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24 results for “developmental rate”
Developmental temperature alters the thermal sensitivity of courtship activity and signal-preference relationships, but not mating rates
<p><span>Mating behaviours are susceptible to novel or stressful thermal conditions, particularly for ectothermic organisms. One way to deal with changes in thermal conditions is to exhibit developmental plasticity, whereby the thermal sensitivity of mating behaviours depend on developmental conditions. </span></p> <p><span>We test how developmental temperature affects the thermal sensitivity of courtship behaviour and mating rates, as well as mating signal and preference coupling. </span></p> <p><span>We rear treehoppers under two temperature regimes and then test how a range of ambient temperature affects behaviours involved in the coordination of mating. We also test for sex-specific thermal sensitivity and developmental plasticity.</span></p> <p><span>We find developmental plasticity in the thermal sensitivity of courtship behaviour and mating signals for males. However, we found no developmental plasticity in females, and no change in the thermal sensitivity of mating rates.</span></p> <p><span>We discuss the implications of signal-preference decoupling for sexual selection, how reversible acclimation may drive sex-specific results, and the potential for mismatches between developmental and mating thermal environments under future climate change predictions. </span><span><br></span></p>
Figure 2 in Heart rate response and bimodal gas eXchange in three developmental stages of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae)
Figure 2. Representative data recording of electrocardiogram (A) and aerial ventilation (B) in a premetamorphic Lithobates catesbeianus at 25°C. In B the signals show a ventilatory event where the tadpole renewed the air in its lungs, resulting in a marked drop in PO2 and an increase in PCO2. Following the ventilatory event, the expired air was mixed with the remaining air within the closed respirometry system, resulting in a PO2 slightly lower, and a PCO2 slightly greater, than before ventilation.
Figure 1 in Heart rate response and bimodal gas eXchange in three developmental stages of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae)
Figure 1. Scheme of non-invasive apparatus to measure gas exchange in water (A) and air (B), and heart rate (C).
Figure 4 in Heart rate response and bimodal gas eXchange in three developmental stages of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae)
Figure 4. Mass-specific oxygen consumption (A) and carbon dioxide released (B) for aerial (red lines and points) and aquatic (blue lines and points) gas exchange during development of Lithobates catesbeianus.
Figure 5 in Heart rate response and bimodal gas eXchange in three developmental stages of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae)
Figure 5. Relationship between Log whole-body oxygen consumption (A) and carbon dioxide release (B) (µmol h-1) in 10 air (filled symbols) and water (open symbols), and Log10 body mass (g) in larval (blue triangles), premetamorphic (orange squares) and metamorphic (green circles) stages of Lithobates catesbeianus. Each point represents a measurement from a single animal. The regression lines correspond to aerial (red) and aquatic (blue) gas exchange. Dotted lines represent no significant correlation.
Data from: Additive effects of developmental acclimation and physiological syndromes on lifetime metabolic and water loss rates of a dry-skinned ectotherm
<p>Data sets from the paper: "Additive effects of developmental acclimation and physiological syndromes on lifetime metabolic and water loss rates of a dry-skinned ectotherm" by Dezetter et al. in Functional Ecology.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Developmental temperature alters the thermal sensitivity of courtship activity and signal-preference relationships, but not mating rates
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Developmental life history is associated with variation in rates of climatic niche evolution in a salamander adaptive radiation
Rates of climatic niche evolution vary widely across the tree of life and are strongly associated with rates of diversification and the accumulation of species diversity among clades. However, why the climatic niche evolves more rapidly in some lineages than others remains unclear. Variation in life history traits often plays a key role in determining the environmental conditions under which species can survive, and therefore, could impact the rate at which lineages can expand in available climatic niche space. Here, we explore the relationships among life-history variation, climatic niche breadth, and rates of climatic niche evolution. We reconstruct a new phylogeny for the genus Desmognathus, an adaptive radiation of salamanders distributed across eastern North America, based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Using this phylogeny, we estimate rates of climatic niche evolution for species with long, short, and no aquatic larval stage. Rates of climatic niche evolution are unrelated to the mean climatic niche breadth of species with different life histories. Instead, we find that the evolution of a short larval period promotes greater exploration of climatic space, leading to increased rates of climatic niche evolution across species having this trait. We propose that morphological and physiological differences associated with variation in larval stage length underlie the heterogeneous ability of lineages to explore climatic niche space. Rapid rates of climatic niche evolution among lineages with short larval periods were an important dimension of the clade's adaptive radiation and likely contributed to the rapid rate of lineage accumulation following the evolution of an aquatic life history in this clade. Our results show how variation in a key life-history trait can constrain or promote divergence of the climatic niche, leading to variation in rates of climatic niche evolution among lineages.
