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181 results for “diet composition”
Diet composition for small pelagic fishes across the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf for NES-LTER, ongoing since 2013
These data represent the diet composition of small pelagic fishes assessed by the Northeast U.S. Shelf Long-Term Ecological Research (NES-LTER) project. The six species of fish in this dataset represent a subset of the species collected in bottom trawls conducted by the NOAA Fisheries Northeast Ecosystems Surveys from Cape Hatteras to the Gulf of Maine. Sampling occurred in the Spring and Fall seasons. Fish were frozen and stomach content analyses were conducted by the Fisheries Oceanography and Larval Fish Ecology Lab at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Data are counts and length measurements for prey items examined under a dissecting microscope. Prey species were matched to the lowest taxonomic level in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) for scientific name and taxonomic serial number. The dataset was supplemented with geospatial and temporal information from NOAA Fisheries trawl databases.
Adelie penguin diet composition, preliminary analyses of whole samples, 1991-2024
The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, gentoo penguin populations have increased dramatically and chinstrap penguin populations have remained relatively stable. These trends are spatially and temporally coherent with regional warming and decreasing sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. The PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred, with each island containing a different number of spatially segregated sub-colonies. These colonies are censused to determine the total number of nests and chicks produced each year, and breeding success. Diet samples are acquired to understand diet composition (e.g., krill, fish) and krill length-frequencies. In general, krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, but changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends and thus far, have failed to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. Chick fledging masses are recorded as a cumulative measure of climate, weather, diet, and parental influences on chick health at the end of the breeding season. These data have provided valuable insights into the marine and terrestrial factors that influence Adélie penguin population fitness. No data were collected during the 2021-2022 season due to the Palmer Station pier rebuild.
Adelie penguin diet composition, krill size frequency distribution, 1991-2024
The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, gentoo penguin populations have increased dramatically and chinstrap penguin populations have remained relatively stable. These trends are spatially and temporally coherent with regional warming and decreasing sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. The PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred, with each island containing a different number of spatially segregated sub-colonies. These colonies are censused to determine the total number of nests and chicks produced each year, and breeding success. Diet samples are acquired to understand diet composition (e.g., krill, fish) and krill length-frequencies. In general, krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, but changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends and thus far, have failed to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. Chick fledging masses are recorded as a cumulative measure of climate, weather, diet, and parental influences on chick health at the end of the breeding season. These data have provided valuable insights into the marine and terrestrial factors that influence Adélie penguin population fitness. No data were collected during the 2021-2022 season due to the Palmer Station pier rebuild.
Adelie penguin diet composition, fish species and number, 1991-2024
The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, gentoo penguin populations have increased dramatically and chinstrap penguin populations have remained relatively stable. These trends are spatially and temporally coherent with regional warming and decreasing sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. The PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred, with each island containing a different number of spatially segregated sub-colonies. These colonies are censused to determine the total number of nests and chicks produced each year, and breeding success. Diet samples are acquired to understand diet composition (e.g., krill, fish) and krill length-frequencies. In general, krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, but changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends and thus far, have failed to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. Chick fledging masses are recorded as a cumulative measure of climate, weather, diet, and parental influences on chick health at the end of the breeding season. These data have provided valuable insights into the marine and terrestrial factors that influence Adélie penguin population fitness. No data were collected during the 2021-2022 season due to the Palmer Station pier rebuild.
Adelie penguin diet composition, secondary prey items, 1991-2020
The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, gentoo penguin populations have increased dramatically and chinstrap penguin populations have remained relatively stable. These trends are spatially and temporally coherent with regional warming and decreasing sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. The PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred, with each island containing a different number of spatially segregated sub-colonies. These colonies are censused to determine the total number of nests and chicks produced each year, and breeding success. Diet samples are acquired to understand diet composition (e.g., krill, fish) and krill length-frequencies. In general, krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, but changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends and thus far, have failed to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. Chick fledging masses are recorded as a cumulative measure of climate, weather, diet, and parental influences on chick health at the end of the breeding season. These data have provided valuable insights into the marine and terrestrial factors that influence Adélie penguin population fitness. No data were collected during the 2021-2022 season due to the Palmer Station pier rebuild.
