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8 results for “dear enemy”
Raw data for: No reproductive benefits of dear enemy recognition in a territorial songbird
<p>Territorial animals often learn to distinguish their neighbors from unfamiliar conspecifics. This cognitive ability facilitates the dear enemy effect, where individuals respond less aggressively to neighbors than to other individuals, and is hypothesized to be adaptive by reducing unnecessary aggressive interactions with individuals that are not a threat to territory ownership. A key prediction of this hypothesis, that individuals with better ability to learn to recognize neighbors should have higher fitness, has never been tested. We used a series of song playbacks to measure the change in response of male great tits on their breeding territories to a simulated establishment of a neighbor on an adjacent territory. Males reduced their approach to the speaker and sang fewer songs on later repetitions of the playback trials, consistent with a dear enemy effect through habituation learning. However, not all males discriminated between the neighbor and stranger playbacks at the end of the series of trials, and there was evidence that individuals consistently differed from one another in performing this discrimination. We monitored nests and analyzed offspring paternity to determine male reproductive success. Unexpectedly, individuals that learned to recognize their neighbors did not have higher reproductive success, and in fact one measure, total offspring biomass, was lower for learners. Although the general capability to recognize neighbors is most likely adaptive, we speculate that individuals who decrease their responsiveness to familiar neighbors too quickly may be at a disadvantage, perhaps leading to selection for slower dear enemy recognition learning.</p>
Data for: Kinship, dear enemies, and costly combat: The effects of relatedness on territorial overlap and aggression in a cooperative breeder
<p>Many species maintain territories, but the degree of overlap between territories and the level of aggression displayed in territorial conflicts can vary widely, even within species. Greater territorial overlap may occur when neighbouring territory holders are close relatives. Animals may also differentiate neighbours from strangers, with more-familiar neighbours eliciting less-aggressive responses during territorial conflicts (the "dear enemy" effect). However, research is lacking on how both kinship and overlap affect territorial conflicts, especially in group-living species.</p> <p>Here we investigate kinship, territorial overlap, and territorial conflict in a habituated wild population of group-living cooperatively breeding birds, the southern pied babbler <em>Turdoides bicolor</em>. We find that close kin neighbours are beneficial. Territories overlap more when neighbouring groups are close kin, and these larger overlaps with kin confer larger territories (an effect not seen for overlaps with unrelated groups). Overall, territorial conflict is costly, causing significant decreases in body mass, but conflicts with kin are shorter than those conducted with non-kin. Conflicts with more-familiar unrelated neighbours are also shorter, indicating these neighbours are "dear enemies". However, kinship modulates the "dear enemy" effect; even when kin are encountered less frequently, kin elicit less-aggressive responses, similar to the "dear enemy" effect. </p> <p>Kin selection appears to be a main influence on territorial behaviour in this species. Groups derive kin-selected benefits from decreased conflicts and maintain larger territories when overlapping with kin, though not when overlapping with non-kin. More generally, it is possible that kinship extends the "dear enemy" effect in animal societies.</p>
Raw data for: No reproductive benefits of dear enemy recognition in a territorial songbird
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Data for: Kinship, dear enemies, and costly combat: The effects of relatedness on territorial overlap and aggression in a cooperative breeder
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Data from: Ecological and social drivers of neighbor recognition and the dear enemy effect in a poison frog
<p>Navigating social relationships frequently rests on the ability to recognize familiar individuals using phenotypic characteristics. Across diverse taxa, animals vary in their capacities for social recognition but the ecological and social sources of selection for recognition are often unclear. In a comparative study of two closely related species of poison frogs, we identified a species difference in social recognition of territory neighbors and investigated potential sources of selection underlying this difference. In response to acoustic playbacks, male golden rocket frogs (<i>Anomaloglossus beebei</i>) recognized the calls of neighbors and displayed a "dear enemy effect" by responding less aggressively to neighbors' calls than strangers' calls. In contrast, male Kai rocket frogs (<i>Anomaloglossus kaiei</i>) were equally aggressive to the calls of neighbors and strangers. This species difference in behavior is associated with key differences in reproductive ecology and characteristics of territories. Golden rocket frogs defend reproductive resources in the form of bromeliads, which is expected to create a threat asymmetry between neighbors and strangers favoring decreased aggression to neighbors. In contrast, Kai rocket frogs do not defend reproductive resources. Further, compared with Kai rocket frog territories, golden rocket frog territories occur at higher densities and are defended for longer periods of time, creating a more complex social environment with more opportunities for repeated but unnecessary aggression between neighbors, which should favor the ability to recognize and exhibit less aggression towards neighbors. These results suggest that differences in reproductive ecology can drive changes in social structure that select for social recognition.</p>
Stranger danger: A meta-analysis of the dear enemy hypothesis
<p>The dear enemy hypothesis predicts that territorial individuals will be less aggressive toward known neighbors than to strangers. This hypothesis has been well studied and there is a wealth of data demonstrating its prevelance among some taxa. However, a quantitative synthesis is needed to test the generality of the phenomenon, identify key mechanisms driving the behavior, and guide future research. Here we made a comprehensive collection of Dear Enemy data from 138 studies representing 105 species spread over eight taxonomic classes. The associated paper finds that Dear Enemy is a common phenomenon but drivers of this phenomenon are still understudied and current knowledge is unable to disentangle competing hypotheses of drivers of this behavior.</p>
Data from: Ecological and social drivers of neighbor recognition and the dear enemy effect in a poison frog
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Stranger danger: A meta-analysis of the dear enemy hypothesis
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.