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24 results for “demographic parameters”
Data from: Density-dependence produces spurious relationships among demographic parameters in a harvested species
<p>1. Harvest of wild organisms is an important component of human culture, economy, and recreation, but can also put species at risk of extinction. Decisions that guide successful management actions therefore rely on the ability of researchers to link changes in demographic processes to the anthropogenic actions or environmental changes that underlie variation in demographic parameters. </p> <p>2. Ecologists often use population models or maximum sustained yield curves to estimate the impacts of harvest on wildlife and fish populations. Applications of these models usually focus exclusively on the impact of harvest and often fail to consider adequately other potential, often collinear, mechanistic drivers of the observed relationships between harvest and demographic rates. In this study, we used an integrated population model and long-term data (1973-2016) to examine the relationships among hunting and natural mortality, the number of hunters, habitat conditions, and population size of blue-winged teal (Spatula discors), an abundant North American dabbling duck with a relatively fast-paced life history strategy.</p> <p>3. Over the last two and a half decades of the study, teal abundance tripled, hunting mortality probability increased slightly (< 0.02), and natural mortality probability increased substantially (> 0.1) at greater population densities. We demonstrate strong density-dependent effects on natural mortality and fecundity as population density increased, indicative of compensatory harvest mortality and compensatory natality. Critically, an analysis that only assessed the relationship between survival and hunting mortality would spuriously indicate depensatory hunting mortality due to multicollinearity between abundance, natural mortality, and hunting mortality. </p> <p>4. Our findings demonstrate that models that only consider the direct effect of hunting on survival or natural mortality can fail to accurately assess the mechanistic impact of hunting on population dynamics due to multicollinearity among demographic drivers. This multicollinearity limits inference and may have strong impacts on applied management actions globally.</p>
Fig. 1 in Demographic And Morphometric Parameters Of The Yellow-Necked Mouse (Apodemus Flavicollis) In Late Autumn-Early Spring In Lithuania
Fig. 1. Dynamics of the age structure of A. flavicollis population in October–April 2004–2009. RESULTS
Figs 2-5 in Accessing camera trap survey feasibility for estimating Blastocerus dichotomus (Cetartiodactyla, Cervidae) demographic parameters
Figs 2-5. Individual discrimination of marsh deer males (Blastocerus dichotomus Illiger, 1815) using antler morphology: a spike-antlered male (2) and two different branched antlers (3 and 4). The arrows indicate the different horn tips. Marsh deer female accompanied by a fawn (5).
Fig. 1 in Accessing camera trap survey feasibility for estimating Blastocerus dichotomus (Cetartiodactyla, Cervidae) demographic parameters
Fig. 1. Map outlining the aerial and camera trap surveys conducted at the Jataí Ecological Station, state of SÃo Paulo, Brazil in order to obtain marsh deer demographic parameters.
Estimating demographic parameters for bearded seals, Erignathus barbatus, in Alaska using close-kin mark-recapture methods
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Data from: Density-dependence produces spurious relationships among demographic parameters in a harvested species
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WIld boar demographic parameters extracted from the literature
<p>This is the data extraction and description of parameters of WB population dynamics, including general drivers, population demography, mortality, reproduction, and spatial behaviour. The definition of the most relevant parameters that describe the wild boar (WB) population dynamics is essential to guide African swine fever (ASF) control policies. These parameters should be framed considering different contexts, such as geographic, ecological and management contexts, and gaps of data useful for the parameter definition should be identified. This information would allow better harmonized monitoring of WB populations and higher impact of ASF management actions, as well as better parametrizing population dynamics and epidemiological models, which is key to develop more efficient cost-benefit strategies.</p> <p>ENETwild is a project funded by EFSA, www.enetwild.com.</p> <p> </p>
Silva, Harder et al. Detectability of runs of homozygosity is influenced by analysis parameters and population-specific demographic history Data
<p>Dataset used in the "Detectability of runs of homozygosity is influenced by analysis parameters and population-specific demographic history" paper by Silva, Harder et al.</p> <p>This dataset includes Fasta files for Simulated dataset and VCF files for both Empirical and Simulated datasets.</p>
Predation, functional response and demographic parameters of Orius albidipennis (Hemiptera:Anthocoridae) on Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera:Aphididae): effect of host plant morphological attributes
