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6 results for “degree of specialization”
Figure 3 in Degrees of specialism in butterflies: a method for defining levels of specialism and an evaluation of South African species
Figure 3 – Number of South African butterfly species by ESI category.
Data from: The preference-performance relationship as a means of classifying parasitoids according to their specialization degree
Host range in parasitoids could be described by the preference-performance hypothesis (PPH) where preference is defined as host acceptance and performance is defined as the sum of all species on which parasitoid offspring can complete their life cycle. The PPH predicts that highly suitable hosts will be preferred by ovipositing females. However, generalist parasitoids may not conform to this hypothesis if they attack a large range of hosts of varying suitability. Under laboratory conditions, we tested the PPH relationship of three aphid parasitoids currently considered as generalist species (Aphelinus abdominalis, Aphidius ervi, Diaeretiella rapae). As expected, the three parasitoids species showed low selectivity i.e. females stung all aphid species encountered (at least in some extent). However, depending on the parasitoid species, only 42-58% of aphid species enabled producing parasitoid offspring. We did not find a correlation between the extent of preference and the performance of three generalist aphid parasitoids. For A. ervi, host phylogeny is also important as females showed higher attack and developmental rates on hosts closely related to the most suitable one. In addition, traits such as (i) the presence of protective secondary endosymbionts, e.g., Hamiltonella defensa detected in Aphis fabae and Metopolophium dirhodum, and (ii) the sequestration of plant toxins as defense mechanism against parasitism e.g., in Aphis nerii and Brevicoryne brassicae, were likely at play to some extent in narrowing parasitoid host range. The lack of PPH relationship involved a low selectivity leading to a high adaptability, as well as selection pressure; the combination of which enabled the production of offspring in a new host species or a new environment. Testing for PPH relationships in parasitoids may provide useful cues to classify parasitoids in terms of specialization degree.
Data from: The preference-performance relationship as a means of classifying parasitoids according to their specialization degree
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Data from: Degree of specialization is related to body size in herbivorous insects: a phylogenetic confirmation
Numerous studies have suggested a general relationship between the degree of host specialization and body size in herbivorous animals. In insects, smaller species are usually shown to be more specialized than larger-bodied ones. Various hypotheses have attempted to explain this pattern but rigorous proof of the body size-diet breadth relationship has been lacking, primarily because the scarceness of reliable phylogenetic information has precluded formal comparative analyses. Explicitly using phylogenetic information for a group of herbivores (geometrid moths) and their host plant range, we perform a comparative analysis to study the body size-diet breadth relationship. Considering several alternative measures of body size and diet breadth, our results convincingly demonstrate without previous methodological issues – a first for any taxon – a positive association between these traits, which has implications for evaluating various central aspects of the evolutionary ecology of herbivorous insects. We additionally demonstrate how the methods used in this study can be applied in assessing hypotheses to explain the body size-diet breadth relationship. By analyzing the relationship in tree-feeders alone and finding that the positive relationship remains, the result suggests that the body size-diet breadth relationship is not solely driven by the type of host plant that species feed on.
Data from: Degree of specialization is related to body size in herbivorous insects: a phylogenetic confirmation
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IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) 1x1 Degree Gridded Emissions Dataset
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) 1x1 Degree Gridded Emissions Dataset consists of global gridded emissions for greenhouse gases (GHGs) projected every 10 years beginning in 1990 through 2100. The grids are produced for reactive gases Methane (CH4), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), and Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC), along with Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), based on the IPCC SRES Emissions Scenarios Data Set Version 1.1. This data set is produced by the IPCC and is distributed by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.