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36 results for “dead wood”
Data from: Choosy beetles: how host trees and southern boreal forest naturalness may determine dead wood beetle communities
<p>See methods section of paper for detailed information on dataset and sources; briefly, these .csv files includes numbers of each beetle species captured at all sites used in the project, as well as information about each site and about each species.</p> <p> </p> <p>Data from:</p> <p><strong>Choosy beetles: how host trees and southern boreal forest naturalness may determine dead wood beetle communitie</strong><strong>s</strong></p> <p>Ryan C. Burner, Tone Birkemoe, Jörg G. Stephan, Lukas Drag, Jörg Muller, Otso Ovakainen, Mária Potterf, Olav Skarpaas, Tord Snall, Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson</p> <p>Forest Ecology and Management, 2021</p> <p> </p> <p>From abstract of paper:</p> <p>Wood-living beetles make up a large proportion of forest biodiversity, and contribute to important ecosystem services, including decomposition. Beetle communities in managed southern boreal forests are less species rich than in natural and near-natural forest stands. In addition, many beetle species rely primarily on specific tree species. Yet, the associations between individual beetle species, forest management category, and tree species are seldom quantified, even for red-listed beetles. We compiled a beetle capture dataset from flight intercept traps placed in Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>), oak (<em>Quercus sp.</em>), and Eurasian aspen (<em>Populus tremulae</em>) trees in 413 sites in mature managed forest, near-natural forest, and clear-cuts in southeastern Norway. We used joint species distribution models to estimate the strength of associations for 368 saproxylic beetle species (including 20 vulnerable, endangered, or critical red-listed species) for each forest management category and tree species. Tree species on which traps were mounted had the largest effect on beetle communities; oaks had the most highly associated beetle species, including most of the red-listed species, followed by Norway spruce and Eurasian aspen. Most beetle species were more likely to be captured in near-natural than in mature managed forest. Our estimated associations were compatible – for many species – with categorical classifications found in several existing databases of saproxylic beetle preferences. These quantitative beetle-habitat associations will improve future analyses that have typically relied on categorical classifications. Our results highlight the need to prioritize conservation of near-natural forests and oak trees in Scandinavia to protect the habitat of many red-listed species in particular. Furthermore, we underline the importance of carefully considering the species of trees on which traps are mounted in order to representatively sample beetle communities in forest stands.</p>
Fig. 2 in Dead wood modifies mobility of ground beetles
Fig. 2. The average amount of time spent by carabids inside the fenced plots with dead wood (DW) and inside the fenced control plots (C)
Fig. 4 in Dead wood modifies mobility of ground beetles
Fig. 4. The catch rate of unmarked individuals of P. oblongopunctatus inside fenced the DW and C plots
Fig. 1 in Dead wood modifies mobility of ground beetles
Fig. 1. The four zones on the ground beetle elytra where respective numbers were incised (drawing by J. Skłodowski)
Data from: Environmental conditions alter successional trajectories on an ephemeral resource: a field experiment with beetles in dead wood
<p>Successional processes can be observed for many organisms and resources, but most studies of succession have focused on plants. A general framework has been proposed, advocating that successional patterns in species turnover are predominantly driven by competition, dispersal or abiotic limitation, and that the patterning of species accumulation over time gives clues to which process is most influential in a given system. We applied this framework to succession in communities of wood-living beetles, utilizing ephemeral resources in the form of 60 experimentally created dead aspen high stumps. High stumps were created at sun-exposed sites (high ambient temperature; favorable abiotic conditions) and shaded sites (low ambient temperature; abiotically limiting conditions). The sites were intermixed, ensuring similar dispersal opportunities. Beetle species richness and abundance were monitored with flight interception traps over four consecutive years. Consistent with predictions from the tested framework, several beetle functional groups accumulated species more slowly at the unfavorable shaded sites than at the favorable exposed sites. Species richness at the exposed sites increased rapidly to a plateau, consistent with a limiting effect of competition on community development. Similar results were obtained for beetle abundance and community structure. Part of the variance in beetle community structure was jointly explained by habitat and fungal community composition, suggesting that differences in the composition and developmental rate of fungal communities in the two habitats contributed to the observed patterns. Targeted experimental studies are now required to decisively establish what processes underlie the contrasting successional trajectories in the two environments.</p>
Fig. 3 in Dead wood modifies mobility of ground beetles
Fig. 3. The rate of marked individual recapture inside the fenced plots DW and C
Fungal OTUs during dead wood succession of aspen
