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44 results for “developmental temperature”
Developmental temperature, more than long-term evolution, defines thermal tolerance in an Estuarine Copepod
<p>Climate change is resulting in increasing ocean temperatures and salinity variability, particularly in estuarine environments. Tolerance of temperature and salinity change interact and thus may impact organismal resilience. Populations can respond to multiple stressors in the short-term (i.e., plasticity) or over longer timescales (i.e., adaptation). However, little is known about the short- or long-term effects of elevated temperature on the tolerance of acute temperature and salinity changes. Here we characterized the response of the near-shore and estuarine copepod, <em>Acartia tonsa</em>, to temperature and salinity stress. Copepods originated from one of two sets of replicated >40 generation-old temperature adapted lines: Ambient (AM, 18°C) and ocean warming (OW, 22°C). Copepods from these lines were subjected to one and three generations at the reciprocal temperature. Copepods from all treatments were then assessed for differences in acute temperature and salinity tolerance. Development (one generation), three generations, and >40 generations of warming increased thermal tolerance compared to Ambient conditions, with development in OW resulting in equal thermal tolerance to three and >40 generations of OW. Strikingly, developmental OW and >40 generations of OW had no effect on low salinity tolerance relative to Ambient. By contrast, when environmental salinity was reduced first, copepods had lower thermal tolerances. These results highlight a critical role for plasticity in the copepod climate response and suggest that salinity variability may reduce copepod tolerance to subsequent warming.</p>
Developmental temperature alters the thermal sensitivity of courtship activity and signal-preference relationships, but not mating rates
<p><span>Mating behaviours are susceptible to novel or stressful thermal conditions, particularly for ectothermic organisms. One way to deal with changes in thermal conditions is to exhibit developmental plasticity, whereby the thermal sensitivity of mating behaviours depend on developmental conditions. </span></p> <p><span>We test how developmental temperature affects the thermal sensitivity of courtship behaviour and mating rates, as well as mating signal and preference coupling. </span></p> <p><span>We rear treehoppers under two temperature regimes and then test how a range of ambient temperature affects behaviours involved in the coordination of mating. We also test for sex-specific thermal sensitivity and developmental plasticity.</span></p> <p><span>We find developmental plasticity in the thermal sensitivity of courtship behaviour and mating signals for males. However, we found no developmental plasticity in females, and no change in the thermal sensitivity of mating rates.</span></p> <p><span>We discuss the implications of signal-preference decoupling for sexual selection, how reversible acclimation may drive sex-specific results, and the potential for mismatches between developmental and mating thermal environments under future climate change predictions. </span><span><br></span></p>
Dataset for: Effect of developmental temperatures on Aphidius colemani host-foraging behavior at high temperature
<p>This is the dataset for the following study; <strong>Effect of developmental temperatures on <em>Aphidius colemani</em> host-foraging behavior at high temperature.</strong></p> <p>We explored how three rearing temperatures (10, 20, and 28°C) affected host-foraging behaviors and associated traits under warm conditions in the insect parasitoid <em>Aphidius colemani.</em></p>
Temperature during pupal development affects hoverfly developmental time, adult lifespan and wing length
<p><span>Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) are cosmopolitan, generalist flower visitors and among the most important pollinators after bees and bumblebees. The dronefly <em>Eristalis tenax</em> can be found in temperate and continental climates across the globe, often synanthropically. <em>Eristalis tenax</em> pupae of different generations and different climate zones are thus exposed to vastly different temperatures. </span><span>In many insects, the ambient temperature during the pupal stage affects development, adult size, and survival; however, the effect of developmental temperature on these traits in hoverflies is comparatively poorly understood. </span></p> <p><span>We here reared <em>Eristalis tenax </em>pupae at different temperatures, from 10°C to 25°C, and quantified the effect on adult hoverflies. </span><span>We found that pupal rearing at 17°C appeared to be optimal, with high eclosion rates, longer wings, and increased adult longevity. Rearing temperatures above or below this optimum led to decreased eclosion rates, wing size, and adult survival. Similar thermal dependence has been observed in other insects. </span><span>We found that rearing temperature had no significant effect on locomotor activity, coloration or weight, despite evidence of strong sexual dimorphism and batch identity effects for each of these traits. </span></p> <p><span>Our findings are important as hoverflies are key pollinators, and understanding the effects of developmental temperature could potentially be useful for horticulture. </span></p>
Temperature during pupal development affects hoverfly developmental time, adult lifespan and wing length
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Developmental temperature, more than long-term evolution, defines thermal tolerance in an Estuarine Copepod
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Developmental temperature alters the thermal sensitivity of courtship activity and signal-preference relationships, but not mating rates
