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40 results for “depth gradient”
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient: Seasonal thaw depth 2004-2024
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and dissolved organic carbon, in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient: Seasonal water table depth from 2004-2024
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and dissolved organic carbon, in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems.
Snow depth, soil frost depth and snow water content along an elevation gradient at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest.
Snow depth, soil frost depth and snow water content have been measured at several locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF). In October 2010, as part of a study of the relationships between snow depth, soil freezing and nutrient cycling (http://www.ecostudies.org/people_sci_groffman_snow_summary.html), we established 6 20 x 20-m plots (intensive plots) and 14 10 x 10-m plots (extensive plots) following an elevation gradient, with eight of the plots facing north and twelve facing south. Snow and frost depth, and snow water equivalent sampling started in December 2010. Measurements on the extensive plots ended at the conclusion of snow coverage in spring, 2012. Measurements at the 6 intensive plots are ongoing and measurement frequency was increased from approximately bimonthly to approximately weekly beginning in the 2019-2020 snow cover season. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Argo-based ocean surface mixed layer depths using the buoyancy gradient definition of Whitt Nicholson and Carranza (2019)
<p>Argo-based mixed layer depth profiles derived from the CORA product as described in Whitt Nicholson Carranza. A binned 2-degree climatology was published previously:</p> <p>https://github.com/danielwhitt/globalimpacts_2019_whittetal/blob/master/MonthlyClimatology_ARGO_MLDbmax_TEOS10_Copernicus_PF_2000-2017_all_jun252019_nc.nc</p> <p>with:</p> <p>Whitt, D. B., Nicholson, S. A., & Carranza, M. M. (2019). Global Impacts of Subseasonal (< 60 Day) Wind Variability on Ocean Surface Stress, Buoyancy Flux, and Mixed Layer Depth. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em>, <em>124</em>(12), 8798-8831</p> <p>Contact the authors with questions. </p> <p>The chosen mixed layer depth definition is the same as "HMXL", a standard output of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) ocean component.</p>
Carbon Dynamics Along a Permafrost Gradient at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: Active Layer Depth (ALD) in a 75x75m spatial domain along a permafrost and vegetation gradient.
This dataset includes active layer depth (ALD) data across a 75x75m spatial domain in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed. Project summary: Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) is a key canopy structural characteristic, a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and an important input into many terrestrial process models. Although many studies have examined SLA variation, relatively few data exist from high latitude, climate-sensitive permafrost regions. We measured SLA and soil and topographic properties across a boreal forest permafrost transition, in which forest composition changed as permafrost deepened from 54 to >150 cm over 75 m hillslope transects in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, Alaska. This is an exploratory study to begin understanding SLA variation and controls thereof in a non-contiguous permafrost system.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Hourly soil oxygen, moisture and temperature across soil depths and an elevation gradient in the Bear Brook watershed; 2018-2019
Denitrification is potentially a significant process of soil nitrogen removal from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) ecosystem. Its magnitude and variation can depend on physical conditions within the soil, particularly oxygen concentration, moisture, and temperature. This dataset contains continuous measurement of soil oxygen, moisture and temperature near the biogeochemical reference Watershed 6 at (HBEF). Data were collected from Campbell Scientific CR1000 dataloggers with sensors installed at 3 depths, each at a soil horizon transition and at an hourly time interval. The timeframe of the dataset is 1 year starting in July 2018 and ending in July 2019. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Figure 1 in Terrestrial isopods and myriapods in a forested scree slope: subterranean biodiversity, depth gradient and annual dynamics
Figure 1. Distribution of Isopoda, Diplopoda and Chilopoda along the depth gradient of the scree slope expressed as the total number of individuals trapped in two sampling periods (November 2008–November 2009; November 2009–July 2010).
Discrete Flow Cytometry of Depth Profile Samples from the Gradients 5 (2023) Cruise Using a BD Influx Cell Sorter
<p>The dataset consists of BD Influx-based analysis of phytoplankton populations from discrete flow cytometry data collected during the Gradients 2023 (Gradients 5/TN412) oceanographic research cruise in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The data consists of cell abundance, cell size (equivalent spherical diameter), carbon quota, and carbon biomass for heterotrophic bacteria, picophytoplankton populations, namely the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, and small eukaryotic phytoplankton (<5 μm ESD). Time is in UTC format, latitude and longitude are in decimal degrees, and depth is in meters. Further information can be found here: https://github.com/fribalet/FCSplankton</p>
Figure 3 in Depth-related gradient of soft-bottom crustacean distribution along the Cilician shelf*
Figure 3. Spatiotemporal (depths and months) and annual (average) changes of crustacean faunistic parameters on the Cilician shelf for number of crustacean species (S), density (N), biomass, species richness (d), evenness (J'), and Shannon–Wiener diversity (H') indexes. Each point represents the value obtained from averaging values of each parameter across all replicates at each depth (n = 9).
Figure 5 in Depth-related gradient of soft-bottom crustacean distribution along the Cilician shelf*
Figure 5. CCA ordination of species (based on abundance data) with superimposed symbols representing bottom depth (see Figure 4), sedimentary parameters, and sea surface temperature of the sampling locations in February (F), May (M), August (A), and November (N). Symbol size is proportional to value of each variable, i.e. the largest symbol corresponds to the maximum value.