<p class="MsoPlainText">During decomposition of organic matter, microbial communities may follow different successional trajectories depending on the initial environment and colonizers. The timing and order of the assembly history can lead to divergent communities through priority effects. We explored how assembly history and substrate quality affected fungal dead wood communities and decomposition, 1.5 and 4.5 years after tree felling. In addition, we investigated the effect of invertebrate exclusion during the first two summers. For aspen (<i>Populus tremula</i>) logs, we measured initial bark and wood resource quality, and surveyed the fungal communities by DNA metabarcoding at different time points during succession. We found that a gradient in fungal community composition was related to resource quality and we discuss how this may reflect tolerance-dominance trade-offs in fungal life history strategies. As with previous studies, the initial amount of bark tannins was negatively correlated with wood decomposition rate over 4.5 years. The latent fungal community explained variation in community composition after 1.5, but not after 4.5 years, of succession. Although the assembly history of latent fungi may cause alternate trajectories in successional communities, our results indicate that the communities may easily converge with the arrival of secondary colonizers. We also identified a strong invertebrate-induced priority effect of fungal communities, even after 4.5 years of succession, thereby adding crucial knowledge to the importance of invertebrates in affecting fungal community development. By measuring and manipulating aspects of assembly history and resource quality that have rarely been studied, we expand our understanding of the complexity of fungal community dynamics.</p>
Beetle diversity in dead wood is lower in non-native than native tree species, especially those more distantly related to native species
<p>1. Non-native tree species are widely used in forest plantations. This may have negative consequences for biodiversity. Hitherto, most studies have compared species diversity between native and non-native forest stands, which makes it difficult to separate the impact of tree species per se from stand characteristics. Our study, conducted in the south of Sweden, compares saproxylic beetle diversity across different nutritional groups, in dead wood of two native and four non-native tree species in a block design after one and three seasons. Such an approach allows analysis of the impact of non-native tree species per se.</p> <p>2. Mean species richness (±SD) per log was lower in non-native than in native tree species (non-native trees: lodgepole pine: 10.7 (± 5.3); Sitka spruce: 8.5 (± 4.3), Douglas fir: 7.1 (± 4.3), Japanese larch 9.4 (± 4.6); native trees: Norway spruce: 12.0 (± 6.0), Scots pine: 12.3 (± 5.2)). Sample-based rarefaction revealed that when only native tree species were pooled, the species richness was higher than for all tree species combined. The difference in species composition among tree species was strongly driven by bark and wood consumers in the first season, while for predators and fungivores, the differences were smaller. Species composition differed more after one season.</p> <p>3. Dissimilarity in beetle species composition was positively correlated with phylogenetic distances of the tree species. Species richness was lower in non-native tree species that are only remotely related to native trees species. Of the studied non-native tree species, lodgepole pine was more closely related to native tree species and consistently harboured higher species richness.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Although non-native tree species also harbour saproxylic beetle communities, the use of non-native tree species, especially those only remotely related to native tree species, reduces local diversity of saproxylic beetles. Thus, for biodiversity conservation, an extensive use of non-native tree species is not recommended as this increases the risk of losing forest biodiversity, especially when they are only distantly related to native tree species.</p>
Mangrove standing dead wood data for the Mikoko Pamoja project
<p>Mikoko Pamoja Project is a pioneering community-led mangrove conservation initiative through which income is earned from the sale of carbon credits. The Kenyan based project undertakes regular forest monitoring in compliance with the Plan Vivo standard which provides them accreditation to engage in the voluntary carbon market. This dataset was collected as part of the monitoring activity in 2020 using the measuring protocols by Kauffman and Donato (2012). Gazi mangrove forest has a zonation pattern typical to mangrove forests in Kenya. For a detailed description of the forest and the Project refer to the references provided.</p> <p>The data provides date, location details and measured forest variables.</p> <p><a href="http://www.aces-org.co.uk">www.aces-org.co.uk</a> </p> <p>GoK (2017). National Mangrove Ecosystem Management Plan. Kenya Forest Service, Nairobi, Kenya.</p> <p>Bosire, J. O., Lang’at, J. K. S., Kirui, B. Y. K., Kairo, J. G., Mugi, L. M., Hamza, A. J., et al. (2015). “Mangroves of Kenya,” in <em>Mangroves of the Western Indian Ocean: Status and Management</em>, eds. J. O. Bosire, M. M. Mangora, S. Bandeira, A. Rajkaran, R. Ratsimbazafy, C. Appadoo, et al. (Zanzibar Town: WIOMSA), 15–30.</p>
Mangrove standing dead wood for the Vanga Blue Forest project
<p>Vanga Blue Forest Project is a community-led mangrove conservation initiative through which income is earned from the sale of carbon credits. The Kenyan based project undertakes regular forest monitoring in compliance with the Plan Vivo standard which provides them accreditation to engage in the voluntary carbon market. This dataset was collected in a monitoring activity in 2021 using the measuring protocols by Kauffman and Donato (2012). The forest Vanga follows a zonation pattern typical to mangrove forests in Kenya. For a detailed description of the forest and the Project refer to the references provided.</p> <p>The data provides date, location details and measured forest variables.</p> <p><a href="http://www.aces-org.co.uk">www.aces-org.co.uk</a> </p> <p>GoK (2017). National Mangrove Ecosystem Management Plan. Kenya Forest Service, Nairobi, Kenya.</p> <p>Bosire, J. O., Lang’at, J. K. S., Kirui, B. Y. K., Kairo, J. G., Mugi, L. M., Hamza, A. J., et al. (2015). “Mangroves of Kenya,” in <em>Mangroves of the Western Indian Ocean: Status and Management</em>, eds. J. O. Bosire, M. M. Mangora, S. Bandeira, A. Rajkaran, R. Ratsimbazafy, C. Appadoo, et al. (Zanzibar Town: WIOMSA), 15–30.</p>
