Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Failed Total Hip Arthroplasty: Diagnostic Performance of Conventional MRI Features and Locoregional Lymphadenopathy to Identify Infected Implants

Background: Very little has been published about the diagnostic performance of MRI in total hip arthroplasty (THA) infection. Purpose: To determine the diagnostic performance of conventional MRI features and of new lymph nodal indices to identify infection in patients with failed THA. Study type: Retrospective. Population: In all, 119 patients (66 females; age 66.9 ± 12.4 years) with failed THA. Field strength/sequences: Metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS) protocol including short tau inversion recovery and turbo spin-echo T1 - and T2 -weighted sequences at 1.5T. Assessment: Patients underwent pelvis MRI prior to failed THA revision. MRIs were reviewed to identify periprosthetic bone destruction, soft-tissue mass, effusion, synovitis, lamellated synovitis, extracapsular edema, fibrous periprosthetic membrane, bone edema, and extracapsular collection/sinus tract. The number and maximum diameter of inguinal, obturator and iliac lymph nodes of the affected hip were assessed and normalized to those of the unaffected hip to calculate the ratio of nodal size (RNS), ratio of node number (RNN), difference of nodal size (DNS), and difference of node number (DNN). Statistical tests: The Mann-Whitney U-and chi-square test were used. Diagnostic performance of indices and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Results: RNS, RNN, DNS, and DNN indices were significantly different (P = 0.000) between infected and noninfected THA, with accuracies ranging from 84.8% (RNS) and 93.1% (RNN). All other MRI features were significantly more prevalent in infected THA (P ≤ 0.002), except bone destruction, periarticular soft-tissue mass, and fibrous membrane (P ≥ 0.031). Sensitivities ranged from 7.9% (soft-tissue mass) to 76.3% (effusion/bone edema), specificity from 45.7% (bone destruction) to 97.5% (synovitis/lamellated synovitis), accuracy from 49.6% (bone destruction) to 81.5% (synovitis), OR from 0.261 (soft-tissue mass) to 35.550 (synovitis). Data conclusion: Conventional MRI features have limited accuracy to differentiate septic and aseptic THA failure. Lymph nodal indices, particularly those related to nodal number, may represent biomarkers of THA infection.

FIGURE 4. Box plot showing morphological diagnostic features between B in A new species of Salamander (Caudata, Plethodontidae, Bolitoglossa) from Serranía de los Yariguíes, Colombia

FIGURE 4. Box plot showing morphological diagnostic features between B. yariguiensis and closely related species. Boxes represent the range of proportions (maximum and minimum values) and mean values of the data for males (empty circles) and females (filled squares). Data for B. leandrae was taken from the original description (Acevedo et al. 2013).

FIGURES 15–29 in Tamdamaeus staryi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae) from Vietnam, with remarks on certain unusual diagnostic features

FIGURES 15–29. Tamdamaeus staryi sp. nov., adult, microscope images: 15—prodorsal tubercles in basal part of prodorsum; 16—prodorsal tubercle La, propodolateral apophysis and scale in laterobasal part of prodorsum; 17—tubercles of epimeral region; 18—propodolateral apophysis; 19—prodorsal tubercle La; 20—notogastral seta h2; 21–24—basal parts of solenidia on tibiae I–IV, respectively; 25–28—basal parts of solenidia and coupled setae d on genua I–IV, respectively; 29—leg claw III. Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURES 3–8 in Tamdamaeus staryi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae) from Vietnam, with remarks on certain unusual diagnostic features

FIGURES 3–8. Tamdamaeus staryi sp. nov., adult: 3—right sensillus and interlamellar seta, lateral view; 4—anterior part of prodorsum, lateral view (gnathosoma and leg I except basal part not shown); 5—medio-basal part of prodorsum and anterior part of notogaster, dorsolateral view (legs I, II except basal part not shown); 6—mediobasal part of prodorsum, laterofrontal view (leg I except basal part not shown); 7—posterior part of notogaster, lateral view; 8—anogenital region, lateral view. Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURES 9–10 in Tamdamaeus staryi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae) from Vietnam, with remarks on certain unusual diagnostic features

FIGURES 9–10. Tamdamaeus staryi sp. nov., adult: 9—leg I, without trochanter, right, antiaxial view; 10—leg II, without trochanter, right, antiaxial view. Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURES 11–12 in Tamdamaeus staryi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae) from Vietnam, with remarks on certain unusual diagnostic features

FIGURES 11–12. Tamdamaeus staryi sp. nov., adult: 11—leg III, left, antiaxial view; 12—leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Tamdamaeus staryi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae) from Vietnam, with remarks on certain unusual diagnostic features

FIGURE 2. Tamdamaeus staryi sp. nov., adult: ventral view (left palp and legs except some left basal parts not shown). Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Tamdamaeus staryi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae) from Vietnam, with remarks on certain unusual diagnostic features

FIGURE 1. Tamdamaeus staryi sp. nov., adult: dorsal view (legs except some right basal parts not shown). Scale bar 100 µm.