Functional beta diversity of New Zealand fishes: characterising morphological turnover along depth and latitude gradients, with derivation of functional bioregions
<p>Changes in the functional structures of communities are rarely examined along multiple large-scale environmental gradients. Here, we describe patterns in functional beta diversity for New Zealand marine fishes <i>vs</i> depth and latitude, including broad-scale delineation of functional bioregions. We derived eight functional traits related to food acquisition and locomotion and calculated complementary indices of functional beta diversity for 144 species of marine ray-finned fishes occurring along large-scale depth (50 - 1200 m) and latitudinal gradients (29° - 51° S) in the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone. We focused on a suite of morphological traits calculated directly from <i>in situ</i> Baited Remote Underwater Stereo-Video (stereo-BRUV) footage and museum specimens. We found that functional changes were primarily structured by depth followed by latitude, and that latitudinal functional turnover decreased with increasing depth. Functional turnover among cells increased with increasing depth distance, but this relationship plateaued for greater depth distances (> 750 m). In contrast, functional turnover did not change significantly with increasing latitudinal distance at 700 - 1200 m depths. Shallow functional bioregions (50 - 100 m) were distinct at different latitudes, whereas deeper bioregions extended across broad latitudinal ranges. Fishes in shallow depths had a body shape conducive to efficient propulsion, while fishes in deeper depths were more elongated, enabling slow, energy-efficient locomotion, and had large eyes to enhance vision. Environmental filtering may be a primary driver of broad-scale patterns of functional beta diversity in the deep sea. Greater environmental homogeneity may lead to greater functional homogeneity across latitudinal gradients at deeper depths (700 - 1200 m). We suggest that communities living at depth may follow a 'functional village hypothesis', whereby similar key functional niches in fish communities may be maintained over large spatial scales.</p>
Dissolved trace metal depth profile concentrations from the North Pacific Ocean Gradients 3 (KM1906) spring 2019 cruise
<p>This dataset contains dissolved trace metal depth profiles collected in the North Pacific Ocean in spring of 2019 on the KM1906 Gradients 3 cruise (Chief Scientist E. Virginia Armbrust). The project was funded by the Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology Gradients program (SCOPE award 426570SP to SGJ). The samples were collected by trace metal clean rosette. Data were produced at the University of Southern California Marine Trace Elements Lab run by Prof. Seth G. John. Briefly, the metals were preconcentrated using an Elemental Scientific Inc. SeaFast automated robot, detected by Element 2 ICP-MS and quantified using isotope dilution as described in Hawco et al. 2020. <em>GCA</em> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.05.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.05.005</a>. All concentrations are dissolved (<0.2um SUPOR filter) and reported as nmol/L. </p>
Discrete Flow Cytometry of Depth Profile Samples from the Gradients 4 (2021) Cruise Using a BD Influx Cell Sorter
<p>The dataset consists of BD Influx-based analysis of phytoplankton populations from discrete flow cytometry data collected during the Gradients 2021 (Gradients 4/TN397) oceanographic research cruise in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The data consists of cell abundance, cell size (equivalent spherical diameter), carbon quota, and carbon biomass for heterotrophic bacteria, picophytoplankton populations, namely the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, and small eukaryotic phytoplankton (<5 μm ESD). Time is in UTC format, latitude and longitude are in decimal degrees, and depth is in meters. Further information can be found here: https://github.com/fribalet/FCSplankton</p>
Functional beta diversity of New Zealand fishes: characterising morphological turnover along depth and latitude gradients, with derivation of functional bioregions
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Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient Extended sites: Physical properties of soil (temperature, moisture and thaw depth).
This data set contains meausrements of soil properties (soil moisture, soil temperature, thaw depth) of sites surrounding an eddy covariance tower. The purpose was to see how physical changes in the lanscape effect carbon fluxes measurede by the EC tower.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient Extended sites: Thaw depths.
This data set contains meausrements of soil properties (depth to permafrost) of sites surrounding an eddy covariance tower. The purpose was to see how physical changes in the lanscape effect carbon fluxes measurede by the EC tower.
Far northeastern Siberia boreal forest data: Soil horizon and thaw depths across a larch forest density gradient
This dataset includes soil horizon and thaw depths within four larch stands near Cherskii, Siberia. Data have not been published.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient: Half-hourly snow depth data, 2012-2017
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and dissolved organic carbon, in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems. This data set provides half-hourly measurements of snow depth collected with an acoustic sensor.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient: Geochemistry of soil pore waters sampled in May 2018 (0 - 20 cm depth) and August 2019 (0-120 cm depth) at Gradient site, 2018-2019
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and dissolved organic carbon, in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems. Analysing the geochemistry of soil pore waters at Gradient site complements the overarching aim of this study. The dissolved organic carbon and mineral elements are determined in soil pore waters from sites of minimum, moderate and extensive permafrost degradation during the spring thaw (0-20 cm depth) in May 2018 and during late summer (0-120 cm depth) in August 2019. Soil pore waters were collected from sites approximately 15 m uphill of the highly monitored Gradient sites. The geochemical data was used to assess the mineral element-organic carbon associations in soil pore waters between contrasting sites of permafrost degradation.
Data from: Phylogenetic measures reveal eco-evolutionary drivers of biodiversity along a depth gradient
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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