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107 results for “developmental response”
Variation in personality shaped by evolutionary history, genotype, and developmental plasticity in response to feeding modalities in the Arctic charr
<p>Animal personality has been shown to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and shaped by natural selection. Currently, little is known about mechanisms influencing the development of personality traits. This study examines the extent to which personality development is genetically influenced and/or environmentally responsive (plastic). We also investigated the role of evolutionary history, assessing whether personality traits could be canalized along a genetic and ecological divergence gradient. We tested the plastic potential of boldness in juveniles of five Icelandic Arctic charr morphs (<em>Salvelinus</em> <em>alpinus</em>), including two pairs of sympatric morphs, displaying various degrees of genetic and ecological divergence from the ancestral anadromous charr, split between treatments mimicking benthic vs. pelagic feeding modalities. We show that differences in mean boldness are mostly affected by genetics. While the benthic treatment led to bolder individuals overall, the environmental effect was rather weak, suggesting that boldness lies under strong genetic influence with reduced plastic potential. Finally, we found hints of differences by morphs in boldness canalization through reduced variance and plasticity, and higher consistency in boldness within morphs. These findings provide new insights into how behavioural development may impact adaptive diversification.</p>
Data archive for 'Cognitive bias in relation to developmental history and stress response in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)'
<p>Data files and R code for Gott et al. 'Cognitive bias in relation to developmental history and stress response in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)'.</p> <p>One .csv file gives the trial-by-trial data from the cognitive bias experiment. The other gives individual-level summary variables. Both are used by the R script.</p> <p>Uploaded 9th September 2018</p>
Figure 2 in Heart rate response and bimodal gas eXchange in three developmental stages of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae)
Figure 2. Representative data recording of electrocardiogram (A) and aerial ventilation (B) in a premetamorphic Lithobates catesbeianus at 25°C. In B the signals show a ventilatory event where the tadpole renewed the air in its lungs, resulting in a marked drop in PO2 and an increase in PCO2. Following the ventilatory event, the expired air was mixed with the remaining air within the closed respirometry system, resulting in a PO2 slightly lower, and a PCO2 slightly greater, than before ventilation.
Figure 1 in Heart rate response and bimodal gas eXchange in three developmental stages of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae)
Figure 1. Scheme of non-invasive apparatus to measure gas exchange in water (A) and air (B), and heart rate (C).
Figure 4 in Heart rate response and bimodal gas eXchange in three developmental stages of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae)
Figure 4. Mass-specific oxygen consumption (A) and carbon dioxide released (B) for aerial (red lines and points) and aquatic (blue lines and points) gas exchange during development of Lithobates catesbeianus.
Figure 5 in Heart rate response and bimodal gas eXchange in three developmental stages of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura: Ranidae)
Figure 5. Relationship between Log whole-body oxygen consumption (A) and carbon dioxide release (B) (µmol h-1) in 10 air (filled symbols) and water (open symbols), and Log10 body mass (g) in larval (blue triangles), premetamorphic (orange squares) and metamorphic (green circles) stages of Lithobates catesbeianus. Each point represents a measurement from a single animal. The regression lines correspond to aerial (red) and aquatic (blue) gas exchange. Dotted lines represent no significant correlation.
