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Fig. 1 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*

Fig. 1. Sampling sites and haplotypes found in and around the Carpathian Basin. Sam- ples collected in this study are marked with circles and haplotype codes, and previously

Fig. 5 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*

Fig. 5. Original drawings by O. Gy. Dely: male (A, B) and female (C, D) Ichthyosaura alpestris alpestris head shape from dorsal (A, C) and lateral (B, D) view

Fig. 4 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*

Fig. 4. Holotype of Triturus (=Ichthyosaura) alpestris bakonyiensis (Dely, 1964) (HNHM- HER-61.27.1.) from dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) view

Fig. 8 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*

Fig. 8. Original drawings by O. Gy. Dely: female (A–D) and male (E–H) Ichthyosaura alpestris bakonyiensis skull from dorsal (A, E), ventral (B, F), lateral (C, G) and posterior (D, H) view

Fig. 7 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*

Fig. 7. Original drawings by O. Gy. Dely: female (A–D) and male (E–H) Ichthyosaura alpestris alpestris skull from dorsal (A, E), ventral (B, F), lateral (C, G) and posterior (D, H) view

Fig. 3 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*

Fig. 3. Median-joining network of the combined mtDNA haplotypes found in and around the Carpathian Basin (drawn with PopArt 1.7). Inset: distribution of Ichthyosaura alpestris in this region. On the network, circles with haplotype names mark haplotypes found in this

Fig. 6 in Mitochondrial Dna Diversity Of The Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) In The Carpathian Basin: Evidence For Multiple Cryptic Lineages Associated With Pleistocene Refugia*

Fig. 6. Original drawings by O. Gy. Dely: male (A, B) and female (C, D) Ichthyosaura alpestris bakonyiensis head shape from dorsal (A, C) and lateral (B, D) view

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: The extent and meaning of hybridization and introgression between Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) and Norway spruce (Picea abies): cryptic refugia as stepping stones to the west?

Boreal species were repeatedly exposed to ice ages and went through cycles of contraction and expansion while sister species alternated periods of contact and isolation. The resulting genetic structure is consequently complex, and demographic inferences are intrinsically challenging. The range of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) covers most of northern Eurasia; yet their geographical limits and histories remain poorly understood. To delineate the hybrid zone between the two species and reconstruct their joint demographic history, we analysed variation at nuclear SSR and mitochondrial DNA in 102 and 88 populations, respectively. The dynamics of the hybrid zone was analysed with approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) followed by posterior predictive structure plot reconstruction and the presence of barriers across the range tested with estimated effective migration surfaces. To estimate the divergence time between the two species, nuclear sequences from two well-separated populations of each species were analysed with ABC. Two main barriers divide the range of the two species: one corresponds to the hybrid zone between them, and the other separates the southern and northern domains of Norway spruce. The hybrid zone is centred on the Urals, but the genetic impact of Siberian spruce extends further west. The joint distribution of mitochondrial and nuclear variation indicates an introgression of mitochondrial DNA from Norway spruce into Siberian spruce. Overall, our data reveal a demographic history where the two species interacted frequently and where migrants originating from the Urals and the West Siberian Plain recolonized northern Russia and Scandinavia using scattered refugial populations of Norway spruce as stepping stones towards the west.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Data from: Microclimate-based species distribution models in complex terrain indicate widespread cryptic refugia under climate change

Aim: Species' climatic niches may be poorly predicted by regional climate estimates used in species distribution models (SDMs) due to microclimatic buffering of local conditions. Here, we compare SDMs generated using a locally validated below-canopy microclimate model to those based on interpolated weather station data at two spatial scales to determine the effects of scale, topography, and forest cover on potential future ground-level warming and species distributions. Location: Great Smoky Mountains National Park (2090 km2; NC, TN, USA) Time period: 1970 – 2006 Major taxa: Vascular plant species of the Southern Appalachians Methods: We compared the fit and predictions of SDMs generated using a database of plant occurrences and three climate models: macroclimate (1 km, WorldClim), fine-scale (30 m) interpolation of macroclimate with elevation, and fine-scale below-canopy microclimate from a ground-level sensor network. Results: We found that, although SDM fit was similar across models, microclimate-derived SDMs predicted substantially greater species persistence with 4 °C of regional warming, with a difference of 50% of the species pool in some areas. Microclimate SDMs predicted higher stability of mid-elevation species, particularly in thermally buffered areas near streams, and critically, less change in species composition at high elevation. In contrast, predictions of macroclimate and interpolation models were similar despite improved resolution. Main conclusions: Our results demonstrate that careful selection of climate drivers, including local near-ground validation rather than interpolation, is critical for projecting distributions. They also suggest that some species at risk from climate change might persist, even with 4 °C of macroclimate warming, in cryptic refugia buffered by microclimate, pointing to the roles of forest cover and topography in explaining slower-than-expected changes in understory communities. However, certain species, such as those currently occurring on low-elevation ridges that are sensitive to atmospheric changes, may be at more risk than macroclimate or interpolated SDMs suggest.

publicDec 2022View details →

Data from: Microclimate-based species distribution models in complex terrain indicate widespread cryptic refugia under climate change

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