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14 results for “diaspores”
Environmental morphing enables informed dispersal of the dandelion diaspore
<p>This repository contains source data for the following preprint: </p> <p>Seale M, Zhdanov O, Soons MB, Cummins C, Kroll E, Blatt MR, Zare-Behtash H, Busse A, Mastropaolo E, Bullock JM, Viola IM, Nakayama N (2022) Environmental morphing enables informed dispersal of the dandelion diaspore, bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/542696</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Diaspore traits specialized to animal adhesion and sea current dispersal are positively associated with the naturalization of European plants across the World
<p>Understanding what drives non-native species naturalization (the establishment of a self-sustainable population outside its native range) is a central question in invasion science. Plants' capacity for long distance dispersal (LDD) is likely to influence the spread and naturalization of non-native species differently according to their introduction pathways. These pathways include intentional introductions (for economic use, e.g. for agriculture), unintentional introductions (e.g. seed contaminants), plant dispersal via human infrastructures (e.g. roads), and plant spread from an adjacent region where the species was previously introduced. Herein, we tested the relationship between sets of LDD traits (syndromes) of 10,308 European plant species and their global naturalization incidence (i.e. whether a species has become naturalized or not) and extent (i.e. the number of regions where a species has become naturalized) using the most comprehensive database of naturalized plants worldwide (GloNAF). Diaspore traits allowed the identification of four traditional LDD syndromes, namely those with specializations for dispersal by: wind (anemochorous), animal ingestion (endozoochorous), attached to animals (epizoochorous), and sea currents (thalassochorous). These evolutionary specializations have been historically interpreted by biologists even though actual dispersal is not always related to diaspore syndromes. We found that while epizoochorous and thalassochorous traits are positively associated with global plant naturalization incidence, anemochorous and endozoochorous traits show a negative relationship. Species´ residence time outside their native range, their economic use and presence of epizoochorous traits (such as hooks, hairs and adhesive substances) are positively associated with global naturalization extent. Furthermore, we found that plants' economic use reduces the influence of LDD syndromes on the naturalization incidence of intentionally introduced plants. While the success of non-native plants is influenced by a broad array of species- and context-specific factors, LDD syndromes play an important role in this context depending on the economic use of plants.</p>
Data for: The influence of vegetation structure on secondary diaspore dispersal by wind
<p><span>The role of vegetation structure in relation to wind speed and diaspore attributes on secondary diaspore dispersal by wind has not </span><span>been empirically studied</span><span>. </span><span>Here, we investigated secondary dispersal by wind of diaspores placed in </span><span>12</span><span> different kinds of vegetation</span><span> and bare land</span><span>. The experiments were conducted in a wind tunnel using a range of wind speeds and diaspores that differed in mass and kind of appendages. </span><span>The explanations of wind speed, diaspore attribute</span><span>s</span><span>, vegetation coverage, life-form, vertical </span><span>pattern </span><span>and horizontal pattern for diaspore dispersal capacity were 6.67~10.40%, 16.13~20.53%, </span><span>6.227~</span><span>24.64%, 0.10%, 0.74%, and 0.10%, respectively. </span><span>Compared with wind speed and diaspore attributes, vegetation coverage contributed the most to diaspore dispersal capacity when vegetation coverage was low (</span><span><10% in our study). However</span><span>, but with a high (10-30%) coverage, vegetation coverage was the least influential factor in secondary diaspore dispersal by wind. V</span><span>egetation coverage </span><span>significantly </span><span>interact</span><span>ed with</span> <span>vegetation life-form, horizontal pattern and vertical pattern </span><span>on affecting</span><span> diaspore dispersal capacity. </span><span>Thus,</span><span> the most influential factor determining secondary diaspore dispersal by wind is vegetation coverage.</span></p>
Diaspore traits specialized to animal adhesion and sea current dispersal are positively associated with the naturalization of European plants across the World
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Data for: The influence of vegetation structure on secondary diaspore dispersal by wind
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Data from: Wind dispersal is predicted by tree, not diaspore, traits in comparisons of neotropical species
1. The seed shadow created by wind dispersal around parent trees may be affected by functional traits, as well as wind conditions and surrounding vegetation. 2. This study of one mature tree each of 12 Neotropical species determined the extent to which species variation in diaspore traits vs. tree height and crop size explains (1) rate of diaspore descent in still air, (2) distributions of diaspores dispersed from a 40-m tower in the forest, and (3) natural seed shadows around the parent tree. 3. A model of diaspore wing-loading to a fitted power explained 66.9% of the variation among species in the geometric mean rate of descent in still air. For a subset of four species, expected dispersal distance was not correlated with actual dispersal distance from the forest tower. For a subset of seven species, variation in wing-loading1/2 of individual diaspores explained ≤4.3% of the dispersal distance from the parent tree. 4. Measured seed shadows, particularly their distribution edges and area, differed significantly among the 12 species (range in maximum tree height 19–42 m), and were best fit by 12 separate anisotropic dispersal kernels and surveyed fecundities. Measured mean distance was highly correlated with simulated distances from the kernels. 5. The best models, explaining 57.6% of the variation among species in shadow area, and 59.6, 61.6, and 61.7% of variation in mean, median and maximum distances, included maximum tree height, either alone or in combination with crop size, and not diaspore rate of descent. 6. Among 10 species, seed shadow area was not related to rank of seedling shade tolerance. In their highly skewed distributions, most seeds were much closer than the distance of greatest seedling recruitment and in very high density, thus enhancing later density- and/or distance-related seedling mortality. 7. Tree functional traits, rather than the historically emphasized diaspore traits, explain distance distributions of these wind-dispersed species. Additional exploration of diaspore abscission in relation to wind and the influence of wind patterns after release are needed.