Variation in personality shaped by evolutionary history, genotype, and developmental plasticity in response to feeding modalities in the Arctic charr
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Data and analyses from: Context matters: A meta-analysis of the variable impacts of transgenerational and developmental plasticity on responses to stress
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Data from: Developmental behavioural plasticity and DNA methylation patterns in response to predation stress in Trinidadian guppies
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Data from: Developmental nutrition modulates metabolic responses to projected climate change
<ol> <li>Current policy has the world on track to experience around 3°C of warming by 2100. The responses of organisms to our warming world will be mediated by changes in physiological processes, including metabolic rate. Metabolic rate represents the energetic cost of living, and is fundamental to understanding the energy required to sustain populations. Current evidence indicates that animals have a limited capacity to adapt to warmer environments by reducing their metabolic rate. Consequently, animals may be more reliant on metabolic plasticity to ameliorate the thermodynamic effect of rising temperatures on physiological rates. However, metabolic plasticity is influenced by other environmental factors, including the nutritional quality of food. Elevated levels of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> are expected to reduce the protein and increase the carbohydrate concentration in plants, but we do not know how this will affect the response of metabolic rate to climate warming.</li> <li>Here we test the interactive effects of developmental dietary protein and carbohydrate concentrations on the metabolic plasticity of adult <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> in response to a 3°C increase in temperature while accounting for variation associated with body mass and activity (resting metabolic rate).</li> <li>We show that the thermal sensitivity of resting metabolic rate is modulated by developmental nutrition with animals reared on nutritionally poor, low-protein diets showing the greatest increase in resting metabolic rate in response to simulated climate warming. We also show that if the nutritional quality of resources is unaffected by climate change, then temperature-induced increases in resting metabolic rate will be offset by decreases in mass, but the absolute energy requirements of animals will be elevated relative to current conditions despite this. If, on the other hand, temperatures rise and resources become more calorie-dense and carbohydrate-rich, then the resting metabolic rate of animals will remain relatively unchanged, but decreases in mass and activity may drive down the absolute energy requirements of animals.</li> <li>In the absence of evolutionary adaptation, these findings suggest that the combined plastic response of physiological, morphological, and behavioural traits to temperature and nutrition may be an important determinant of the ultimate outcome of climate change for populations.</li> </ol>
Data from: Testing frameworks for early life effects: The developmental constraints and adaptive response hypotheses do not explain key fertility outcomes in wild female baboons
<p>In evolutionary ecology, two classes of explanations are frequently invoked to explain "early life effects" on adult outcomes. Developmental constraints (DC) explanations contend that costs of early adversity arise from limitations adversity places on optimal development. Adaptive response (AR) hypotheses propose that later life outcomes will be worse when early and adult environments are poorly "matched." Here, we use recently proposed mathematical definitions for these hypotheses and a quadratic-regression based approach to test the long-term consequences of variation in developmental environments on fertility in wild baboons. We evaluate whether low rainfall and/or dominance rank during development predict three female fertility measures in adulthood, and whether any observed relationships are consistent with DC and/or AR. Neither rainfall during development nor the difference between rainfall in development and adulthood predicted any fertility measures. Females who were low-ranking during development had an elevated risk of losing infants later in life, and greater change in rank between development and adulthood predicted greater risk of infant loss. However, both effects were statistically marginal and consistent with alternative explanations, including adult environmental quality effects. Consequently, our data do not provide compelling support for either of these common explanations for the evolution of early life effects.</p>
Data and R code used in Baudson et al (2019) Developmental plasticity of Brachypodium distachyon in response to P deficiency: modulation by inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria
<p>This repository contains the raw data and R code used for the following paper: Baudson et al (2019) Developmental plasticity of <em>Brachypodium distachyon</em> in response to P deficiency: modulation by inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria</p>
Spatial and temporal variation in phenotypes and fitness in response to developmental thermal environments