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Data from: Differing thermal sensitivities in a host-parasitoid interaction: high, fluctuating developmental temperatures produce dead wasps and giant caterpillars
<p>1. Insect parasitoids, and the arthropod hosts they consume during development, are important ecological players in almost all environments across the globe. As ectothermic organisms, both parasitoid and host are strongly impacted by environmental temperature. If thermal tolerances differ between host insect and parasitoid, then the outcome of their interaction will be determined by the ambient temperature. As mean temperatures continue to rise and extreme temperatures become more frequent, we must determine the effect of high temperature stress on host-parasitoid systems to predict how they will fare in the face of climate change.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">2. The majority of studies conducted on host-parasitoid systems focus on either performance under constant temperature, or a fixed metric of thermal tolerance (CT<sub>max</sub>) for individual organisms. However, performance at constant temperatures is not predictive of performance under ecologically relevant, fluctuating temperatures, and measurements of thermal thresholds provide little information regarding the effects of temperature throughout development. We address this by testing the effects of increasing mean temperature in both constant and fluctuating (±10°C) environments throughout development on the performance of the parasitoid wasp <i>Cotesia congregata</i> and its lepidopteran larval host, <i>Manduca sexta.</i></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpLast">3. The growth of <i>M. sexta</i> was influenced by mean temperature, diurnal fluctuations, and parasitization status. Caterpillar growth rate increased with increasing mean temperature, but decreased in response to diurnal fluctuations and parasitization by <i>C. congregata </i>wasps.</p> <p>4. Wasp survival decreased with increasing mean temperature, and diurnal fluctuations decreased wasp survival, especially at higher mean temperatures. Diurnal fluctuations at our highest mean temperature treatment (30°C±10°C) resulted in complete wasp mortality, and parasitized hosts displayed abnormal physiology, wherein they failed to exhibit wasp emergence, did not enter the prepupal stage, continued to feed, and grew up to two-fold larger than a normal, unparasitized caterpillar.</p> <p>5. Our results indicate hosts and parasitoids in this system have different thermal tolerances during development; the parasitoid wasp suffered complete mortality at a temperature regime that is mildly stressful for the unparasitized caterpillar host species. Our findings suggest <i>C. congregata </i>will suffer more severely under increasing temperatures than <i>M. sexta</i>, with cascading trophic and ecological effects.</p>
Data from: Larval diet and temperature alter mosquito immunity and development: using body size and developmental traits to track carry-over effects on longevity
<p><span><strong>Background</strong>:</span><span> Estimating arbovirus transmission potential requires a mechanistic understanding of how environmental factors influence the expression of adult mosquito traits. While preimaginal exposure to environmental factors can have profound effects on adult traits, tracking and predicting these effects remains challenging. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:</span><span> Using <em>Aedes albopictus</em> and a structural equation modelling approach, we explored how larval nutrition and temperature jointly affect development rate and success, body size, and whether these metrics capture carry-over effects on adult longevity. Additionally, we investigated how larval diet and temperature affect the baseline expression of ten immune genes. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:</span><span> We found that larval development </span><span>success</span><span> was primarily determined by diet, while temperature and diet both affected development rate, pupal wet weight, and wing length. Effects of diet on both morphometric measures and their relationships to adult longevity were asymmetrical, with wing length having a positive association and pupal weight a negative association. Larval diet indirectly affected adult longevity, and the time to pupation was negatively correlated with longevity. </span><span>The</span><span> expression of </span><span>eight </span><span>immune genes from Toll, </span><span>JAK-STAT, and Imd pathways </span><span>was enhanced in mosquitoes with higher nutrition. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>:</span><span> Our results highlight deficiencies from using a single body size measure to capture carry-over effects on adult traits. Further studies of larval development rate under varying environmental conditions and its potential for tracking carry-over effects on vectorial capacity are warranted. </span></p>
Fermur lengths of Drosophila melanogaster at different developmental temperatures and Wolbachia-infection types
<p>To estimate the influence of developmental temperature and <em>Wolbachia</em> infections on body size in <em>Drosophila melanogaster,</em> we disected female flies and mounted left forelegs. Pictures were taken under a Leica DFC 490 microscope. Femur lengths, wich have proven to be a good proxy for bodysize, were measured in ImageJ. Our analyses revealed that temperature, but not <em>Wolbachia</em> infections strongly influenced female body size. See also the corresponing README.txt and the table "FullData.xlsx" within SupplementaryData.zip in the supplement of the corresponding manuscript "Complex effects of environment and Wolbachia infections on the life history of Drosophila melanogaster hosts" (DOI: <span>10.1111/jeb.14016) </span>for more details.</p>
Developmental timing of Drosophila pachea pupae is robust to temperature changes
