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36 results for “desert ecosystem”
Desert Fertilization Experiment: investigation of Sonoran desert ecosystem response to atmospheric deposition and experimental nutrient addition, ongoing since 2006
Launched in 2006 with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and leveraged by the CAP LTER, the Carbon and Nitrogen deposition (CNdep) project sought to answer the fundamental question of whether elemental cycles in urban ecosystems are qualitatively different from those in non-urban ecosystems. Ecosystem scientists, atmospheric chemists, and biogeochemists tested the hypothesis that distinct biogeochemical pathways result from elevated inorganic nitrogen and organic carbon deposition from the atmosphere to the land. To test the hypothesis, scientists examined the responsiveness of Sonoran desert ecosystems to nutrient enrichment by capitalizing on a gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. Fifteen desert study sites were established, with five locations each west and east of the urban core, and in the urban core in desert preserves. In addition to the gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the urban core, select study plots at each of the fifteen desert locations receive amendments of nitrogen, phosphorus, or nitrogen + phosphorus fertilizer. Measured variables include soil properties, perennial and annual plant growth, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen. At the close of the initial grant period, the CAP LTER assumed responsibility for the project, renamed the Desert Fertilization Experiment, which provides a remarkable platform to study the long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on desert ecosystem properties.
Desert Fertilization Experiment: investigation of Sonoran desert ecosystem response to atmospheric deposition and experimental nutrient addition, ongoing since 2006 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/632/9. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
Desert Fertilization Experiment: investigation of Sonoran desert ecosystem response to atmospheric deposition and experimental nutrient addition, ongoing since 2006 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/253/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/632/9. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T5.2 Succulent or Thorny deserts and semi-deserts
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T5.2 Succulent or Thorny deserts and semi-deserts</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T6.3 Polar tundra and deserts
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T6.3 Polar tundra and deserts</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T5.1 Semi-desert steppe
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T5.1 Semi-desert steppe</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T5.4 Cool deserts and semi-deserts
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T5.4 Cool deserts and semi-deserts</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T5.5 Hyper-arid deserts
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T5.5 Hyper-arid deserts</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T5.3 Sclerophyll hot deserts and semi-deserts
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T5.3 Sclerophyll hot deserts and semi-deserts</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Net primary production (NPP) and climate data from Sevilleta LTER core and control sites in desert grassland and shrubland ecosystems, 1999 - 2017
This dataset and R code were used to create the figures, tables and statistical analyses for the following publication: Rudgers, JA et al. 2018. Climate sensitivity functions and net primary production: A framework for incorporating climate mean and variability. Ecology. Data were collected by the Sevilleta LTER program, which is located in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR), New Mexico. These are long-term, continuing data sets. Data collection started in 1999 at the black grama grassland and creosote shrubland, and in 2002 for blue grama grassland. Meteorological stations started recording data as early as 1989. The study abstract from Rudgers et al. 2018 is: Understanding controls on net primary production (NPP) has been a long-standing goal in ecology. Climate is a well-known control on NPP, although the temporal differences among years within a site are often weaker than the spatial pattern of differences across sites. Climate sensitivity functions describe the relationship between an ecological response (e.g., NPP) and both the mean and variance of its climate driver (e.g., aridity index), providing a novel framework for understanding how climate trends in both mean and variance vary with NPP over time. Nonlinearities in these functions predict whether an increase in climate variance will have a positive effect (convex nonlinearity) or negative effect (concave nonlinearity) on NPP. The influence of climate variance may be particularly intense at ecosystem transition zones, if species reach physiological thresholds that create nonlinearities at these ecotones. Long-term data collected at the confluence of three dryland ecosystems in central New Mexico revealed that each ecosystem exhibited a unique climate sensitivity function that was consistent with long-term vegetation change occurring at their ecotones. Our analysis suggests that rising temperatures in drylands could alter the nonlinearities that determine the relative costs and benefits of varia
Figure 10 in Parasites of Moroccan desert Coptodon guineensis (Pisces, Cichlidae): transition and resilience in a simplified hypersaline ecosystem
Figure 10. Abundance of infection of Coptodon guineensis at Sebkha Imlili by acanthocephalan Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) cf. tilapiae according to fish total length. Infection occurred in fish as small as 20 mm. Larger fish were more often infected than smaller fish.
Figure 5 in Parasites of Moroccan desert Coptodon guineensis (Pisces, Cichlidae): transition and resilience in a simplified hypersaline ecosystem
Figure 5. Unidentified metacercariae from Coptodon guineensis at Sebkha Imlili. A. Metacercaria (arrow) showing ocelli and associated with intense granulocytic reaction in intestinal mucosa. B. Fresh squash of spleen showing numerous metacercariae.