<p>Plant attributes like leaf hairiness and trichome compactness diversely affect the biocontrol agents of phytophagous insect pests. In the current study, effect of physical plant features on life table characteristics and functional response of <em>Orius albidipennis </em>(Rueter) females feeding on <em>Schizaphis graminum </em>(Rondani) was investigated on two common wheat cultivars (Falat and Pishtaz) differing in leaf morphological features. The trichome density of wheat cultivars considerably influenced a broad spectrum of attributes related to the performance of <em>O. albidipennis</em>. The intrinsic rate of increase (<em>rm</em>) was significantly greater on Falat (0.09±0.006) than on Pishtaz (0.06±0.008) cultivar. Similarly, the net reproductive rate and finite rate of increase were greater on Falat (16.72±3.38 and 1.083±7.54) than on Pishtaz (8.08±2.04 and 1.067±9.49). Although <em>Orius </em>predators exhibited type III of functional response on both wheat cultivars, they had lesser searching efficiencies and higher handling times on Pishtaz than those on Falat cultivar. Moreover, the maximum attack rate (<em>T</em>/<em>Th</em>) was greater on Falat than on Pishtaz. Lesser maximum predation and greater handling time of the <em>Orius </em>predators on Pishtaz cultivar might be imputed to the significantly more condensed surface trichomes of its leaves than that of Falat leaves, which physically prevented movement of the <em>Orius </em>bugs and decreased prey encounter rate. Moreover, increase of trichome density negatively influenced on foraging behavior of the predatory bug. Females were also found to prefer wheat leaves with fewer trichomes as oviposition hosts. It seems that trichomes provided hinderance to the <em>orius </em>bug. To recapitulate, it could be stated that the efficiency of <em>O. albidipennis </em>in controlling <em>S. graminum </em>on wheat may be more beneficial in cultivars with lower trichome density.</p>
Temporal correlations among demographic parameters are ubiquitous but highly variable across species
<p><span>Temporal correlations among demographic parameters can strongly influence </span><span>population dynamics. Our empirical knowledge, however, is very limited regarding the direction and the magnitude of these correlations and how they vary among demographic parameters and species' life-histories</span><span>. Here, we</span><span> use long-term demographic data from 15 bird and mammal species with contrasting pace of life to quantify correlation patterns among five key demographic parameters: juvenile and adult survival, reproductive probability, reproductive success and productivity.</span><span> Correlations among demographic parameters were ubiquitous, more frequently positive than negative, but strongly differed across species. Correlations did not markedly change along the slow-fast continuum of life-histories, suggesting that they were more strongly driven by ecological than evolutionary factors. </span><span>As</span><span> positive temporal demographic correlations decrease the mean of the long-run population growth rate, the common practice of ignoring temporal correlations in population models could lead to the underestimation of extinction risks in most species.</span></p>
Effects of litter quality on foraging behaviour and demographic parameters in Folsomia candida (Collembola)
<p><span>Litter quality has long been associated with demographic parameters of Collembola populations. However, little is known about the capacity of Collembola to perceive and seek better litter quality. To address this gap, three complementary laboratory experiments were carried out with the Collembola <em>Folsomia candida</em>. First, populations were fed on three different types of leaf litters (<em>Quercus pubescens, Acer opalus </em>and<em> Prunus avium</em>) and a control (agar-agar-brewer's yeast mixture) for six weeks to assess their impacts on demography (reproduction rate and population size). Second, the body length of individuals differentially fed with the same four types of resources was measured to assess a functional trait that can potentially affect movement parameters such as prospected area or foraging speed. Third, <em>F. candida</em> isolated individuals were exposed to the same litter quality gradient and placed at increasing distances from the litter (from 1 to 5 cm). For ten minutes, their foraging behaviours were recorded which included their prospected area, foraging speed, perception distance and success in reaching the litter (foraging success). As expected, low-quality litter (i.e., <em>Q. pubescens</em>) contributed to low population growth compared to the control treatment and the high-quality litters (<em>P. avium </em>and<em> A. opalus</em>). In the third experiment, the probability of finding the resource was negatively correlated to the distance but was unrelated to the litter quality and the Collembola body length. When resource was perceived, F. candida was able to switch from non-directional to directional movements, with a large variability in the perception distance from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Taken together, our results indicate that litter quality plays a relevant role on Collembola demographic parameters once the population settles on litter patch, but not on foraging behaviour to select high-quality resources.<br></span></p>
Temporal correlations among demographic parameters are ubiquitous but highly variable across species
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Effects of litter quality on foraging behaviour and demographic parameters in Folsomia candida (Collembola)
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Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and clinical parameters
<p>Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and clinical parameters</p>
Data from: Accurately estimating correlations between demographic parameters: A comment on Deane et al. (2023)
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Data from: Using dynamic N-mixture models to test cavity limitation on northern flying squirrel demographic parameters using experimental nest box supplementation.