Apendices(Effect of Vegetation Structure on Secondary Wind Dispersal Distance of Diaspores)
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Data from: Wind dispersal is predicted by tree, not diaspore, traits in comparisons of neotropical species
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Datasets and statistical analysis scripts_Disturbance reshapes diaspore interactions
<p>Primary datasets and statistical analysis scripts of the manuscript entitled:</p> <p><strong>"Topsoil disturbance reshapes diaspore interactions with ground-foraging animals in a megadiverse grassland"</strong></p> <p>Andre J. Arruda¹<sup>,</sup>²<sup>,</sup>³*, Fernanda V. Costa<sup>4</sup>, Tadeu J. Guerra², Patrícia A. Junqueira², Roberta L.C. Dayrell¹<sup>,</sup>², João V. S. Messeder², Hanna T. S. Rodrigues², Elise Buisson³, Fernando A. O. Silveira²<sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></p> <p>1 University of Western Australia, School of Biological Sciences, Australia</p> <p>2 Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Botany, Brazil</p> <p>3 Avignon Université, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie, CNRS,</p> <p>IRD, Aix Marseille Université, IUT d’Avignon, AGROPARC, France</p> <p>4 Federal University of Ouro Preto, Graduate School in Ecology of Tropical Biomes, Brazil</p> <p>5 Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Brazil</p> <p>*Corresponding author: ajarruda@gmail.com</p>
Data from: Ecology and evolution of the diaspore 'burial syndrome'
Hygroscopically active awns or "bristles" have long intrigued scientists. Experimental evidence shows that they are important for diaspore burial in the correct orientation, thereby increasing successful seed germination and seedling survival. Despite these ecological advantages, 38 of the 280 species of grasses in Danthonioideae lack awns. We provide the first study of awns in a phylogenetic context and show that whilst the awnless state has arisen ca. 25 times independently, the ecological disadvantage of not having an awn also applies in an evolutionary context. Only in Tribolium and Schismus have awnless ancestors diversified to form a clade of primarily awnless descendents. Several of the awnless species in these genera are annual and we find a significant correlation between the evolution of awns and the evolution of life history. A suite of other diaspore traits accompany the awned or awnless states. We interpret the awn as being the visible constituent of a compound "burial syndrome", the two ecological extremes of which may explain the correlation between awns and life history and provide an explanation why awnless species in Tribolium and Schismus persist.
Dataset and R code (Effect of Vegetation Structure on Secondary Wind Dispersal Distance of Diaspores)
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Data from: Ecology and evolution of the diaspore 'burial syndrome'
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Ground-foraging ant communities in invaded (by Hovenia dulcis) and non-invaded Atlantic Forest sites, and ant-H. dulcis diaspore interactions
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Biological invasions are a worldwide threat to biodiversity. Invasive species can affect biodiversity in many ways, such as by altering habitat properties and structure to which native species are dependent. Recipient communities that have mutualistic interactions with invasive species, such as seed dispersal mutualistic networks, are more vulnerable to invasion. The japanese raisin tree, <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thunberg (Rhamnaceae), is an example of a successful invasive tree in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, where it alters plant communities and leaf-litter inputs. Also, <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> invests a massive amount of energy in the production of infructescences with fleshy sugary peduncle, and several animal species are local consumers and dispersers. We studied the relationships between <i>H. dulcis</i> and ground-foraging ant communities. Ants are known to be dependent on habitat structure, and have been suggested as potential dispersals of <i>H. dulcis</i> diaspores. We collected data to evaluate the (i) effects of the <i>H. dulcis</i> invasion on ants, and (ii) ant-diaspore interactions. We sampled ant communities with pitfall traps in seven paired invaded and uninvaded forest sites (n=14) in two close times: before (June 2018) and after <i>H. dulcis</i> infructescence ripening and falling into the forest floor (July 2018). We additionally performed an experiment to understand the potential use of <i>H. dulcis</i> diaspores by ant species.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Ground-foraging ant communities in invaded (by Hovenia dulcis) and non-invaded Atlantic Forest sites, and ant-H. dulcis diaspore interactions
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