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33 results for “demographic analysis”
Healthcare Expenditure and Demographic Trends: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Countries (2000-2024)
<p><strong><em><span>This research journal investigates the interplay between healthcare expenditure, life expectancy, and demographic characteristics across selected countries from 2000 to 2024. Utilizing quantitative analysis, the study examines healthcare spending as a percentage of GDP, average life expectancy, and the age distribution of populations. For instance, the USA's healthcare expenditure is projected to reach 19.2% of GDP by 2024, with an average life expectancy of 81.9 years. In contrast, Bangladesh's healthcare expenditure is anticipated to be 7.0% of GDP, with a life expectancy of 70.0 years. The findings reveal critical insights regarding the effectiveness and sustainability of healthcare systems, emphasizing the need for policy interventions that prioritize healthcare funding, especially in aging populations where the percentage of individuals aged 65 and older is expected to rise significantly—projected at 16.0% for the USA and 7.0% for Bangladesh in 2024</span></em></strong><strong><span>.</span></strong><strong><span> </span></strong></p>
Joint analysis of microsatellites and flanking sequences enlightens complex demographic history of interspecific gene flow and vicariance in rear-edge oak populations
<p><span>Inference of recent population divergence requires fast evolving markers and necessitates to differentiate shared genetic variation caused by ancestral polymorphism and gene flow. Theoretical research shows that the use of compound marker systems integrating linked polymorphisms with different mutational dynamics, such as a microsatellite and its flanking sequences, can improve estimation of population structure and inference of demographic history, especially in the case of complex population dynamics. However, empirical application in natural populations has so far been limited by lack of suitable methods for data collection. A solution comes from the development of sequence-based microsatellite genotyping which we used to study molecular variation at 36 sequenced nuclear microsatellites in seven <em>Quercus canariensis</em> and four <em>Q. faginea</em> rear-edge populations across Algeria. We aim to decipher their taxonomic relationship, past evolutionary history and recent demographic trajectory. First, we compare the estimation of population genetics parameters and simulation-based inference of demographic history from microsatellite sequence alone, flanking sequence alone or the combination of linked microsatellite and flanking sequence variation. Second, we apply random forest approximate Bayesian computation to identify which of these sequence types is most informative. Whereas analysing microsatellite variation alone indicates recent interspecific gene flow, additional information gained by integrating nucleotide variation in flanking sequences, by reducing homoplasy, suggests ancient interspecific gene flow followed by drift in isolation instead. The weight of each polymorphism in the inference also demonstrates the value of linked variations with contrasted mutation dynamic to improve estimation of both demographic and mutational parameters.</span></p>
Figure 2 in Application of demographic analysis for assessing effects of pesticides on the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Figure 2. Age specific survival rate (lx), fecundity (mx), maternity (lxmx) and age-stage specific fecundity (fxj) of offspring from Phytoseiulus persimilis females treated with LC25 of three pesticides compared with untreated females.
Figure 1 in Application of demographic analysis for assessing effects of pesticides on the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Figure 1. Age-stage specific survival rate (sxj) of offspring from Phytoseiulus persimilis females treated with LC25 of three pesticides compared with untreated females.