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Estimating correlations among demographic parameters in population models
<p>Estimating correlations among demographic parameters is critical to understanding population dynamics and life-history evolution, where correlations among parameters can inform our understanding of life-history trade-offs, result in effective applied conservation actions, and shed light on evolutionary ecology. The most common approaches rely on the multivariate normal distribution, and its conjugate inverse Wishart prior distribtion. However, the inverse Wishart prior for the covariance matrix of multivariate normal distributions has a strong influence on posterior distributions. As an alternative to the inverse Wishart distribution, we individually parameterize the covariance matrix of a multivariate normal distribution to accurately estimate variances (σ<sup>2</sup>) of, and process correlations (ρ) between, demographic parameters. We evaluate this approach using simulated capture-mark-recapture data. We then use this method to examine process correlations between adult and juvenile survival of black brent marked on the Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta, Alaska (1988-2014). Our parameterization consistently outperformed the conjugate inverse Wishart prior for simulated data, where the means of posterior distributions estimated using an inverse Wishart prior were substantially different from the values used to simulate the data. Brent adult and juvenile annual apparent survival rates were strongly positively correlated (ρ = 0.563, 95% CRI 0.181 − 0.823), suggesting that habitat conditions have significant effects on both adult and juvenile survival. We provide robust simulation tools, and our methods can readily be expanded for use in other capture-recapture or capture-recovery frameworks. Further, our work reveals limits on the utility of these approaches when study duration or sample sizes are small.</p>
Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and clinical parameters
<p>Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and clinical parameters</p>
Data from: Implications of survey effort on estimating demographic parameters of a long-lived marine top predator
Effective management of wildlife populations rely on knowledge of their abundance, survival and reproductive rates. Maintaining long-term studies capable of estimating demographic parameters for long-lived, slow reproducing species is challenging. Insights into effects of research intensity on the statistical power to estimate demographic parameters is limited. Here, we investigate implications of survey effort on estimating abundance, home range sizes and reproductive output of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), using a three-year sub-sample of a long-term, capture-recapture study off Bunbury, Western Australia. Photo-identification on individual dolphins were collected following Pollock's Robust Design, where seasons were defined as 'primary periods', each consisting of multiple 'secondary periods'. The full dataset consisted of 12 primary periods and 72 secondary periods, resulting in the study area being surveyed 24 times/year. We simulated reduced survey effort by randomly removing one, two or three secondary periods per primary period. Capture-recapture models were used to assess the effect of survey intensity on the power to detect trends in population abundance, while individual dolphin sighting histories were used to assess the ability to conduct home range analyses. We used sighting records of adult females and their calving histories to assess survey effort on quantifying reproductive output. A 50% reduction in survey effort resulted in: i) up to a 36% decline in population abundance at the time of detection; ii) a reduced ability to estimate home range sizes, by increasing the time for individuals to be sighted on >30 occasions (an often-used metric for home range analyses) from 7.74 to 15.46 years; and iii) 33%, 24% and 33% of annual calving events going undocumented in their year of birth. Results clearly illustrate the importance of survey effort on the ability to assess demographic parameters with clear implications for population viability analyses, population forecasting and conservation efforts to manage human-wildlife interactions.
Data from: Implications of survey effort on estimating demographic parameters of a long-lived marine top predator
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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