Variation in developmental rates is not linked to environmental unpredictability in annual killifishes
<p>Comparative evidence suggests that adaptive plasticity may evolve as a response to predictable environmental variation. However, less attention has been placed on unpredictable environmental variation, which is considered to affect evolutionary trajectories by increasing phenotypic variation (or bet-hedging). Here, we examine the occurrence of bet-hedging in egg developmental rates in seven species of annual killifish that originate from a gradient of variation in precipitation rates, under three treatment incubation temperatures (21°C, 23°C, and 25°C). In the wild, these species survive regular and seasonal habitat desiccation, as dormant eggs buried in the soil. At the onset of the rainy season embryos must be sufficiently developed in order to hatch and complete their life-cycle. We found substantial differences among species in both the mean and variation of egg development rates, as well as species-specific plastic responses to incubation temperature. Yet, there was no clear relationship between variation in egg development time and variation in precipitation rate (environmental predictability). The exact cause of these differences therefore remains enigmatic, possibly depending on differences in other natural environmental conditions in addition to precipitation predictability. Hence, if species-specific variances are adaptive, the relationship between development and variation in precipitation is complex and does not diverge in accordance with simple linear relationships.</p>
Data from: Developmental rate displays effects of inheritance but not of sex in interpopulation hybrids of Tigriopus californicus
<p>Coevolved genetic interactions within populations can be disrupted by hybridization resulting in loss of fitness in hybrid individuals (i.e., hybrid breakdown). However, the extent to which variation in fitness-related traits among hybrids is inherited across generations remains unclear, and variation in these traits may be sex-specific in hybrids due to differential effects of genetic incompatibilities in females and males. Here we present two experiments investigating variation in developmental rate among reciprocal inter-population hybrids of the intertidal copepod <em>Tigriopus</em> <em>californicus</em>. Developmental rate is a fitness-related trait in this species that is affected by interactions between mitochondrial-encoded and nuclear-encoded genes in hybrids that result in variation in mitochondrial ATP synthesis capacities. First, we show that F<sub>2</sub>-hybrid developmental rate is equivalent in two reciprocal crosses and is unaffected by sex, suggesting that breakdown of developmental rate is likely experienced equally by females and males. Second, we demonstrate that variation in developmental rate among F<sub>3</sub> hybrids is heritable; times to copepodid metamorphosis of F<sub>4</sub> offspring of fast-developing F<sub>3</sub> parents (12.25 ± 0.05 d, μ ± SEM) were significantly faster than those of F<sub>4</sub> offspring of slow-developing parents (14.58 ± 0.05 d). Third, we find that ATP synthesis rates in these F<sub>4</sub> hybrids are unaffected by the developmental rates of their parents, but that mitochondria from females synthesize ATP at faster rates than mitochondria from males. Taken together, these results suggest that sex-specific effects vary among fitness-related traits in these hybrids and that effects likely associated with hybrid breakdown display substantial inheritance across hybrid generations.</p>
Poor developmental conditions decrease adult body size and egg size, but not egg laying rate and survival throughout adulthood: A long-term experiment in a precocial bird
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Variation in developmental rates is not linked to environmental unpredictability in annual killifishes
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Data from: Developmental rate displays effects of inheritance but not of sex in interpopulation hybrids of Tigriopus californicus
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Developmental life history is associated with variation in rates of climatic niche evolution in a salamander adaptive radiation
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Data from: Avian developmental rates are constrained by latitude and migratoriness – a global analysis.
<p><b>Aim</b>: It has long been recognized that tropical bird species demonstrate a wide range of traits characteristic for slow life histories, as indicated by lower investment in reproduction, slower senescence or slower physiological pace of life. Nevertheless, evidence for latitudinal variation in avian developmental rates has, so far, been inconclusive and based on limited geographic or phylogenetic sampling. The aim of this study was to test for global associations of avian developmental rates with latitude and migratoriness.</p> <p><b>Location</b>: Global.</p> <p><b>Taxon</b>: Birds.</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: We compiled data on developmental (incubation and fledging) periods of 3500 passerine and non-passerine bird species distributed worldwide, which represented nearly all extant avian orders and families. Associations of developmental periods with latitude and migratoriness were analysed with phylogenetically-informed comparative models that controlled for major sources of variation in developmental rates (body mass, clutch size, and developmental mode across altricial-precocial spectrum).</p> <p><b>Results</b>: Our analyses provided support for a negative latitudinal gradient in the duration of fledging, but not incubation period. After controlling for latitude, we also found that migratory birds showed faster developmental rates than resident species. Finally, we found that developmental rates were non-linearly associated with clutch size (fastest developmental rates at intermediate clutch size) and that duration of fledging period had higher evolutionary lability than incubation period.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b>: Our global comparative analysis provided convincing and phylogenetically-robust evidence for a long-held hypothesis on latitudinal variation in avian developmental rates, although the pattern was apparent only at the post-embryonic stage of development (fledging period). This challenges a common belief on longer incubation periods in tropics and indicates that incubation and fledging periods may differently respond to external environmental factors, which can possibly be driven by their different evolutionary lability. The results may contribute to our understanding of biogeographic variation in species diversity.</p>
Data from: Modeling winter moth Operophtera brumata egg phenology: nonlinear effects of temperature and developmental stage on developmental rate
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Data from: Avian developmental rates are constrained by latitude and migratoriness – a global analysis
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Data from: Developmental influence on evolutionary rates and the origin of placental mammal tooth complexity
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Figure 3 in Heart rate response and bimodal gas eXchange in three developmental stages of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae)
Figure 3. Heart rate (fH) variation during the experiment (A) and individual fH (B) in larval (blue line and points), premetamorphosis (orange line and points) and metamorphed individuals (green line and points) of Lithobates catesbeianus. All bars represent mean ± s.e.m.
Influence of a Prematuration Culture With a Phosphodiesterase-3 Inhibitor (PDE3-I) on Embryonic Aneuploidy Rate and Developmental Potential
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00822874. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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