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22 results for “density limitation”
Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE) - stomatal density and length 2021-2022
Stomatal density and length were measured on leaves of sugar maple (Acer sacharrum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton.) trees in New Hampshire at the Bartlett Experimental Forest, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, and Jeffers Brook as part of the Multiple Elementation Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE) study. Leaves were collected in late July and early August in 2021 and 2022 from the tops of dominant and codominant trees using a shotgun. These measurements were made on 3 leaves from each tree. These data correspond with other foliar trait data collected from the same trees in 2021 and 2022. That EDI package is as follows: Hong, S.D., K.E. Gonzales, C.R. See, and R.D. Yanai. 2021. MELNHE: Foliar Chemistry 2008-2016 in Bartlett, Hubbard Brook, and Jeffers Brook (12 stands) ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/b23deb8e1ccf1c1413382bf911c6be19 This data package contains the stomatal density and length derived from the raw images in a separate EDI data package: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=321 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE) - Raw images for the analysis of stomatal density and length 2021-2022
Stomatal density and length were measured on leaves of sugar maple (Acer sacharrum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton.) trees in New Hampshire at the Bartlett Experimental Forest, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, and Jeffers Brook as part of the Multiple Elementation Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE) study. Leaves were collected in late July and early August in 2021 and 2022 from the tops of dominant and codominant trees using a shotgun. These measurements were made on 3 leaves from each tree. These data correspond with other foliar trait data collected from the same trees in 2021 and 2022. That EDI package is as follows: Hong, S.D., K.E. Gonzales, C.R. See, and R.D. Yanai. 2021. MELNHE: Foliar Chemistry 2008-2016 in Bartlett, Hubbard Brook, and Jeffers Brook (12 stands) ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/b23deb8e1ccf1c1413382bf911c6be19 This data package contains the raw images underlying the data reported in a separate data package on stomatal density and length: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=372 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Greater reproductive assurance of asexual plant compared to sexual relative in a low density sympatric population – experimental evidence for pollen limitation
<p class="western"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>This dataset contains data from a common garden experiment described in the paper: "</span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Mráz P</span><span><span>, Mrázová V. </span></span></span><span><span><span>2021. </span></span></span><span><span><span>Greater</span></span></span><span><span><span> reproductive assurance of asexual plant compared to sexual relative in a low density sympatric population – experimental evidence for pollen limitation. </span></span></span><i><span><span>Journal of Evolutionary Ecology</span></span></i> </span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span>". </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span>We compared the level and stability of reproductive assurance between sexual self-incompatible and asexual autonomously apomictic plants of <i>Hieracium alpinum</i> (Asteraceae) cultivated in a sympatric low-density population with two levels of spatial clumping of sexual plants. </span></span></span><span><span><span>Overall, we found that the realized seed set (i.e. proportion of well developed seeds per capitulum) of asexuals was ca. 3-times greater than that of sexuals (83% <i>versus</i> 27%), while the variance of this trait expressed as coefficient of variation was ca. 4-times smaller in asexuals compared to sexuals (19% <i>versus </i><span>83%)</span>. Solitary sexual plants had more than 2-times lower realized seed set when compared to clumps composed of two spatially close (20-30 cm) sexual plants (13% <i>versus</i> 34%). </span></span></span><span><span><span>Our study provides experimental evidence for benefit of uniparental reproduction of asexuals in a sympatric situation when the availability of mates is limited. This, together with unpredictability of pollinator environment could provide autonomous apomicts with an ultimate demographic superiority during colonization reflected in geographical parthenogenesis observed in this species. </span></span></span></p>
Greater reproductive assurance of asexual plant compared to sexual relative in a low density sympatric population – experimental evidence for pollen limitation
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[Bmim]Cl limiting current density - NCN project SONATA-17, grant no. 2021/43/D/ST8/02776.