Figure 4 in Parasites of Moroccan desert Coptodon guineensis (Pisces, Cichlidae): transition and resilience in a simplified hypersaline ecosystem
Figure 4. Metacercariae of heterophyid Pygidiopsis genata from Coptodon guineensis at Sebkha Imlili. A. Numerous metacercariae encysted on the outer wall of stomach. B & C. Fresh squashes of infected tissues with clusters of live metacercariae. D. SEM of excysted metacercariae showing a pyriform scaled body with terminal oral sucker (arrow) and subequatorial acetabulum (arrowhead). E. Oral sucker unarmed. F. small ventral sucker. Insert: pectinate body scales.
Figure 6 in Parasites of Moroccan desert Coptodon guineensis (Pisces, Cichlidae): transition and resilience in a simplified hypersaline ecosystem
Figure 6. Prevalence of infection (%) of Coptodon guineensis at Sebkha Imlili. Blue bars = acanthocephalan Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) cf. tilapiae (December 2018: n = 93; April 2019: n = 80; July 2019: n = 92; October 2019: n = 57); Orange bars = metacercariae of Pygidiopsis genata (Dec 2018: n = 92; April 2019: n = 80; July 2019: n = 39; October 2019: n = 53); Grey bars = unidentified metacercariae (December 2018: n = 92; April 2019: n = 80; July 2019: n = 25; October 2019: n = 35).
Figure 2 in Parasites of Moroccan desert Coptodon guineensis (Pisces, Cichlidae): transition and resilience in a simplified hypersaline ecosystem
Figure 2. Acanthocephalan Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) cf. tilapiae from Coptodon guineensis at Sebkha Imlili. Fresh preparations. A. Female worm (gravid). B. Male worm. C. Ellipsoid eggs in gravid female. D. Proboscis and anterior trunk (montage) of male worm. Note strong anterior hooks and abruptly smaller middle and posterior hooks as well as regular rows of spines that were lost and leave rosette marks on tegument. E. Posterior end of male worm showing terminal genital opening and everted copulatory bursa. F. Posterior end of female showing terminal genital opening.
Figure 9 in Parasites of Moroccan desert Coptodon guineensis (Pisces, Cichlidae): transition and resilience in a simplified hypersaline ecosystem
Figure 9. Mean trunk length of females of acanthocephalan Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) cf. tilapiae in Coptodon guineensis at Sebkha Imlili (December 2018: n = 41; April 2019: n = 42; July 2019: n = 47; October 2019: n = 50). Worms were significantly smaller in April and October compared to December and July.
Figure 8 in Parasites of Moroccan desert Coptodon guineensis (Pisces, Cichlidae): transition and resilience in a simplified hypersaline ecosystem
Figure 8. Proportions of females of acanthocephalan Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) cf. tilapiae in Coptodon guineensis at Sebkha Imlili according to stage of maturity. Solid bars = immature females (no genitalia visible); dotted bars = ovigerous females (ovarian balls visible); striped bars = gravid females (December 2018: n = 41; April 2019: n = 42; July 2019: n = 47; October 2019: n = 50). Gravid females were present throughout the year but significantly more abundant proportionally in December and July, which may indicate a short life span of the worms and quick turnover in the fish.
Figure 3 in Parasites of Moroccan desert Coptodon guineensis (Pisces, Cichlidae): transition and resilience in a simplified hypersaline ecosystem
Figure 3. Acanthocephalan Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) cf. tilapiae from Coptodon guineensis at Sebkha Imlili. SEM. A. Male proboscis showing large anterior hooks markedly separated from small posterior hooks. B. Anterior trunk of female showing rows of spines. C. Female body spine.
Figure 7 in Parasites of Moroccan desert Coptodon guineensis (Pisces, Cichlidae): transition and resilience in a simplified hypersaline ecosystem
Figure 7. Mean intensity of infection of Coptodon guineensis at Sebkha Imlili by acanthocephalan Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) cf. tilapiae (December 2018: n = 69; April 2019: n = 41; July 2019: n = 66; October 2019: n = 45). Mean intensity was significantly lowest in April.
Drought Impact on Desert Ecosystems, Drought Network precipitation manipulation experiment in desert grasslands
Climate change amplifies the global water cycle, making droughts more frequent and more severe. The hot deserts of the U.S. rely on the stability and frequency of water availability in order to sustain biological communities, making these ecosystems incredibly vulnerable to anticipated alterations in the water cycle. This project seeks to understand which biotic and abiotic variables are principle in determining desert ecosystem sensitivity to drought? To answer these questions, we have installed a drought manipulation that will simulate an extreme drought event by reducing annual precipitation by 66% in seven desert sites. Plant abundance data are collected annually to track changes in the plant community. Data collection began in Spring 2018. Treatments at three Sevilleta sites began in Fall 2018 after data collection in October 2018. Treatments started at four sites in Arizona and California in March and April of 2019 and spring pretreatment data collection. The treatments will last for four years.
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