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FIGURE 5 in Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883

FIGURE 5. Drawing of the variability of sclerites in Chrysogorgia tuberculata sp. nov. A: spindles from body wall; B: tentacular scales; C: coenenchymal scales from branches. Scale bars: A: 0.11 mm; B–C: 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 2. Deep-water Chrysogorgiidae from Brazil. A in Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883

FIGURE 2. Deep-water Chrysogorgiidae from Brazil. A: holotype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. (MNRJ 6016); B: holotype of Chrysogorgia tuberculata sp. nov. (MNRJ 8565); C: Chrysogorgia multiflora Deichmann, 1936 (MOUFPE-CNI 147); D: Paratype of Chrysogorgia upsilonia (MNRJ 6016); E: juvenile colony of Chrysogorgia fewkesi Verrill, 1883 (MNRJ 6703); F: adult colony of C. fewkesi (MOUFPE-CNI 148); G: Chrysogorgia elegans (MNRJ 6785); H: holotype of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566). Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883

FIGURE 8. Sclerites of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 8566, holotype). A, C: rods from polyp body wall and coenenchyme, respectively; B: tentacular scales; D: scales from polyp adaxial side; E, F: coenenchymal flattened scales with median waist. Scale bars: A–E: 0.19 mm; F: 0.70 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883

FIGURE 7. Drawing of the variability of sclerites of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. A: spindles from body wall; B: coenenchymal scales; C: tentacular scales. Scale bars: A: 0.05 mm; B–C: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883

FIGURE 4. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia tuberculata sp. nov. (MNRJ 8565). A: polyp view; B: spindles from body wall; C: coenenchymal scales from branches; D: scales from main stem; E: scales from tentacles. Scale bars: A: 1.0 mm; B: 0.11 mm; C–E: 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883

FIGURE 6. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia upsilonia sp. nov. (MNRJ 6016). A: polyp view; B: spindles from body wall; C: coenenchymal scales; D: tentacular scales. Scale bars: A: 1.0 mm; B: 0.05 mm; C–D: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 9 in Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883

FIGURE 9. General features in paratypes of Radicipes kopelatos sp. nov. (MNRJ 4361). A: a clockwise spiraled colony; B: detail of a polyp; C: root like calcareous holdfast. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883

FIGURE 3. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia fewkesi Verrill, 1883 (MOUFPE-CNI 201). A: spindles from body wall; B: tentacular spindles; C: coenenchymal scales; D: pinnular scale. Scale bars: A, B: 0.10 mm; C, D: 0.10 mm.

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TABLE 2 in Australia's deep-water octocoral fauna: historical account and checklist, distributions and regional affinities of recent collections

<p><b>TABLE 2.</b> Seven bathomes—ecologically meaningful depth zones <i>sensu</i> Last <i>et al.</i> (2005) sampled during the biodiversity surveys 1997–2008. The numbers and depth range of sampling stations where octocoral were collected are s hown separately.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Bathome</th><th>Bathome depth range (m)1)</th><th>Number of sampling stations</th><th></th><th>Min. sampling depth (m)</th><th>Max. sampling depth (m)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td></td><td>TOTAL</td><td>SP-Sample2)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Outer shelf</th><td>50–150</td><td>63</td><td>58</td><td>77</td><td>133</td></tr><tr><th>Shelf-break</th><td>150–250</td><td>17</td><td>16</td><td>150</td><td>249</td></tr><tr><th>Upper slope (shallow)</th><td>250–500</td><td>51</td><td>45</td><td>252</td><td>498</td></tr><tr><th>Upper slope (deep)</th><td>500–800</td><td>31</td><td>26</td><td>527</td><td>800</td></tr><tr><th>Mid-slope (shallow)</th><td>800–1100</td><td>61</td><td>56</td><td>825</td><td>1092</td></tr><tr><th>Mid-slope (deep)</th><td>1100–1500</td><td>69</td><td>56</td><td>1104</td><td>1500</td></tr><tr><th>Lower slope</th><td>>1500</td><td>44</td><td>34</td><td>1502</td><td>3950</td></tr></tbody></table><p>1) inclusive of upper limit</p><p>2) SP-Sample identifies the number of sampling stations from which octocorals were identified to species-level</p>

FIGURE 1 in Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883

FIGURE 1. Map of collection stations of Chrysogorgiidae in Brazil.