<p><span>Dataset contains results obtained during the NCN project SONATA-17, grant no. </span><span>2021/43/D/ST8/02776</span><span>. The file presents results of the influence of [Bmim]<sup>+</sup> ion concentration and linear flow velocity on the limiting current density during electrodialysis process.</span></p>
Updated dataset from "Exploring seed density and limiting similarity to reduce invasive grass performance for grassland restoration purposes"
<p>Here we aimed to compare the effect of two seed mixes and three density sowing treatments on the performance of the invasive grass Eragrostis plana, one of the major threats to the Campos Sulinos grasslands, at South Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse experiment in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The seed mixes have the same species, but differ in terms of species abundance.</p> <p>Paper Thomas et al. (2024) "Exploring seed density and limiting similarity to reduce invasive grass performance for grassland restoration purposes", published at Applied Vegetation Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12804">https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12804</a></p>
Supplemental data for "Applications and Limitations of Portable Density Meter Measurements Of Na-Ca-Mg-K-Cl-SO4 Brines"
<p>Geochemistry, brine density measurements, environmental observations and geochemical modeling of the Bonneville Salt Flats and surrounding area. </p>
Tree cavity density is a limiting factor for a secondary cavity nester in second-growth Andean temperate rainforests
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Data from: Separating sources of density-dependent and density-independent establishment limitation in invading species
Successful colonization by invasive species depends on both the ability to disperse seeds to a site and an ability to establish once seeds have arrived. While seed and establishment limitation are known to jointly influence colonization, decomposing establishment limitation into density-dependent and density-independent components has remained challenging. Here, we couple theoretical models of recruitment with a multispecies invasion experiment conducted within a natural gradient of soil moisture and productivity to assess how variation in establishment limitation shapes outcomes for invasion. Recruitment was affected by both density-dependent and density-independent sources of establishment limitation in three of four species. Soil moisture stress and productivity both increased density-independent mortality in one species, whereas density-dependent mortality increased in locations with favourable soil moisture. Synthesis. Successful establishment of invading species can be limited by both density-dependent and density-independent mechanisms. In particular, the strength of density-independent limitation may depend on natural gradients in abiotic factors. The varying strengths of establishment limitation suggest that patterns of invasion are likely to be uneven both in space and in time. Understanding how intraspecific competitive constraints and density-independent limitation vary with abiotic gradients can assist with predicting when invasions are likely to occur, information that can be harnessed in the development of better methods for control.
Janzen-Connell effects partially supported in reef-building corals: adult presence interacts with settler density to limit establishment
<p>The Janzen-Connell hypothesis predicts increased survival of early life stages with decreasing conspecific density and increased distance from conspecific adults. Evidence of Janzen-Connell effects in maintaining diversity is common in plant communities, but its importance in sessile marine invertebrates communities remains unclear. Under controlled aquarium conditions, we examined the effect of density-dependence and adult conspecific water treatments (absent/present) on propagule settlement success and settler post-settlement survival, along with associated spatial patterns, for six broadcast-spawning, reef-building coral species from three families. We also tested if settlement success was linked to increasing propagule species diversity for three coral species from two families. We found that the probability of settlement was density independent and not influenced by adult present water treatments Yet, adult present water treatments and settler density did have a synergistic negative effect on the probability of short-term settler survival for all species examined. Settlers also showed greater spatial aggregation as their numbers increased, but were less aggregated in adult present water treatments compared to those in adult absent water treatments. We further show evidence of significant species interactions among propagules, as settlement in single-species trials was four-fold higher compared to mixed-species trials. Our findings from controlled experimental arenas indicate that the early establishment of corals was predominantly limited by density-dependent settler-adult interactions among conspecifics and propagule-propagule interactions among heterospecifics. Thus, the proximity to established conspecific adults, settler density and species diversity of propagules are relevant drivers of local coral community diversity and structure. Based on these outcomes, we suggest that the Janzen-Connell hypothesis, with demonstrated importance for plants, is partially upheld for reef corals.</p>
Testing the precision and sensitivity of density estimates obtained with a camera-trap method revealed limitations and opportunities
<p>The use of camera traps in ecology helps affordably address questions about the distribution and density of cryptic and mobile species. The Random encounter model (REM) is a camera-trap method that has been developed to estimate population densities using unmarked individuals. However, few studies have evaluated its reliability in the field, especially considering that this method relies on parameters obtained from collared animals (<i>i.e.</i> average speed, in km/h), which can be difficult to acquire at low cost and effort. Our objectives were to (1) assess the reliability of this camera-trap method and (2) evaluate the influence of parameters coming from different populations on density estimates. We estimated a reference density of black bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) in Forillon National Park (Québec, Canada) using a spatial capture-recapture estimator based on hair-snag stations. We calculated average speed using telemetry data acquired from four different bear populations located outside our study area and estimated densities using the REM. The reference density, determined with a Bayesian spatial capture-recapture model, was 2.87 individuals/10km<sup>2</sup> [95% CI: 2.41–3.45], which was slightly lower (although not significatively different) than the different densities estimated using REM (ranging from 4.06–5.38 bears/10km<sup>2 </sup>depending on the average speed value used). Average speed values obtained from different populations had minor impacts on REM estimates when the difference in average speed between populations was low. Bias in speed values for slow-moving species had more influence on REM density estimates than for fast-moving species. We pointed out that a potential overestimation of density occurs when average speed is underestimated, i.e. using GPS telemetry locations with large fix-rate intervals. Our study suggests that REM could be an affordable alternative to conventional spatial capture-recapture, but highlights the need for further research to control for potential bias associated with speed values determined using GPS telemetry data.</p>