Fig. 7 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 7. Pelvic girdles in acetabular (left column) and dorsal (right column) views of representative pseudine species compared to that of Xenohyla. The pelvis of Pseudis minuta has been drawn from a dry specimen. Skeletal data from CT-scans available at Morphosource. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations in section 2.2.5.

Fig. 6 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 6. Pectoral girdles and forelimb bones of representative pseudine species compared to that of Xenohyla. Humerus in ventral view, radio-ulna in medial view, manus in plantar view, and close-up of finger in medial view. Skeletal data from CT-scans available at Morphosource. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations in section 2.2.4.

Fig. 3 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 3. Skulls of representative pseudine species in dorsal (left column), lateral (central column), and ventral (right column) views. Skeletal data from CT-scans available at Morphosource. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations in section 2.2.1.

Fig. 10 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 10. Evolutionary trends of digit morphology in pseudines. Schematic drawings of the distal part of finger IV (terminal phalanx, intercalary element, and penultimate phalanx) depict different character state combinations in pseudines and other hylids. See section 2.4 for methodological details.

Fig. 9 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 9. Phylogenetic signal and homoplasy in the skeleton of pseudines and other hylids. Potential synapomorphies and autapomorphies are depicted as circles (if unambiguous) or squares (if ambiguous) on the scaffold tree, with color indicating the skeletal partition. Those unique within Hylidae are bordered in dark grey. A character distribution map indicates partition contribution to the whole data matrix. The homoplasy of each character is indicated by the homoplasy index (bottom left). See section 2.4 for methodological details.

Fig. 2 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 2. Skeleton (in dorsal view) of Pseudis platensis compared to that of a tree-dwelling hylid. Skeletal data from CT-scans available at Morphosource.

Fig. 5 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 5. Vertebral columns (in dorsal view) of representative pseudine species compared to that of Xenohyla. Close-ups are of the atlas-presacral II joint (in dorsal view) and the urostyle (in ventral view) of Pseudis platensis. Skeletal data from CT-scans available at Morphosource. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations in section 2.2.3.

Fig. 1 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 1. Geographic distribution map and phylogeny of paradoxical frogs (Pseudae). Species ranges are from Garda & Cannatella (2007) and timetree is from Duellman et al. (2016). The drawing (by ROG) is of an adult of Pseudis minuta. Abbreviations: L.bol, Lysapsus bolivianus; L.car, L. caraya; L.lae, L. laevis; L.lim, L. limellum; Ps.bol, Pseudis bolbodactyla; Ps.car, Ps. cardosoi; Ps.fus, Ps. fusca; Ps.min, Ps. minuta; Ps.par, Ps. paradoxa; Ps. pla, Ps. platensis; Ps.toc, Ps. tocantins; spp, species.

Fig. 4 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 4. Hyolaryngeal complex (in ventral view) of Pseudis minuta (male; FCEN 19848). Red denotes bone and blue denotes cartilage. Scale bar equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations in section 2.2.2.

Fig. 12 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 12. Uniqueness of paradoxical frogs and convergence with aquatic taxa. Heatmap of 38 homoplastic characters showing clustering of Pseudae species with pipids and other aquatic frogs (phenogram on the left) and their distinctiveness amongst hylids (phylogenetic tree on the bottom). See section 2.4 for methodological details. Abbreviations: GD, Gower distance.

Fig. 11 in Comparative osteology of paradoxical frogs (Hylidae: Pseudae) with comments on diagnostic features, evolutionary trends and potential aquatic adaptations

Fig. 11. Evolutionary trends of selected characters of skull, pelvis, and limbs in pseudines and convergence with pipids. Optimization of 12 binary and multistate characters is depicted on the scaffold tree including all outgroup taxa, with color indicating the respective character state. Schematic drawings of skeletons depict different character state combinations in exemplar species (in bold) and the convergence of Pseudis and pipids. See section 2.4 for methodological details.