Dead wood in the forests of Northern Eurasian: field measurements database
<p>Dead wood plays a substantial role in forest ecosystem functioning. However, the amount and dynamics of dead wood in the forests of Northern Eurasia are poorly understood. Here we present a database of field measurements of dead wood, collected from published sources and aggregated data from the Russian national forest inventory. The structure of dead wood by its components includes snags, logs, stumps, and the dry branches of living trees The database is intended to be used to assess the dead wood volume and the amount of dead wood in carbon units as part of the carbon budget calculation of forests at different scales.</p> <p>The database is a supplementary material in the following journal paper.</p> <p>Shvidenko, A.; Mukhortova, L.; Kapitsa, E.; Kraxner, F.; See, L.; Pyzhev, A.; Gordeev, R.; Fedorov, S.; Korotkov, V.; Bartalev, S.; Schepaschenko D. A Modelling System for Dead Wood Assessment in the Forests of Northern Eurasia. Forests 2023, 14, 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14010045</p>
Suspended sections within downed dead wood are drier, have altered decomposer communities, and slower decomposition
<div class="page"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>The decomposition of dead wood plays a key role in forest carbon emissions. Most pieces of downed dead wood are partially suspended above the forest floor, but how this suspension affects decomposition rates is typically ignored and remains largely unexplored. Here we combine field observations and experimental manipulations to explore how partial suspension of downed wood (i.e., wood debris in contact with the ground) influences decomposer communities and patterns of decomposition in a lowland tropical forest. Experimental manipulations of wood sticks showed that small-scale suspension above the forest floor (ca. 5 cm) slowed decomposition and altered microbial community assembly, regardless of whether the suspended section was connected to a piece of downed wood. Across a 41-year chronosequence of dead trees, the average percent of wood volume suspended above the forest floor decreased during the initial 10 years post-death, but this trend reversed after 10 years, with the oldest logs being the forest floor had less moisture, fewer macrofungi, and more photosynthetic growth (e.g., moss, algae, etc.) than downed sections of the same bole. Surprisingly, wood density, termite presence, and mass-specific respiration did not differ with ground contact. Combined, these data suggest that suspension within downed wood reduces moisture content, influences decomposer community assembly, and contributes to the strong variability in decomposition rates. The strong effect of partial suspension within downed wood pieces heightens concerns about the accuracy and applicability of experiments and surveys focused on down dead wood, which are the foundation of our understanding of wood decomposition and associated carbon losses most suspended. Among downed woody pieces sampled in situ, sections suspended above the forest floor had less moisture, fewer macrofungi, and more photosynthetic growth (e.g., moss, algae, etc.) than downed sections of the same bole. Surprisingly, wood density, termite presence, and mass-specific respiration did not differ with ground contact. Combined, these data suggest that suspension within downed wood reduces moisture content, influences decomposer community assembly, and contributes to the strong variability in decomposition rates. </p> </div> </div> </div>
Oak wilt disease may reduce the initial decay rate of dead Quercus serrata stems by altering wood-inhabiting fungal communities
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Suspended sections within downed dead wood are drier, have altered decomposer communities, and slower decomposition
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Data from: Higher fungal diversity is correlated with lower CO2 emissions from dead wood in a natural forest
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Data from: Belowground community turnover accelerates the decomposition of standing dead wood
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Beetle diversity in dead wood is lower in non-native than native tree species, especially those more distantly related to native species
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Data from: Environmental conditions alter successional trajectories on an ephemeral resource: a field experiment with beetles in dead wood
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Fungal OTUs during dead wood succession of aspen
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Data from: The downed and dead wood inventory of forests in the United States
The quantity and condition of downed dead wood (DDW) is emerging as a major factor governing forest ecosystem processes such as carbon cycling, fire behavior, and tree regeneration. Despite this, systematic inventories of DDW are sparse if not absent across major forest biomes. The Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the United States (US) Forest Service has conducted an annual DDW inventory on all coterminous US forest land since 2002 (~1 plot per 38,850 ha), with a sample intensification occurring since 2012 (~1 plot per 19,425 ha). The data are organized according to DDW components and by sampling information which can all be linked to a multitude of auxiliary information in the national database. As the sampling of DDW is conducted using field efficient line-intersect approaches, several assumptions are adopted during population estimation that serve to identify critical knowledge gaps. The plot- and population-level DDW datasets and estimates provide the first insights into an understudied but critical ecosystem component of temperate forests of North America with global application.
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