Distribution. Brazilian Amazon, S of the Rio Amazonas, between the Tapajos/Juruena system and the Tocantins/Araguaia river system to the E, in the Brazilian states of Para and Mato Grosso; the exact S limit ofits distribution is unclear, but it seems likely that it coincides with the transition between the Amazon rainforest and the cerrado savannas of C Brazil; this ecotone encompasses headwaters of the Xingu and Tapajos river systems in N Mato Grosso. Vieira's Titi (C. vieirai) is also known to occur in this region, but there are too few records to confirm whether their distributions intergrade, or in fact where the exact limits of their distributions are. One recent study also found that the Red-bellied Titi may be absent from or present at extremely low densities in large areas of the Tocantins-Xingu interfluvium. Given the overall lack of records, while it is clear that the Red-bellied Titi occurs over a vast area of the SE Amazon Basin, the exact limits of its distribution within this area remain unclear. in Phitheciidae
Distribution. Brazilian Amazon, S of the Rio Amazonas, between the Tapajos/Juruena system and the Tocantins/Araguaia river system to the E, in the Brazilian states of Para and Mato Grosso; the exact S limit ofits distribution is unclear, but it seems likely that it coincides with the transition between the Amazon rainforest and the cerrado savannas of C Brazil; this ecotone encompasses headwaters of the Xingu and Tapajos river systems in N Mato Grosso. Vieira's Titi (C. vieirai) is also known to occur in this region, but there are too few records to confirm whether their distributions intergrade, or in fact where the exact limits of their distributions are. One recent study also found that the Red-bellied Titi may be absent from or present at extremely low densities in large areas of the Tocantins-Xingu interfluvium. Given the overall lack of records, while it is clear that the Red-bellied Titi occurs over a vast area of the SE Amazon Basin, the exact limits of its distribution within this area remain unclear.
A qualitative assessment of limits of active flight in low density atmospheres
<p>Supplementary video files for the "A qualitative assessment of limits of active flight in low density atmospheres". <br><br>Supplementary Dataset S1 contains the following video files recorded from the stereo camera no.1: <br><br></p> <p>1) flies_2_N2_gstream1.mp4 - video showing the experiment with flushing with N2 (first repetition).</p> <p>2) flies_2_N2_2_gstream1_1.mp4 - video showing the experiment with flushing with N2 (second repetition).</p> <p>3) flies_2_N2_3_gstream1_1.mp4 - video showing the experiment with flushing with N2 (third repetition).</p> <p>4) flies_1__He_gstream1_1.mp4 - video showing the experiment with flushing with He (first repetition)</p> <p>5) flies_2_He_2_gstream1_1.mp4 - video showing the experiment with flushing with He (second repetition)</p> <p>6) flies_2_He_3_gstream1_1.mp4 - video showing the experiment with flushing with He (third repetition)</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Evolution of static and dynamical density correlations of one-dimensional soft-core bosons from the Tonks-Girardeau limit to a clustering fluid.
<p>Data and scripts to reproduce the figures of the paper "Evolution of static and dynamical density correlations of one-dimensional soft-core bosons from the Tonks-Girardeau limit to a clustering fluid."</p>
Data from: Separating sources of density-dependent and density-independent establishment limitation in invading species
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Data from: Hypoxic areas, density-dependence and food limitation drive the body condition of a heavily exploited marine fish predator
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Testing the precision and sensitivity of density estimates obtained with a camera-trap method revealed limitations and opportunities
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Janzen-Connell effects partially supported in reef-building corals: adult presence interacts with settler density to limit establishment
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Data from: Limited contributions of plant pathogens to density-dependent seedling mortality of mast fruiting Bornean trees
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Data for: Density dependence and spatial heterogeneity limit the population growth rate of invasive pines at the landscape scale
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Determining population growth across large scales is difficult because it is often impractical to collect data at large scales and over long timespans. Instead, the growth of a population is often only measured at a small, plot-level scale and then extrapolated to derive a mean field estimate. However, this approach is prone to error since it simplifies spatial processes such as the neighbourhood effects of density and dispersal. We present a novel approach that estimates how spatial processes derived from the effects of density and dispersal affect population growth between plot scales and landscape scales. The method is based on a scale transition theory and calculates a transition term to measure the spatial scaling of population growth, which we extend to unstable, expanding populations in order to assess whether landscape-scale population dynamics are different from those estimated at smaller spatial scales. We illustrate this approach using aerial imagery of eight locations in New Zealand experiencing non-native pine invasions. Analyses examined the dynamics at a plot scale (1 hectare) and compared this to estimates across entire landscapes (between 24 and 1600 hectares), in several cases for more than one time period. We used a Bayesian spatial random effects model to examine population growth and to account for neighbourhood effects and dispersal between plots in a rapidly changing system. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoBodyText"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We found that the estimates of the scale transition term were typically 10-25% of the mean field estimates, which led to mean field estimates of population growth extrapolated from plots being considerably higher than landscape estimates. The approach we have developed will not only have applications for predicting the populations' growth of invasive species, but also for studies examining the scaling of landscape-scale phenomena.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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