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TABLE 1 in Australia's deep-water octocoral fauna: historical account and checklist, distributions and regional affinities of recent collections

<p><b>TABLE 1.</b> Summary of the number of sampling stations and depth ranges of octocoral collections during 6 biodiversity surveys in four regions in offshore Australian waters; number of sampling stations are broken down by sampling gear type (see text for references of gear types and survey codes). The numbers and depth range of sampling stations where octocoral were collected are shown separately.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Survey region</th><th>North Tasman</th><th>South-eastern Australia</th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th>South-western Australia</th><th>North-western Australia</th><th>Overall</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Survey year</th><td>2003</td><td></td><td>1997</td><td></td><td>2007</td><td></td><td>2008</td><td></td><td>2005</td><td></td><td>2007</td><td></td><td>1997–2008</td></tr><tr><th>Survey Code</th><td>Tan0308</td><td></td><td>SS01/97</td><td></td><td>SS02/07</td><td></td><td>TT01/08</td><td></td><td>SS10/05</td><td></td><td>SS05/07</td><td></td><td>Grand Total</td></tr><tr><th>Depth range (m)</th><td>77–1927</td><td></td><td>670–1694</td><td>105–1255</td><td>729–3950</td><td>86–1092</td><td></td><td>78–1022</td><td></td><td>77–3950</td></tr><tr><th>Number of sampling stations</th><td>Total</td><td>SP-Sample1)</td><td>Total</td><td>SP-Sample1)</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>SP-Sample1)</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>SP-Sample1)</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>SP-Sample1)</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>SP-Sample1)</td><td>TOTAL</td><td>SP-Sample1)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>57</td><td>47</td><td>28</td><td>27</td><td>46</td><td>45</td><td>77</td><td>57</td><td>74</td><td>64</td><td>54</td><td>51</td><td>336</td><td>291</td></tr><tr><th>Beam trawl</th><td>13</td><td>10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>37</td><td>30</td><td>33</td><td>30</td><td>83</td><td>72</td></tr><tr><th>CSIRO Sherman sled</th><td>16</td><td>13</td><td>27</td><td>26</td><td>46</td><td>45</td><td></td><td></td><td>37</td><td>32</td><td>12</td><td>12</td><td>138</td><td>128</td></tr><tr><th>NIWA sled</th><td>2</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Rock dredge</th><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th>Commercial fish trawl</th><td>15</td><td>13</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>24</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><th>Ratcatcher trawl</th><td>10</td><td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>10</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><th>Dropline</th><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>ROV <i>Jason</i></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>76</td><td>56</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>76</td><td>56</td></tr></tbody></table><p>1) SP-Sample identifies the number of sampling stations from which octocorals were identified to species-level</p>

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TABLE 3 in Australia's deep-water octocoral fauna: historical account and checklist, distributions and regional affinities of recent collections

<p><b>TABLE 3.</b> Octocoral genera sampled in>5% of the 320 sampling stations, showing the number of sampling stations at which they were collected in total and by survey region and the depth range of the collections.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Number of sampling stations</th><th>min. depth (m)</th><th>max. depth (m)</th><th>N Tasman</th><th>SE Australia</th><th>SW Australia</th><th>NW Australia</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Acanthogorgia</i></th><td>35</td><td>81</td><td>1150</td><td>7</td><td>13</td><td>6</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><th><i>Anthomastus</i></th><td>41</td><td>230</td><td>1694</td><td>2</td><td>33</td><td>4</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th><i>Anthothela</i></th><td>26</td><td>181</td><td>1525</td><td></td><td>19</td><td>6</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Chironephthya</i></th><td>24</td><td>78</td><td>751</td><td>4</td><td></td><td>4</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><th><i>Chrysogorgia</i></th><td>66</td><td>124</td><td>2395</td><td>6</td><td>47</td><td>5</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><th><i>Corallium</i></th><td>19</td><td>311</td><td>2173</td><td>1</td><td>16</td><td>2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dendronephthya</i></th><td>43</td><td>77</td><td>1081</td><td>3</td><td></td><td>11</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><th><i>Keratoisis</i></th><td>32</td><td>257</td><td>2898</td><td>8</td><td>24</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Lepidisis</i></th><td>38</td><td>330</td><td>3950</td><td>15</td><td>21</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Narella</i></th><td>37</td><td>440</td><td>2559</td><td>3</td><td>30</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pennatula</i></th><td>20</td><td>95</td><td>1273</td><td>12</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>7</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pleurogorgia</i></th><td>20</td><td>915</td><td>1525</td><td></td><td>20</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Primnoisis</i></th><td>29</td><td>670</td><td>1511</td><td>1</td><td>28</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Thouarella</i></th><td>37</td><td>342</td><td>1375</td><td>5</td><td>32</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Tokoprymno</i></th><td>23</td><td>729</td><td>1694</td><td></td><td>23</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Figure 9 from: Cairns SD (2018) Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 729: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779