Data of "Decreasing the level of hemicelluloses in sow's lactation diet affects the milk composition and post-weaning performances of low birthweight piglets"
<p>This study showed the effects of decreasing the levels of hemicelluloses in sow’s lactation diet on milk composition and on sow and piglet performances.</p> <p>Sow_performances.csv: A comma separated value file of data used to investigate the relationship between the performances of Swiss Large White sows and decreasing levels of hemicelluloses in lactation diet.</p> <p>Milk_composition.csv: A comma separated value file of data used to investigate the relationship between the milk composition of Swiss Large White sows and decreasing levels of hemicelluloses in lactation diet.</p> <p>Piglets_performances.csv: A comma separated value file of data used to investigate the relationship between the performances of Swiss Large White pigs and decreasing levels of hemicelluloses in lactation maternal diet.</p> <p>Feed_intake_piglets.csv: A comma separated value file of data used to investigate the relationship between the feed intake of Swiss Large White pigs and decreasing levels of hemicelluloses in lactation maternal diet.</p> <p>Diarrhea_postweaning.csv: A comma separated value file of data used to investigate the relationship between the post-weaning diarrhoea of Swiss Large White pigs and decreasing levels of hemicelluloses in lactation maternal diet.</p> <p>data_description.xlsx: meta data for Sow_performances.csv, Milk_composition.csv, Piglets_performances.csv, Feed_intake_piglets.csv and Diarrhea_postweaning.csv with description of variables.</p> <p> </p>
Figure 2 in Diet composition of an invasive population of Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog) from Argentina
Figure 2. Index of relative importance (IRI) of prey consumed by adult Lithobates catesbeianus; % Number (%N) represents the numerical percentage and % volume (%vol) the volumetric percentage, and the horizontal axis represents the frequency of occurrence of each item.
Figure 3 in Diet composition of an invasive population of Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog) from Argentina
Figure 3. Index of relative importance (IRI) of prey consumed by juvenile Lithobates catesbeianus; % Number (%N) represents the numerical percentage and % Volume (%Vol) the volumetric percentage, and the horizontal axis represents the frequency of occurrence of each item.
Figure 1 in Diet composition of an invasive population of Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog) from Argentina
Figure 1. (A) Location of studied invasive population of Lithobates catesbeianus from San Juan (black dot); (B) typical environment where the bullfrogs were captured for this study, around the Castaño Viejo River.
Diet composition based on stable isotopic analysis of fecal samples revealed the preference of Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) for natural wetlands and fishponds
<p><span>Background:</span><span> Black-faced spoonbill (BFS) is a global endangered species, distributed only in the coastal zones of East Asia. Xinghua Bay is one of the main wintering sites and migration stopovers of BFS in mainland China. However, </span><span>with the </span><span>reduction and degradation of natural wetlands, it is uncertain whether the constructed wetland can provide habitat for the endangered BFS. Research on diet of BFS will help to understand their preference between natural and artificial wetlands, and also provide reference for their conservation and habitat restoration. </span></p> <p><span>Results:</span><span> In the early winter, the proportion of Palaemonidae in BFS's food was as high as 74.4%, while that of other food was only 3.0% to 6.0%. In the late winter, the food contribution of BFS was as follow: Portunidae </span><span>39.3% </span><span>> Palaemonidae </span><span>26.1% </span><span>> Cyprinidae </span><span>8.8% </span><span>></span> <span>Mugilidae </span><span>8.5% </span><span>> Gobiidae </span><span>7.3% </span><span>></span> <span>Crucian </span><span>5.1% </span><span>> Whiteshrimp </span><span>4.8%</span><span>. The proportion of Portunidae exceeded that of Palaemonidae, and together with Palaemonidae, it has become the main food of BFS in late winter. </span></p> <p><span>Conclusion: </span><span>The diet composition of BFS between the early and late winter was significantly different, which may be due to seasonal changes in food resources. Natural wetlands are the main feeding grounds of BFS, but artificial wetlands also provide them with supplementary feeding grounds and resting places. Aquaculture ponds play an important ecological function in maintaining the overwintering population of BFS in Xinghua Bay.</span></p>
Can diet composition estimates using stable isotope analysis of feathers predict growth and condition in nestling mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides)
