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46 results for “daily pattern”
Daily Activity and Nest Occupation Patterns of Fox Squirrels (Sciurus niger) Throughout the Year
<p>The daily distribution of activity has been studied in detail in ground squirrels in the field as well as in the laboratory, but studies of tree squirrels have been few and generally limited to the sampling of behavior of groups of animals. In this study, the authors investigated the general activity and nest occupation patterns of fox squirrels in a natural setting using temperature-sensitive data loggers that measure activity as changes in the microenvironment of the animal. Data were obtained from 25 distinct preparations, upon 13 unique squirrels, totaling 1385 recording days. Fox squirrels exhibited robust daily rhythmicity of locomotor activity, comparable to that of laboratory rats and gerbils. The animals were clearly diurnal, with a predominantly unimodal activity pattern, although individual squirrels occasionally exhibited bimodal patterns, particularly in the spring and summer. Even during the short days of winter (9 hours), the squirrels typically left the nest after dawn and returned before dusk, spending only about 7 hours out of the nest each day. Although the duration of the daily active phase did not change with the seasons, the squirrels exited the nest earlier in the day when the days became longer in the summer and exited the nest later in the day when the days became shorter in the winter, thus tracking dawn along the seasons. During the few hours each day spent outside the nest, fox squirrels seemed to spend most of the time sitting or lying. These findings suggest that fox squirrels may have adopted a slow life history strategy.</p>
Fig. 4 in Daily and seasonal activity patterns of a felid assemblage in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Brazil
Fig. 4. Overlap of daily activities between the pairs of the four felid species found in the Papagaios-de-Altitude Private Protected Area in Urupema, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The area colored in gray indicates the overlapping of daily activity in each species pair. The parallel lines in each graph indicate the mean time of sunrise (yellow) and sunset (blue) in the study region. Below each graph is the coefficient of overlap for each pair of species, and the confidence interval.
Fig. 3 in Daily and seasonal activity patterns of a felid assemblage in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Brazil
Fig. 3. Circular histograms with distribution and frequency of the seasonal activity of Leopardus guttulus, L. pardalis, L. wiedii and Puma concolor in Papagaios-de-Altitude Private Protected Area, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The arrows on each graph indicate the direction of the mean angle (µ). Each graph also exhibits the values of P and mean vector length (r).
Fig. 2 in Daily and seasonal activity patterns of a felid assemblage in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Brazil
Fig. 2. Circular histograms with distribution and frequency of daily activity of Leopardus guttulus, L. pardalis, L. wiedii and Puma concolor in Papagaiosde-Altitude Private Protected Area, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The black arrows on each graph indicate the direction of the mean angle (µ). Each graph also exhibits the values of P and mean vector length (r).
Fig. 1 in Daily and seasonal activity patterns of a felid assemblage in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Brazil
Fig. 1. Study area: Papagaios-de-Altitude Private Protected Area in Urupema, Santa Catarina, Brazil. On the top-right panel, colors indicate the type of soil-use in the area and its limits. The black dots in the map indicate the location of the camera traps.
Fig. 3 in Daily activity patterns and occurrence of Leopardus guttulus (Carnivora, Felidae) in Lami Biological Reserve, southern Brazil
Fig. 3. Temporal overlap of Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872) activity during the different seasons: autumn/winter and spring/summer; the gray area represents the overlap between the activity observed in the two periods of the year and the vertical lines represent sunrise and sunset in each period (autumn/winter: 06h 45min sunrise and 18h 05min sunset; spring/summer: 06h 08min sunrise and 19h 33min sunset).
Fig. 4 in Daily activity patterns and occurrence of Leopardus guttulus (Carnivora, Felidae) in Lami Biological Reserve, southern Brazil
Fig. 4. Circular graph showing the distribution of Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872) records in BRLJL, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, throughout the 12 months sampled. The black lines represent the concentration of records.
Fig. 2 in Daily activity patterns and occurrence of Leopardus guttulus (Carnivora, Felidae) in Lami Biological Reserve, southern Brazil
Fig. 2. Circular graphs showing the daily activity of Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872) at the BRLJL, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on all records obtained for the species (n=25, all seasons), on records obtained during spring/summer (n=15), and on records from autumn/winter (n=10). The arrow on each circular graphs indicates the direction of the angular mean.
Fig. 1 in Daily activity patterns and occurrence of Leopardus guttulus (Carnivora, Felidae) in Lami Biological Reserve, southern Brazil
Fig. 1. Location of the study area in South America and the State of Rio Grande do Sul (left panel), with the indication of the geographic range of Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872) (grey area) in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina (above), and the Biological Reserve Lami JosÉ Lutzenberger – BRLJL in the municipality of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (below). On the right panel, a detailed map of the study area showing the limits of the BRLJL (black line), the vegetation types occurring in the area, the grid sQuares of 1 x 1 km (grey lines) designed to delimitate the zones where sampling stations (camera stations) were installed (black triangles).