Sample data for analysis of demographic potential of the 15-minute city in northern and southern France
<pre>This upload contains two Geopackage files of raw data used for urban analysis in the outskirts of Lille and Nice, France. <br>The data include building footprints (layer "building"), roads (layer "road"), and administrative boundaries (layer "adm_boundaries")<br>extracted from version 3.3 of the French dataset BD TOPO®3 (IGN, 2023) for the municipalities of Santes, Hallennes-lez-Haubourdin,<br>Haubourdin, and Emmerin in northern France (Geopackage "DPC_59.gpkg") and Drap, Cantaron and La Trinité in southern France <br>(Geopackage "DPC_06.gpkg").</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>Metadata for these layers is available here: https://geoservices.ign.fr/sites/default/files/2023-01/DC_BDTOPO_3-3.pdf</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>Additionally, this upload contains the results of the following algorithms available in GitHub (<a href="https://github.com/perezjoan/emc2-WP2?tab=readme-ov-file">https://github.com/perezjoan/emc2-WP2?tab=readme-ov-file</a>)</pre> <pre><code> </code></pre> <pre>1. The<code> </code>identification<code> </code>of<code> </code>main<code> </code>streets using the QGIS plugin Morpheo (layers "road_morpheo" and "buffer_morpheo") <br><a href="https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/morpheo/">https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/morpheo/</a> </pre> <pre><code>2. </code>The<code> </code>identification of main streets in local contexts – connectivity locally weighted<code> </code>(layer "road_LocRelCon")</pre> <pre><code>3. </code>Basic morphometry<code> </code>of<code> </code>buildings<code> </code>(layer "building_morpho")</pre> <pre><code>4. </code>Evaluation<code> </code>of<code> </code>the<code> </code>number<code> </code>of<code> </code>dwellings<code> </code>within<code> </code>inhabited<code> </code>buildings<code> </code>(layer "building_dwellings")</pre> <pre>5. Projecting<code> </code>population<code> </code>potential<code> </code>accessible from<code> </code>main<code> </code>streets<code> </code>(layer "road_pop_results")</pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>Project website: <a href="http://emc2-dut.org/">http://emc2-dut.org/</a></pre> <pre> </pre> <pre>Publications using this sample data: <br>Perez, J. and Fusco, G., 2024. Potential of the 15-Minute Peripheral City: Identifying Main Streets and Population Within Walking Distance. In: O. Gervasi, B. Murgante, C. Garau, D. Taniar, A.M.A.C. Rocha and M.N. Faginas Lago, eds. <em>Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2024 Workshops. ICCSA 2024</em>. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14817. Cham: Springer, pp.50-60. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65238-7_4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65238-7_4</a>.</pre> <p><strong>Acknowledgement.</strong> <a name="_Hlk162443883"></a>This work is part of the emc2 project, which received the grant ANR-23-DUTP-0003-01 from the French National Research Agency (ANR) within the DUT Partnership.</p>
Joint analysis of microsatellites and flanking sequences enlightens complex demographic history of interspecific gene flow and vicariance in rear-edge oak populations
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Date From: The myriad of complex demographic responses of terrestrial mammals to climate change and gaps of knowledge: A global analysis
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Demographic analysis of invasible habitat fraction identifies context-dependent roles of resource availability and biotic resistance in determining invasion success
<p>Theories of plant invasions predict that plant communities should be more easily invaded when resources increase and/or competition decreases. We tested this with an experimentally introduced plant population by manipulating precipitation and resident community biomass. We used a spatially-explicit demographic approach to develop a new population-level metric of invasibility that quantifies the invasible habitat fraction (IHF) across the landscape.</p> <p>The existing community was essentially uninvasible (median IHF ≈ 0%), but experimental manipulations greatly increased the range of outcomes, with maximum observed IHF values over 50%. However, changes in invasibility were often context-dependent, resulting in some outcomes that aligned with existing theory, and others that were not readily predicted. Moreover, variation in invasibility was often driven by specific sets of invader demographic vital rates.</p> <p>Removing competitors revealed the capacity for strong biotic resistance, but this interacted with precipitation such that little biotic resistance was detected under drought conditions. Adding precipitation typically had little positive effect on invasibility, and moderate drought relief led to relatively high invasibility. However, the latter was driven to a large extent by interactions with mammal herbivory that otherwise inhibited invasion in one year.</p> <p><i>Synthesis</i>. Our findings show that interactions between abiotic and biotic factors, as well as legacy effects, can strongly mediate invasibility. This study also highlights the importance of incorporating spatial heterogeneity into population-level assessments of invasion, as initial population declines do not necessarily indicate resistance to invasion.</p>
Silva, Harder et al. Detectability of runs of homozygosity is influenced by analysis parameters and population-specific demographic history Data
<p>Dataset used in the "Detectability of runs of homozygosity is influenced by analysis parameters and population-specific demographic history" paper by Silva, Harder et al.</p> <p>This dataset includes Fasta files for Simulated dataset and VCF files for both Empirical and Simulated datasets.</p>