Figure 9 - Polyps and sclerites of Narella ambigua from Alb-2818, USNM 44165. a opercular stereo view of a polyp b–d abaxial, lateral, and adaxial stereo views of a polyp, respectively e axial view (drawing) of a whorl showing polychaete tube f basal scales g medial scale h buccal scales i opercular scales j adaxial buccal scales k coenenchymal scales.

Figure 8 from: Cairns SD (2018) Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 729: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779

Figure 8 - Polyps and sclerites of Calyptrophora reedi from the holotype, USNM 1409027. a lateral stereo view of two whorls b adaxial stereo view of a polyp c buccal stereo view of a polyp d stereo view of inner face of a basal scale e basal scale f ridged inner spine of basal scale g articulating ridge and spines of a basal scale h buccal scales i abaxial fusion of buccal scales j six opercular scales k two infrabasal scales l two coenenchymal scales.

Figure 5 from: Cairns SD (2018) Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 729: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779

Figure 5 - Polyps and sclerites of Callogorgia galapagensis from the holotype, JSL-I-1933, USNM 1161744. a apical stereo view of polyp whorl b–d abaxial, adaxial, and lateral stereo views of a polyp, respectively e opercular scales f abaxial body wall scales g inner lateral body wall scale h outer lateral body wall scales i adaxial body wall scales j infrabasal scales k coenenchymal scales.

Figure 7 from: Cairns SD (2018) Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 729: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779

Figure 7 - Polyps and sclerites of Calyptrophora agassizii from the holotype, Alb-3404 , MCZ 4815. a lateral stereo view of a polyp b–c adaxial stereo views of a polyp d basal scales e articulating ridge of inner basal scale f longitudinal ridging on a basal spine g two buccal scales h opercular scales i infrabasal scales j coenenchymal scales.

Figure 16 from: Cairns SD (2018) Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 729: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779

Figure 16 - Polyps and sclerites of Isidella tenuis, holotype, JSL-I-1929, USNM 89382, a lateral stereo view of two polyps b cross section of internode showing hollow core c stereo view of ridged ornamentation of body wall needles d upper body wall needles e enlargement of upper body wall needle f lower body wall needles g two coenenchymal scales h tentacular platelets i basal body wall needles j pharyngeal rodlets.

Figure 12 from: Cairns SD (2018) Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 729: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779

Figure 12 - Polyps and sclerites of Parastenella pomponiae from the holotype, JSL-I-1922, USNM 1410289, a stereo view of paired polyps b lateral stereo view of a polyp c opercular stereo view of a polyp showing nematocyst pads d body wall scales e fluted marginal scales f opercular scales g coenenchymal scales.

Figure 6 from: Cairns SD (2018) Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 729: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779

Figure 6 - Polyps and sclerites of Callogorgia kinoshitai (a Alb-4357, USNM 30084 b–j Alb-3406, USNM 50960) a–b lateral stereo views of polyp whorls c lateral stereo view of a polyp d adaxial stereo view of a polyp e opercular scales f view of outer lateral scales, in situ g marginal scales h abaxial body wall scales i infrabasal scales j coenenchymal scales, in situ.

Figure 11 from: Cairns SD (2018) Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 729: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779

Figure 11 - Polyps and sclerites of Plumarella abietina (a holotype, Alb-3399, MCZ 4802 b–h Alb-2818, USNM 49605) a–d abaxial, lateral, abaxial, and opercular stereo views of a polyp e body wall scales f opercular scales g adaxial scale h coenenchymal scales.