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6 results for “diadromy”
Diadromy drives elevated rates of trait evolution and ecomorphological convergence in Clupeiformes (herring, shad, and anchovies)
<p>Migration can have a profound influence on rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution. Diadromy is the migration between marine and freshwater habitats for feeding and reproduction that can require individuals to travel tens to thousands of kilometers. The high energetic demands of diadromy are predicted to select for ecomorphological traits that maximize swimming and locomotor efficiency. Intraspecific studies have shown repeated instances of divergence among diadromous and non-diadromous populations in locomotor and foraging traits, which suggests that at a macroevolutionary scale, diadromous lineages may experience convergent evolution onto one or multiple adaptive optima. We tested for differences in rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution among diadromous and non-diadromous lineages in Clupeiformes, a clade that has evolved diadromy more than 10 times. Our results show that diadromous clupeiforms show convergent evolution for some locomotor traits, and faster rates of evolution, which we propose are adaptive responses to the locomotor demands of migration. We also find evidence that diadromous lineages show convergence into multiple regions of multivariate traitspace and suggest these respective traitspaces are associated with differences in migration and trophic ecology. However, not all locomotor traits and no trophic traits show evidence of convergence or elevated rates of evolution associated with diadromy. Our results show that long-distance migration influences the tempo and patterns of phenotypic evolution at macroevolutionary scales, but there is not a single diadromous syndrome. </p>
Diadromy drives elevated rates of trait evolution and ecomorphological convergence in Clupeiformes (herring, shad, and anchovies)
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Supplementary Materials for: Phylogenomics, lineage diversification rates, and the evolution of diadromy in Clupeiformes (anchovies, herrings, sardines, and relatives)
<p>Migration independently evolved numerous times in animals, with a myriad of ecological and evolutionary implications. In fishes, perhaps the most extreme form of migration is diadromy, the migration between marine and freshwater environments. A key and longstanding question is how does diadromy influence lineage diversification rates? Many diadromous species travel long distances during migration, have large geographic ranges, and use isolated freshwater habitats, which may increase the likelihood of speciation. Alternatively, diadromy may reduce lineage diversification rates if migration facilitates gene flow, homogenizing populations and stymieing speciation. Clupeiformes (herrings, sardines, shads and anchovies) is a model clade for testing hypotheses about the evolution of diadromy because it includes an exceptionally high proportion of diadromous species and several independent evolutionary origins of diadromy. However, relationships among major clupeiform lineages remain unresolved with sparse (<50%) sampling of diadromous species, limiting the resolution of phylogenetically-informed statistical analyses. We assembled a phylogenomic dataset and used multi-species coalescent and concatenation approaches to generate the most comprehensive, highly-resolved clupeiform phylogeny to date, clarifying relationships among major clades of Clupeiformes, revealing taxa requiring revision, and identifying recalcitrant relationships needing further examination. Using this phylogeny as the evolutionary framework for downstream comparative analyses, we tested the hypothesis that diadromous lineages diversified faster than lineages restricted to either marine or freshwater habitats. We found that transitions to diadromy were more common than transitions from diadromy to non-diadromy. The largest lineage diversification rate increase in clupeiforms is associated with a transition to diadromy, but we uncovered little statistical support for categorically faster lineage diversification rates in diadromous versus non-diadromous fishes. We propose that diadromy may increase the potential for accelerated lineage diversification, particularly in species that migrate long distances, but this potential may only be realized in certain biogeographic contexts.</p>
Supplementary materials for: Phylogenomics, lineage diversification rates, and the evolution of diadromy in clupeiformes (anchovies, herrings, sardines, and relatives)
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Data from: The global geography of fish diadromy modes
Aim: Geographical gradients in resource production are likely to translate into macro-ecological patterns in the biodiversity of migratory organisms but few studies have addressed this question at a global scale. Here we tested a hypothesis based on uncoupled latitudinal gradients in marine and freshwater primary productivities aimed at explaining where (e. g. at which latitude) and at which stage of the life cycle (larvae: amphidromy, juvenile: catadromy, adult: anadromy) migration from ocean to freshwater occurs (diadromy). Location: Global. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Fishes. Methods: We modelled, using multinomial regressions, the proportion of catadromous, anadromous, and amphidromous species in 994 river basins as a function of freshwater and marine net primary productivities (NPP, mgC/m²/day) and additional biotic and abiotic variables. Using data extracted from GBIF we tested whether diadromous, catadromous and amphidromous species differed with respect to the NPP of their marine and freshwater occurrences. Results: Among diadromous species, anadromous species are present in higher proportion when conditions for growth are more favourable in the sea (higher productivity, higher temperature, lower number of competitors) than in freshwaters. The model reconstructs the latitudinal pattern observed in the proportion of anadromous species, including an asymmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres. According to GBIF occurrences, the ratio of marine over freshwater productivity is higher for anadromous species compared to catadromous and amphidromous species. Main conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis stating that migration between ocean and freshwater occurs by choosing the biome that optimizes pre-reproductive growth and is one more example of the importance of primary productivity in shaping large scale community patterns. This result suggests that some diadromous fish populations and species may suffer from anticipated climate change if inter-biome productivity gradients are affected.
Data from: The global geography of fish diadromy modes
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