Data for Apalachicola Bay oyster demographic analysis
<p>Processed data describing the number and lengths of oysters sampled from long-term fisheries independent sampling in Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Original (raw) data collected by Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.</p>
GIS output and layers for the physiologically based demographic modeling analysis of interacting olive and olive fly in Andalusia
<p>GIS output and layers for the physiologically based demographic modeling analysis of interacting olive and olive fly in Andalusia performed under the MED-GOLD project within the Horizon 2020 framework program of the European Union. This version includes the file eurocordex_HadGEM2_ES_RCA4_2071-2100_rcp8.5.zip that was inadvertently not included in previous versions.</p>
Demographic analysis of invasible habitat fraction identifies context-dependent roles of resource availability and biotic resistance in determining invasion success
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Demographic analysis for article Hurricane-induced demographic changes in a nonhuman primate population
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Major disturbance events can have large impacts on the demography and dynamics of animal populations. Hurricanes are one example of an extreme climatic event, predicted to increase in intensity due to climate change, and thus expected to be a considerable threat to population viability. However, <span><span>little is understood about the </span></span>underlying demographic mechanisms shaping population response following these extreme disturbances. Here, we analyze 45 years of the most comprehensive free-ranging nonhuman primate demographic dataset to determine the effects of major hurricanes on the variability and maintenance of long-term population fitness. For this, we use individual-level data to build matrix population models and perform perturbation analyses. Despite reductions in population growth rate mediated through reduced fertility, our study reveals a demographic buffering during hurricane years. As long as survival does not decrease, our study shows that hurricanes do not result in detrimental effects at the population level, demonstrating the unbalanced contribution of survival and fertility to population fitness in long-lived animal populations.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Effects of growth rate, size, and light availability on tree survival across life stages: a demographic analysis accounting for missing values and small sample sizes
Background: Plant survival is a key factor in forest dynamics and survival probabilities often vary across life stages. Studies specifically aimed at assessing tree survival are unusual and so data initially designed for other purposes often need to be used; such data are more likely to contain errors than data collected for this specific purpose. Results: We investigate the survival rates of ten tree species in a dataset designed to monitor growth rates. As some individuals were not included in the census at some time points we use capture-mark-recapture methods both to allow us to account for missing individuals, and to estimate relocation probabilities. Growth rates, size, and light availability were included as covariates in the model predicting survival rates. The study demonstrates that tree mortality is best described as constant between years and size-dependent at early life stages and size independent at later life stages for most species of UK hardwood. We have demonstrated that even with a twenty-year dataset it is possible to discern variability both between individuals and between species. Conclusions: Our work illustrates the potential utility of the method applied here for calculating plant population dynamics parameters in time replicated datasets with small sample sizes and missing individuals without any loss of sample size, and including explanatory covariates.
Data from: A genetic demographic analysis of Lake Malawi rock-dwelling cichlids using spatio-temporal sampling
We estimated the effective population sizes (Ne) and tested for short-term temporal demographic stability of populations of two Lake Malawi cichlids: Maylandia benetos, a micro-endemic, and Maylandia zebra, a widespread species found across the lake. We sampled a total of 351 individuals, genotyped them at 13 microsatellite loci and sequenced their mitochondrial D-loop to estimate genetic diversity, population structure, demographic history and effective population sizes. At the microsatellite loci, genetic diversity was high in all populations. Yet, genetic diversity was relatively low for the sequence data. Microsatellites yielded mean Ne estimates of 481 individuals (±99 SD) for M. benetos and between 597 (±106.3 SD) and 1524 (±483.9 SD) individuals for local populations of M. zebra. The microsatellite data indicated no deviations from mutation–drift equilibrium. Maylandia zebra was further found to be in migration–drift equilibrium. Temporal fluctuations in allele frequencies were limited across the sampling period for both species. Bayesian Skyline analyses suggested a recent expansion of M. zebra populations in line with lake-level fluctuations, whereas the demographic history of M. benetos could only be estimated for the very recent past. Divergence time estimates placed the origin of M. benetos within the last 100 ka after the refilling of the lake and suggested that it split off the sympatric M. zebra population. Overall, our data indicate that micro-endemics and populations in less favourable habitats have smaller Ne, indicating that drift may play an important role driving their divergence. Yet, despite small population sizes, high genetic variation can be maintained.
