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61 results for “cryptic invasion”
Fig. 4 in Variations in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality among sympatric cryptic lineages of native amphipods and a congeneric invasive species: Are native hosts always losing?
Fig. 4. Parasite abundance as a function of amphipod body size (used as a proxy for age) in each of the 8 amphipod MOTUs. The polynomial effect of body size on parasite abundance is modeled with a general mixed effect linear model with a Poisson distribution and a log link function. The y axis is in log scale for representation purposes. Body size is rescaled to initial values in the graph for representation purposes. Predicted curves are represented in plain black lines with their standard errors in dotted lines.
Fig. 2 in Variations in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality among sympatric cryptic lineages of native amphipods and a congeneric invasive species: Are native hosts always losing?
Fig. 2. Mean parasite prevalences (proportion of infected individuals in %) among amphipod populations/sampling sites and their bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals in the different MOTUs sampled and for the three acanthocephalan species, separately and overall (all three parasites grouped). Overall prevalences in MOTUs assigned different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 level.
Fig. 1 in Variations in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality among sympatric cryptic lineages of native amphipods and a congeneric invasive species: Are native hosts always losing?
Fig. 1. Genetic divergence levels (%) among MOTUs of the G. fossarum/G. pulex species complex found in our sampling sites/rivers. Gammarus roeseli was identified morphologically rather than genetically.
Fig. 3 in Variations in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality among sympatric cryptic lineages of native amphipods and a congeneric invasive species: Are native hosts always losing?
Fig. 3. Mean parasite abundances (mean number of acanthocephalan larvae per individual host) among amphipod populations/sampling sites and their bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals in the different MOTUs sampled and for the three acanthocephalan species, separately and overall (all three parasites grouped). Overall abundances in MOTUs assigned different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 level.
Data from: Kúr et al. (2023) Cryptic invasion suggested by cytogeographic analysis of the halophytic Puccinellia distans complex (Poaceae) in Central Europe
<p>A collection of flow cytometry standard (FCS) files generated during the cytogeographic analysis of the halophytic Puccinellia distans complex (Poaceae) in Central Europe. The data was generated as part of the research published in Kúr et al. (2023) Cryptic invasion suggested by cytogeographic analysis of the halophytic Puccinellia distans complex (Poaceae) in Central Europe [in prep.]</p>
Identifying diagnostic genetic markers for a cryptic invasive agricultural pest: a test case using the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Insect pests destroy ~15% of all USA crops, resulting in losses of $15 billion annually. Thus, developing cheap, quick and reliable methods for detecting harmful species is critical to curtail insect damage and lessen economic impact. The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major invasive pest threatening the multibillion-dollar apple industry in the Pacific Northwest USA. The fly is also sympatric with a benign but morphologically similar and genetically closely related species, R. zephyria, which attacks non-commercial snowberry. Unambiguous species identification is essential due to a zero-infestation policy of apple maggot for fruit export. Mistaking R. zephyria for R. pomonella triggers unnecessary and costly quarantines, diverting valuable control resources. Here we develop and apply a relatively simple and cost-effective diagnostic approach using Illumina sequencing of double digest restriction-site associated DNA markers. We identified five informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and designed a diagnostic test based on agarose gel electrophoresis of restriction enzyme digested polymerase chain reaction amplification products (RFLPs) to distinguish fly species. We demonstrated the utility of this approach for immediate, one day species identification by scoring apple- and snowberry-infesting flies of known host plant identity, reared directly from 11 sites throughout Washington. However, if immediate diagnosis is not required, or hundreds to thousands of specimens must be assessed, then a direct Illumina-based sequencing strategy, similar to that used here for diagnostic SNP identification can be powerful and cost-effective. The genomic strategy we present is effective for R. pomonella and also transferable to many cryptic pests.