<p>1) Phenotypic variation within populations is influenced by the environment via plasticity and natural selection. How phenotypes respond to the environment can vary among traits, populations, and life stages in ways that can influence fitness.</p> <p>2) Plastic responses during early development are particularly important because they can affect components of fitness throughout an individual's life. Consequently, how natural selection shapes developmental plasticity could be influenced by fitness consequences across different life stages. Moreover, spatial variation in selection pressures could generate differences in plastic responses among populations.</p> <p>3) To gain insight into sources of variation in phenotypes and survival, we used a laboratory egg incubation experiment using brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) from mainland (ancestral) and island (descendent) populations, combined with a mark-release-recapture experiment in the field. Our study was designed to (i) quantify the effects developmental temperature on embryo development and offspring morphology, (ii) assess how developmental temperature influences offspring survival across different life stages, and (iii) quantify how thermal reaction norms vary among ancestral and descendant populations.</p> <p>4) Developmental temperature influenced offspring morphology, but thermal reaction norms of embryos showed little variation among populations. Developmental temperature influenced offspring survival, but the patterns differed between embryo and hatchling stages; the optimal temperature for embryos was about 5ºC lower than that for hatchlings. High temperatures were thermally stressful to embryos, but they reduced incubation duration and led to early hatching. In turn, earlier hatching increased the probability of survival to adulthood. Moreover, the effect of temperature on hatchling survival was most pronounced for offspring that hatched late in the season.</p> <p>5) The difference in optimal developmental temperatures between life stages may be driven by physiological tolerance for embryos and by ecological factors for hatchlings. Moreover, the fitness consequences of the developmental environment depend upon the phenology of hatching. Overall, these results highlight how the developmental environment can differentially effect fitness across life stages and show that temporal thermal heterogeneity can influence survival of embryos, but the consequences on post-hatching stages may vary at different times of the season.</p>
Alternative developmental and transcriptomic responses to host plant water limitation in a butterfly metapopulation
<p>The dataset is from a study examining the effects of host plant water stress on the developmental and transcriptomic responses of its specialist Lepidopteran herbivore. The study combines host plant metabolic profiling with development assays and full-transcriptome sequencing of herbivore larvae. First, we profiled metabolic differences between well-watered and water-limited ribwort plantain (<em>Plantago lanceolata</em>) using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR). Second, we tested how performance of developing Glanville fritillary (<em>Melitaea cinxia</em>) larvae was affected by host plant water limitation experienced at different larval developmental stages. Third, we examined larval gene regulatory responses to water limited host plants by sequencing full transcriptomes of 77 female larvae (RNA seq). Finally, to examine intrapopulation variation in the responses of the larvae, we compared the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses across full-sib families originating from different parts of the metapopulation. In this dataset, we provide data for the <em>P. lanceolata</em> metabolite responses to water limitation and developmental responses of the <em>M. cinxia</em> larvae to feeding on water limited <em>P. lanceolata</em>. The transcriptomic data are available from NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus, with the accession number GSE159376.</p>
A phenomics approach reveals interspecific differences in integrated developmental responses to chronic elevated temperatures
<p>Raw data for publication 'A phenomics approach reveals interspecific differences in integrated developmental responses to chronic elevated temperatures', Journal of Experimental Biology (2023) 226, jeb245612. doi:10.1242/jeb.245612.</p> <p>Developmental_Event_Timings.csv - Raw data for the timings of development of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis, Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta</em> maintained at 20 and 25C, recorded by manual observation from video of developing embryos. Data are recorded as absolute timings, and relative timings normalised between the 4-cell stage and hatching. </p> <p>EPT_Data.csv - Time series of frequency specific EPT data binned at 0.1Hz increments for embryos of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>, <em>Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta </em>maintained at 20 and 25C, normalised by relative developmental time. </p> <p>EPT_data_by_physiological_window.csv - Frequency specific EPT data binned at 0.1Hz increments, and averaged across 4 key physiological windows in development (ciliary driven rotation, muscular crawling, cardiovascular function and radula function) for embryos of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>, <em>Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta </em>maintained at 20 and 25C. </p> <p>Total_energy_data.csv - Time series of total energy data for embryos of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>, <em>Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta </em>maintained at 20 and 25C, normalised by relative developmental time. </p>
Data from: Testing frameworks for early life effects: The developmental constraints and adaptive response hypotheses do not explain key fertility outcomes in wild female baboons
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Genotype-environment interaction reveals varied developmental responses to unpredictable host phenology in a tropical insect
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Spatial and temporal variation in phenotypes and fitness in response to developmental thermal environments
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Alternative developmental and transcriptomic responses to host plant water limitation in a butterfly metapopulation
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Data from: Developmental nutrition modulates metabolic responses to projected climate change
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