<p>Rearing temperature is correlated with the timing and speed of development in a wide range of poikiloterm animals that do not regulate their body temperature. However, exceptions exist, especially in species that live in environments with high temperature extremes or oscillations. <em>Drosophila pachea</em> is endemic to the Sonoran desert in Mexico, in which temperatures and temperature variations are extreme. We wondered if the developmental timing in <em>D. pachea</em> may be sensitive to differing rearing temperatures or if it remains constant. We determined the overall timing of the <em>Drosophila pachea</em> life-cycle at different temperatures. The duration of pupal development was similar at 25 °C, 29 °C and 32 °C, although the relative progress differed at particular stages. Thus, <em>D. pachea</em> may have evolved mechanisms to buffer temperature effects on developmental speed, potentially to ensure proper development and individual's fitness in desert climate conditions.</p>
Developmental Temperature Affects Life-History Traits and Heat Tolerance in the Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius colemani
<p>Dataset associated to the paper "Developmental Temperature Affects Life-History Traits and Heat Tolerance in the Aphid Parasitoid<em> Aphidius colemani". </em>In this study, we exposed the aphid parasitoid <em>Aphidius colemani</em> to different temperature regimes (10, 20, or 28 °C) throughout larval development and measured morphological and physiological traits indicator of fitness and heat tolerance in the adult.</p>
Data for: Sex-specific transgenerational plasticity: Developmental temperatures of mothers and fathers have different effects on sons and daughters
<p>Each parent can influence offspring phenotypes via provisioning of the zygote or sex-specific DNA methylation. Transgenerational plasticity may therefore depend on environmental conditions experienced by each parent. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a fully factorial experiment across three generations of guppies (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>), determining the effects of warm (28°C) and cold (21°C) thermal backgrounds of mothers and fathers on mass and length, and thermal performance (sustained [Ucrit] and sprint swimming speeds, citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase activities; 18, 24, 28, 32 and 36°C test temperatures) of sons and daughters. Offspring sex was significant for all traits except for sprint speed. Warmer mothers produced sons and daughters with reduced mass and length, and warmer fathers produced shorter sons. U<sub>crit</sub> of male offspring was greatest when both parents were raised at 28°C, and warmer fathers produced daughters with greater U<sub>crit</sub>. Similarly, warmer fathers produced sons and daughters with greater metabolic capacities. We show that thermal variation experienced by parents can modify offspring phenotypes, and that predicting the impacts of environmental change on populations would require knowledge of the thermal background of each mothers and fathers, particularly where sexes are spatially segregated.</p>
A phenomics approach reveals interspecific differences in integrated developmental responses to chronic elevated temperatures
<p>Raw data for publication 'A phenomics approach reveals interspecific differences in integrated developmental responses to chronic elevated temperatures', Journal of Experimental Biology (2023) 226, jeb245612. doi:10.1242/jeb.245612.</p> <p>Developmental_Event_Timings.csv - Raw data for the timings of development of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis, Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta</em> maintained at 20 and 25C, recorded by manual observation from video of developing embryos. Data are recorded as absolute timings, and relative timings normalised between the 4-cell stage and hatching. </p> <p>EPT_Data.csv - Time series of frequency specific EPT data binned at 0.1Hz increments for embryos of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>, <em>Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta </em>maintained at 20 and 25C, normalised by relative developmental time. </p> <p>EPT_data_by_physiological_window.csv - Frequency specific EPT data binned at 0.1Hz increments, and averaged across 4 key physiological windows in development (ciliary driven rotation, muscular crawling, cardiovascular function and radula function) for embryos of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>, <em>Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta </em>maintained at 20 and 25C. </p> <p>Total_energy_data.csv - Time series of total energy data for embryos of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>, <em>Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta </em>maintained at 20 and 25C, normalised by relative developmental time. </p>
Drosophila suzukii wing spot size is robust to developmental temperature
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Data from: Larval diet and temperature alter mosquito immunity and development: using body size and developmental traits to track carry-over effects on longevity
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Data from: Developmental timing of extreme temperature events (heat waves) disrupts host-parasitoid interactions
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Data for: Sex-specific transgenerational plasticity: Developmental temperatures of mothers and fathers have different effects on sons and daughters
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Developmental timing of Drosophila pachea pupae is robust to temperature changes
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Data from: Developmental temperature, not inbreeding, shapes life history and locomotor behaviors in juvenile guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
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