Herbarium specimens reveal a cryptic invasion of polyploid Centaurea stoebe in Europe - ITS1 dataset
<h3>Description of the data and file structure</h3> <p>We genotyped the ITS1 locus of 178 herbarium specimens using protocol described in Suchan et al. (2018; https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12948) and processed using custom script. The specimens were chosen after morphological determination of their cytotypes (morphological determination accuracy: 97.8%). We choose this subsample (3.5% of the total number of specimens) to represent comparable distributional ranges and collection dates across both cytotypes, including specimens from both the native and expanded ranges of tetraploid <em>C. stoebe</em>. Genotyping of the ITS1 locus unambiguously identifies the cytotype, as all tetraploid samples exhibit a unique ribotype B, which has never been found in diploid samples (Mráz et al., 2012; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.006).</p> <h4>Files and variables</h4> <p><strong>File: Centaurea_stoebe_ITS1_script.sh</strong></p> <p>Description: This file contains the script used for processing raw sequence data to obtain a table with the numbers of reads in each sample mapping to the obtained ITS1 variants. The software used was: PEAR v0.9.6, cutadapt v.3.2, vsearch v2.28.1</p> <p><strong>File: Centaurea_stoebe_sample_list.xlsx</strong></p> <p>Description: This file contains a list of analyzed herbarium specimens.</p> <p>Variables</p> <ul> <li>ID - sample ID</li> <li>Lab working no. - Identifier of the samples in the ITS1 analyses, specifically in the Centaurea_stoebe_ITS1_sequence_numbers.xlsx file</li> <li>Morphology-based estimation - ploidy of the sample estimated with morphology (2 - diploid, 4 - tetraploid)</li> <li>ITS seq based estimation - ploidy of the sample estimated using ITS1 sequencing (2 - diploid, 4 - tetraploid)</li> <li>Congruence(1)/mismatch(0) - congruence (1) or mismatch (0) between morphological and genetic policy estimation</li> <li>Country of origin</li> <li>Herbarium</li> <li>Herbarium coll. number</li> <li>Collector</li> <li>Collection year</li> <li>Locality</li> <li>Latitude</li> <li>Longitude</li> </ul> <p><strong>File: Centaurea_stoebe_ITS1_sequences.fasta</strong></p> <p>Description: This file contains sequences of the obtained ITS1 variants.</p> <p><strong>File: Centaurea_stoebe_ITS1_sequence_numbers.xlsx</strong></p> <p>Description: This file contains a table with the numbers of reads in each sample mapping to the obtained ITS1 variants.</p> <p>Variables</p> <ul> <li>OTU - ITS1 variant number</li> <li>size - number of sequences from the total data clustered to the variant</li> <li>next columns contain numbers of reads mapped to each ITS1 variant for each sample</li> </ul> <h3>Code/software</h3> <p>The code to process sequence data is included in Centaurea_stoebe_ITS1_script.sh file. The software used was: PEAR v0.9.6, cutadapt v.3.2, vsearch v2.28.</p>
Can cryptic female choice prevent invasive hybridization in external fertilizing fish?
<p>Polyandrous mating systems result in females mating with multiple males, generating opportunities for strong pre-mating and post-mating sexual selection. Polyandry also creates the potential for unintended matings and subsequent sperm competition with hybridizing species. Cryptic female choice allows females to bias paternity towards preferred males under sperm competition and may include conspecific sperm preference when under hybridization risk. The potential for hybridization becomes particularly important in context of invasive species that can novelly hybridize with natives, and by definition, have evolved allopatrically. We provide the first examination of conspecific sperm preference in a system of three species with the potential to hybridize: North American native Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>) and brook char (<em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em>), and invasive brown trout (<em>Salmo trutta</em>) from Europe. Using naturalized populations on the island of Newfoundland, we measured changes in sperm swimming performance, a known predictor of paternity, to determine the degree of modification in sperm swimming to female cues related to conspecific sperm preference. Compared to water alone, female ovarian fluid, in general, had a pronounced effect and changed sperm motility (by a mean of 53%) and swimming velocity (mean 30%), but not linearity (mean 6%). However, patterns in the degree of modification suggest there is no conspecific sperm preference in the North American populations. Furthermore, female cues from both native species tended to boost the sperm of invasive males more than their own. We conclude that cryptic female choice via ovarian fluid mediated sperm swimming modification is too weak in this system to prevent invasive hybridization and is likely insufficient to promote or maintain reproductive isolation among the native North American species. </p>
Data from:Identifying cryptic mammals with non-invasive methods: An effective molecular species identification tool to survey southern African terrestrial carnivores
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Can cryptic female choice prevent invasive hybridization in external fertilizing fish?