<p>Insectivorous birds breeding in seasonal environments provision their dependent young during periods when prey diversity and abundance vary. Consequently, the composition and nutritional value of diets parents feed to their offspring may differ within and among broods, potentially affecting the condition of nestlings. In a population of mountain bluebirds (<i>Sialia currucoides</i>), we used two methods to estimate diet composition for individual nestlings: direct observation of provisioning using video recordings at 5 and 9 days post-hatch, and stable isotopes of the δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N in nestling feathers and prey followed by analysis with mixing models. We determined the macronutrient content (% fat and lean mass) and estimated the metabolized energy from each type of prey. We evaluated whether different methods of estimating diet composition would produce similar results, and if the types of prey nestlings ate at one or both ages affected their morphology, growth rates, or blood ketone concentration. We found that bluebirds fed their young 5 main types of prey: beetles, cicadas, grasshoppers, insect larvae, and spiders. Both observational and mixing model estimates of diet composition indicated that larvae are traded-off with grasshoppers, and that fewer larvae are provided to nestlings as the season progresses. In evaluating how diet influences individual growth and condition, estimates from direct observations had greater explanatory power than those from mixing models, indicating that diets rich in the most energy-dense prey (greatest fat content; cicadas and larvae) were associated with larger size and higher body condition, and faster rate of mass gain and growth of tarsus. Lower value prey had more limited, specific effects on nestlings, but may still be important dietary components. While isotopic methods produced estimates of diet composition that were generally informative, when applied to explain the growth and condition of nestlings they proved less useful. </p>
Fig. 2 in Diet Composition Of Otters (Lutra Lutra L.) Living On Small Watercourses In Southwestern Hungary
Fig. 2. The diet pattern of otters living by streams and channels in the Dráva region. For locations (W1–5) see Fig. 1, n = number of spraint samples
Fig. 1 in Diet Composition Of Otters (Lutra Lutra L.) Living On Small Watercourses In Southwestern Hungary
Fig. 1. Locality of the small watercourses studied in the Drava region. 1 = Dombó-channel (W1, Gyékényes), 2 = Dombó-channel (W2, Berzence), 3 = Babócsai stream (W3, Babócsa), 4 = Barcs-Kom-
Fig. 3 in Diet Composition Of Otters (Lutra Lutra L.) Living On Small Watercourses In Southwestern Hungary
Fig. 3. Percentage biomass consumption (mean±SE) of fish prey in the diet of otters living by streams and channels, on the basis of fish weight (a) and guild (b). Fish guilds: RE – reophilic or flow preferring, EU – eurytopic or tolerant for rivers and stagnant waters and ST – stagnophilic or stagnant water
Fig. 3 in Fish diet composition in permanent and semi-permanent pools in tropical wetlands of the Yucatan Peninsula
Fig. 3. Percentage composition of main items consumed by fish in Permanent (A) and Semi-permanent (B) pools in BPR during the dry (black bars) and rainy season (dash bars) of 2010. FR = fish remains, TI = terrestrial invertebrates, AI = aquatic insects, PR = plant remains, CR = crustaceans (mainly amphipods), AR = arachnid, AL = algae, GA = gastropod and DE = detritus.
Fig. 2 in Fish diet composition in permanent and semi-permanent pools in tropical wetlands of the Yucatan Peninsula
Fig. 2. Fish feeding spectrum of aquatic insects and terrestrial invertebrates (proportions of different orders in the diet of all stomachs analyzed) between Permanent (A) and Semi-permanent (B) pools in the PBR during 2010. Species codes: Aa = Astyanax aeneus, Cu = Cichlasoma urophthalmus, Tm = Thorichthys meeki, Gy = Gambusia yucatana, Pv = Poecilia velifera, Pm = P. mexicana, Bb = Belonesox belizanus, Ro = Rocio octofasciata, Cs = Cichlasoma urophthalmus, Ps = Petenia splendida, On = Oreochromis niloticus, Pm = Paraneetroplus melanurus, Gp = Garmanella pulchra.
Fig. 1 in Fish diet composition in permanent and semi-permanent pools in tropical wetlands of the Yucatan Peninsula
Fig. 1. Geographic location of studied pools, permanent and semi-permanent in PBR, Campeche, Mexico during 2010.
Fig. 2 in Diet Composition Of The Red Fox, Vulpes Vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 (Canidae, Carnivora) In Western Ukraine
Fig. 2. Cluster analysis. sa – summer-autumn season, ws – winter-spring season; LV – Lviv region, VO – Volyn region, ZA – Zakarpattia region, N/A – Western Ukraine (exact data on region of origin are not available), KH – Khmelnytskyi region, TE – Ternopil region, RI – Rivne region, IV – Ivano-Frankivsk region; d – stomach contents (dissection), f – faeces sample.
Figure 4 in Diet composition of two sympatric snappers Lutjanus synagris and Ocyurus chrysurus from the north continental shelf of Yucatan, Mexico
Figure 4. – Diet composition of Ocyurus chrysurus specimens from the north continental shelf of the Yucatan Peninsula according to fishing sites. Angle of sector are proportional to Q (Hureau's coefficient; Q value is given in parentheses), and radius is proportional to %F (frequency of occurrence). n1 = total number of fish collected; n2 = number of fish with stomach contents; FL = fork length of fish with stomach contents.
Figure 3 in Diet composition of two sympatric snappers Lutjanus synagris and Ocyurus chrysurus from the north continental shelf of Yucatan, Mexico
Figure 3. – Diet composition of Lutjanus synagris specimens from the north continental shelf of the Yucatan Peninsula according to fishing sites. Angle of sector are proportional to Q (Hureau's coefficient; Q value is given in parentheses) and radius is proportional to %F (frequency of occurrence), n1 = total number of fish collected; n2 = number of fish with stomach contents; FL = fork length of fish with stomach contents.
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