in crucian carp. 17 days of exposure to a high dose of fluoxetine (100 µg L-1), resulted in a shyer phenotype, regardless of the presence/absence of a pike predator, but this effect disappeared after long-term exposure. Fluoxetine effects on morphological plasticity was context dependent as a low dose (1 µg L-1) only influenced crucian carp body shape in pike presence. A high dose of fluoxetine strongly influenced body shape regardless of predator treatment. Our results highlight that environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals could disrupt physiological regulation of ecologically important inducible defences.

zenodo32/100

Golden crucian carp detection dataset

Golden crucian carp detection dataset

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

publicJun 2022View details →

Data for: Anti-predator phenotype in crucian carp altered by a psychoactive drug

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicNov 2014View details →

Data from: Intraspecific scaling of the resting and maximum metabolic rates of the crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicDec 2021View details →

Predator community and resource use jointly modulate the inducible defense response in body height of crucian carp

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.