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Identifying diagnostic genetic markers for a cryptic invasive agricultural pest: a test case using the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae)
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Data from: Pathways of cryptic invasion in a fish parasite traced using coalescent analysis and epidemiological survey
Introduced species have the potential to outperform natives via the introduction of new parasites to which the native ecosystem is vulnerable. Cryptic diversity within an invasive species can obscure invasion patterns and confound proper management measures. The aim of this study is to use coalescent theory based methodology to trace recent routes of invasion in populations of Ligula intestinalis, a globally distributed fish parasite possessing both native and recently introduced populations in North Africa. Molecular analyses of mitochondrial DNA discerned a pronounced genetic divergence between introduced and native populations. Distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes demonstrated common origin of European populations with North African parasites sampled from introduced fish species in Tunisia. To test the suggested pathway of introduction, microsatellite data were examined in a model-based coalescent analysis using the software MIGRATE, where Europe to Tunisia direction of migration was favoured over alternative hypotheses of gene flow. Specificity of Tunisian populations to different host species was assessed in an epidemiologic survey confirming prevailing host-based division between introduced and native parasites in North Africa. This approach combining advanced analysis of molecular markers with host-specificity data allows revealing the evolution of host-parasite interactions following biological invasion and provides basis for devising future management measurements.
FIGURE 11 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea
FIGURE 11. Maximum Likelihood-based molecular phylogenetic analysis of Megabalanus species using a Cytochrome Oxidase I gene fragment (426bp) obtained from GenBank and two sequenced specimens from Curaçao (MNRJ25256 / KX538961, MNRJ25257 / KX538962). Bootstrap values below nodes and number of sequences in brackets. GenBank accession numbers are listed in Appendix II.
FIGURE 12 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea
FIGURE 12. Reported localities of Megabalanus zebra based on available literature and the present work. Only reports from non-mobile substrate or those with a confidence that belongs to a local population.
FIGURE 10 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea
FIGURE 10. Morphometric analysis of scutum inner face. A, scatterplot of the canonical variate scores of relative warps among Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (orange x), Megabalanus coccopoma (Darwin, 1854) (green circle) and Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) (red star); B, thin-plate spline deformation grid of CVA1; and C, box-plot of ratio between scutum basal margin / tergal margin (n=13), with a sample image of each species analyzed.
FIGURE 9 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea
FIGURE 9. Morphometric analysis of tergum inner face. A, scatterplot of the canonical variate scores of relative warps among Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (orange x), Megabalanus coccopoma (Darwin, 1854) (green circle) and Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) (red star); B, thin-plate spline deformation grid of CVA1; and C, box-plot of ratio between tergum basal margin segment, scutal side / spur width ratio (n=13), with a sample image of each species analyzed.
FIGURE 8 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea
FIGURE 8. Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) oral appendages from three specimens collected in Chaguaramas, Trinidad. A, labrum; B, detail of labrum (A); C, palp; D, mandible; E, detail of second tooth of mandible (D); F, mandible; G, detail of distal margin of palp (C); H, maxilla I; I, detail of maxilla (H) upper angle; J, detail of mandible (F) showing the 4th and 5th tooth and lower angle; K, maxilla II. A, B and K represent specimen MNRJ 25249; C and G, MNRJ 25245; D and E MNRJ 25255; F, H, I and J, MNRJ 25247. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea
FIGURE 4. Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) right parietal plates from a specimen collected from the Progression hull at Chaguaramas, Trinidad (MNRJ 25247). A, external view; B, internal view. al = alae; sh = sheath; rd = radius; c = carina; cl1 = carinolatus 1; cl2 = carinolatus 2. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea
FIGURE 2. Specimens of Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) collected on boat hulls sampled in Trinidad. A and C, specimen from Progression (MNRJ 25244), left lateral and upper view respectively; B, specimens attached to Lepas anatifera (Linnaeus, 1758), collected from Ƒiking IƑ (MNRJ 25258); D, two specimens of M. zebra attached to Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) from Alcazar; left (MNRJ 25255), right (MNRJ 25254). Scale bar: A, C and D = 0.5 cm; B = 1 cm.
FIGURE 3 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea
FIGURE 3. Size structure based on shell basal length of Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) from specimens sampled in Trinidad and Curaçao (n=41). Three broken shells were not included.
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