No relationship between chronotype and timing of breeding when variation in daily activity patterns across the breeding season is taken into account
<p>There is increasing evidence that individuals are consistent in the timing of their daily activities, and that individual variation in temporal behaviour is related to the timing of reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether observed patterns relate to the timing of the onset of activity or whether an early onset of activity extends the time that is available for foraging. This may then again facilitate reproduction. Furthermore, the timing of activity onset and offset may vary across the breeding season, which may complicate studying the above mentioned relationships. Here, we examined in a wild population of great tits (Parus major) whether an early clutch initiation date may be related to an early onset of activity and/or to longer active daylengths. We also investigated how these parameters are affected by the date of measurement. In order to test these hypotheses we measured emergence and entry time from/into the nest box as proxies for activity onset and offset in females during the egg laying phase. We then determined active daylength. Both emergence time and active daylength were related to clutch initiation date. However, a more detailed analysis showed that the timing of activities with respect to sunrise and sunset varied throughout the breeding season both within and among individuals. The observed positive relationships are hence potentially statistical artifacts. After methodologically correcting for this date effect, by using data from the pre-egg laying phase, where all individuals were measured on the same days, neither of the relationships remained significant. Taking methodological pitfalls and temporal variation into account may hence be crucial for understanding the significance of chronotypes.</p>
Figure 1 in Food habits and daily activity patterns of the North African ocellated lizard Timon pater from northeastern Algeria
Figure 1. Mean monthly temperature (°C, bars) and rainfall (mm, line) at the study area in north-eastern Algeria.
Figure 3 in Food habits and daily activity patterns of the North African ocellated lizard Timon pater from northeastern Algeria
Figure 3. Daily activity patterns of Timon pater at the study area, expressed as the mean number of individuals seen at each daytime interval along several independent 1000-m-long transects.
Figure 2 in Food habits and daily activity patterns of the North African ocellated lizard Timon pater from northeastern Algeria
Figure 2. Monthly variation in the number of faecal pellets collected (A) (total sample, n5164) and in the mean volume of each pellet (B) (total sample, n5139) of Timon pater at the study area.
No relationship between chronotype and timing of breeding when variation in daily activity patterns across the breeding season is taken into account
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Daily ranging and den usage patterns structure fission-fusion dynamics and social associations in spotted hyenas
<p>Environment structure often shapes social interactions. Spatial attractors that draw multiple individuals may play a particularly important role in dispersed groups, where individuals must first encounter one another to interact. We use GPS data recorded simultaneously from five spotted hyenas (<i>Crocuta crocuta</i>) within a single clan to investigate how communal dens and daily ranging patterns shape fission-fusion dynamics (subgroup splits and merges). We introduce a species-general framework for identifying and characterizing dyadic fission-fusion events and describe a taxonomy of ten possible configurations of these events. Applying this framework to the hyena data illuminates the spatiotemporal structure of social interactions within hyenas' daily routines. The most common types of fission-fusion events involve close approaches between individuals, do not involve co-travel together, and occur at the communal den. Comparison to permutation-based reference models suggests that den usage structures broad-scale patterns of social encounters, but that other factors influence how those encounters unfold. We discuss the dual role of communal dens in hyenas as physical and social resources, and suggest that dens are an example of a general "social piggybacking" process whereby environmental attractors take on social importance as reliable places to encounter conspecifics, causing social and spatial processes to become fundamentally intertwined.</p>
Data from: Long-term capture data uncover shifts in the daily activity patterns of Amazonian birds
<p>Although the duration of biological rhythms varies from milliseconds to decades, daily cycles are especially widespread for individual organisms. These circadian rhythms are synchronized by light-dark cycles, which govern predictable changes in other microclimate variables. Despite the fixed, regular nature of these abiotic cycles at low latitudes, little is known about how different animals structure activity along these gradients. We used 25 years of capture-recapture data and ~25,000 unique captures to characterize 'activity' (time of capture) for 65 species of Amazonian birds in the lowest forest stratum (0–2.5 m). To quantify vertical niche breadths, we also measured foraging heights for these same species in the field. Activity peaked within the first two hours after sunrise for most species (71%), while others peaked 1–3 hours later (29%). This difference was associated with an apparent preference for specific vertical strata, as terrestrial and near-ground birds peaked ~1 hour after sunrise, while birds from higher strata delayed their first bouts of activity in the lower understory (by an average of 40 to 100 minutes). Peak capture times also correlated with long-term abundance trends, as only species with the earliest capture times showed strong declines, suggesting that associations with mid- or late-morning microclimates may contribute to resiliency in birds typical of higher strata. Because arboreal species largely avoid the lower understory in the early morning, when terrestrial birds are active, we infer that they are poorly adapted to low-light environments. However, with their broad vertical niches and reliance on brighter microhabitats, we suggest that an arboreal lifestyle diminishes specialization and may increase the capacity to cope with a wider range of daily microclimate conditions. We predict that subtle, but important, shifts in daily activity patterns would materialize if other biodiversity-monitoring programs could analyze similar temporal datasets.</p>
Daily ranging and den usage patterns structure fission-fusion dynamics and social associations in spotted hyenas
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Data from: Seasonality in daily movement patterns of mandrills revealed by combining direct tracking and camera traps
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Data from: Long-term capture data uncover shifts in the daily activity patterns of Amazonian birds
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Data from: Daily foraging patterns in free-living birds: exploring the predation-starvation trade-off
Daily patterns in the foraging behaviour of birds are assumed to balance the counteracting risks of predation and starvation. Predation risks are a function of the influence of weight on flight performance and foraging behaviours that may expose individuals to predators. Although recent research sheds light on daily patterns in weight gain, little data exist on daily foraging routines in free-living birds. In order to test the predictions of various hypotheses about daily patterns of foraging, we quantified the activity of four species of passerines in winter using radio frequency identification receivers built into supplemental feeding stations. From records of 472,368 feeder visits by tagged birds, we found that birds generally started to feed before sunrise and continued to forage at a steady to increasing rate throughout the day. Foraging in most species terminated well before sunset, suggesting their desired level of energy reserves was being reached before the end of the day. These results support the risk-spreading theorem over a long-standing hypothesis predicting bimodality in foraging behaviour purportedly driven by a tradeoff between the risks of starvation and predation. Given the increased energetic demands experienced by birds during colder weather, our results suggest that birds' perceptions of risk are biased towards starvation avoidance in winter.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.