Data from: The complex effects of demographic history on the estimation of substitution rate: concatenated gene analysis results in no more than twofold overestimation
Our recent estimation of the divergence time and isolation of Death Valley pupfishes, including the iconic Devil's Hole pupfish (DHP), rewrote widespread assumptions about this group. These species were previously assumed to be relic populations isolated over millions of years; our genomic analyses indicated recent colonization of Devil's Hole within the past 105–830 years and frequent gene flow among Death Valley populations [1]. These results understandably attracted substantial attention given the iconic battle for conservation and intense management of DHP [2]; nonetheless, a young age for this species should not diminish its conservation value. Indeed, we argue that the unique natural history of this species makes it a prime candidate for exhibiting one of the fastest mutation rates observed in any vertebrate [3].
Data from: Genome-wide analysis reveals demographic and life history patterns associated with habitat modification in land-locked, deep-spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
<p>Human-mediated habitat fragmentation in freshwater ecosystems can negatively impact genetic diversity, demography and life history of native biota, while disrupting the behaviour of species that are dependent on spatial connectivity to complete their life cycles. In the Alouette River system (British Columbia, Canada), dam construction in 1928 impacted passage of anadromous sockeye salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>), with the last records of migrants occurring in the 1930's. Since that time, <i>O. nerka</i> persisted as a resident population in Alouette Reservoir until experimental water releases beginning in 2005 created conditions for migration; two years later, returning migrants were observed for the first time in ~70 years, raising important basic and applied questions regarding life history variation and population structure in this system. Here, we investigated the genetic distinctiveness and population history of Alouette Reservoir <i>O. nerka</i> using genome-wide SNP data (n=7,709 loci) collected for resident and migrant individuals, as well as for neighbouring anadromous sockeye salmon and resident kokanee populations within the Fraser River drainage (n=312 individuals). Bayesian clustering and principal components analyses based on neutral loci revealed five distinct clusters, largely associated with geography, and clearly demonstrated that Alouette Reservoir resident and migrant individuals are genetically distinct from other <i>O. nerka</i> populations in the Fraser River drainage. At a finer-level, there was no clear evidence for differentiation between Alouette Reservoir residents and migrants; although we detected eight high-confidence outlier loci, they all mapped to sex chromosomes suggesting that differences were likely due to uneven sex ratios rather than life history. Taken together, these data suggest that contemporary Alouette Reservoir <i>O. nerka</i> represents a landlocked sockeye salmon population, constituting the first reported instance of deep-water spawning behaviour associated with this life history form. This finding punctuates the need for re-assessment of conservation status and supports on-going fisheries management activities in Alouette Reservoir. </p>
Data analysis from: Demographic consequences of changing body size in a terrestrial salamander
<p>Changes in climate can alter individual body size, and the resulting shifts in reproduction and survival are expected to impact population dynamics and viability. However, appropriate methods to account for size-dependent demographic changes are needed, especially in understudied yet threatened groups such as amphibians. We investigated individual and population-level demographic effects of changes in body size for a terrestrial salamander using capture-mark-recapture data. For our analysis, we implemented an integral projection model parameterized with capture-recapture likelihood estimates from a Bayesian framework. Our study combines survival and growth data from a single dataset to quantify the influence of size on survival while including different sources of uncertainty around these parameters, demonstrating how selective forces can be studied in populations with limited data and incomplete recaptures. We found a strong dependency of the population growth rate on changes in individual size, mediated by potential changes in selection on mean body size and on maximum body size. Our approach of simultaneous parameter estimation can be extended across taxa to identify eco-evolutionary mechanisms acting on size-specific vital rates, and thus shaping population dynamics and viability.</p>
Data from: Genomic analysis of demographic history and ecological niche modeling in the endangered Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
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Data from: A genetic demographic analysis of Lake Malawi rock-dwelling cichlids using spatio-temporal sampling
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.